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Ultimate AP World Modern Review - 2021 Flashcards | StudBud
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Ultimate AP World Modern Review - 2021
Ultimate AP World Modern Review - 2021
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1
Portuguese state investment by Prince Henry and others in navigation led to...
Portuguese discovery of Australia
Colonization of the African interior
A global trading-post empire
The discovery of a Northwest Passage to China
2
Where did the Industrial Revolution begin and spread c.1750 to 1900 CE?
Western Europe to Japan, then Russia
Britain to the US and Western Europe, then Japan
Japan to the US and Western Europe
Germany to Russia and then to the US
3
How did families and gender roles change in response to the Atlantic Slave Trade from c. 1450-1750?
Patriarchy was challenged in Africa
More females were exported to the Americas
Polygamy increased in Africa
Slave families grew larger in the Americas
4
What goods were exported from WEST AFRICA along the Trans-Saharan network?
Wine, olives, wool textiles
Ivory, animal skins, exotic woods
Gold, salt, slaves
Glassware, incense, dyes, rugs
5
Which diasporic community could be found in the Mediterranean and along the Indian Ocean?
The Chinese
The Indians and Malays
The Jews
The Arabs
6
The centralization of production of goods organized by a highly specialized division of unskilled labor is called...
Craft Production
Guild Organizations
The Factory System
Trade Unions
7
The massive Buddhist temple of Borobudur on the island of Java in SE Asia is an example of...
Technological Diffusion
Cultural Assimilation
Social Conversion
Cultural Diffusion
8
How did the Dar-al-Islam facilitate the diffusion of technologies and ideas?
The Hajj and sponsorship of science and the arts - cosmopolitan blending
Through the development of long-distance infrastructure
By establishing a secular society for scholars.
By continual jihads and raids against neighboring regions
9
What are the dates covered in this year's AP World: Modern Exam?
1200 CE to 2010 CE
Beginnings to c.2000 CE
600 BCE to 600 CE
600 CE to 2000 CE
10
Footbinding in Song China, Veiling in the Dar-al-Islam, and Sati in Indian states are all examples of...
Social hierarchy
Intensifying patriarchy
Social Stratification
Emerging feminism
11
What years represent the MODERN ERA in world history?
c.1450-1750 CE
c.1200-1450 CE
c.600-1450 CE
c.1750-1900 CE
12
Which forms of government were established in the United States, France, Haiti, and in Latin American nation-states?
Communist Regimes
Khanates
Democratic Republics
Caliphates
13
What does interregional mean?
From one region into another
Across the globe.
Within a single region.
From one side of a region to another.
14
Which of the following was NOT an example of a technological or cultural transfer from the Dar-al-Islam?
Algebra and Arabic Numerals
Preservation of Greek and Roman texts
Navigational and astronomical tools - telescope and astrolabe
Champa rice and silk production techniques
15
Where were the bulk of European colonies located in the Early Modern Era?
Australia, SE Asia, and Oceania
The Americas
East and South Asia
Sub-Saharan Africa
16
All of the following new technologies improved maritime trade and travel from 600-1450 EXCEPT:
The Magnetic Compass
The Caravel, Fluyt, and Carrack
The Dhow and Junk
The Astrolabe
17
All of the following commercial practices increased the use of long-distance trade from 600-1450 CE EXCEPT:
Bills of exchange and credit
Banking Houses
Joint-stock companies
Paper money and "flying cash" (checks)
18
Why are the Mongols MOST significant to world history?
Cavalry and siege tactics and technologies used
Genghis khan had millions of descendents
Building an empires from tribes of herders
Uniting Eurasia and diffusing technologies like paper-making and gunpowder
19
The use of fossil fuels such as coal, natural gas, and petroleum had all of the following impacts EXCEPT:
Brought about larger amounts of air and water pollution
Increased energy availability
The decline of wood, wind, and water as energy sources in mills
Created new renewable energy sources
20
Which of the following is NOT an example of a growing mystical religious movement from 1200-1450 CE?
Bhakti Movement
Confucianism
Zen Buddhism
Sufism
21
Which of the following minorities were oppressed by the Russian Empire by restricting their settlement?
Hindus
Catholic Christians
Jews (Anti-Semitism)
Orthodox Christians
22
Which way of life BEST describes the Mongols as an ethnicity?
Agricultural city-states
Travelling merchants along the Silk Roads
Nomadic hunters and foragers
Tribes of shamanistic pastoralists
23
Spanish state sponsorship of Columbus' voyages by Ferdinand and Isabella led to...
European conquest and colonization of the Americas
The decline of the Ottoman and Mughal Empires
European control of the Indian Ocean Basin
Industrialization of Spain's economy
24
Political ideals from the Enlightenment were reflected in all of these documents EXCEPT:
The Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen
The Jamaica Letter
The Communist Manifesto
The Declaration of Independence
25
Which region saw a golden age of rising economic and political influence in the Early Modern Era?
East Asia
The Americas
Western Europe
The Middle East
26
All of the following powerful trading cities emerged along interregional trade networks from 600-1450 EXCEPT:
New York and Havana on the Atlantic
Baghdad on the Silk Roads
Calicut on the Indian Ocean
Timbuktu on the Trans-Saharan
27
What were the demographic consequences of the Columbian Exchange on the Americas' indigenous peoples (W. Hemisphere)?
Catastrophic population decline due to diseases, like smallpox
Population explosion due to new crops
Migration of Native Americans to Europe and Africa
Increasing sizes of families
28
CONTEXT: Which of the following major developments did NOT occur during the Early Modern Era?
The Globalization of Networks of Exhange
The decline of land-based empires and monarchs
Increasing use of coerced systems of labor
The rise of gunpowder-based land and maritime empires
29
All of the following were Enlightenment ideas EXCEPT:
Protection of Natural Rights
Divine Right of Kings
Popular Sovereignty
Social Contract Theory
30
Which expanding trade network is colored in RED on the map below?
The Trans-Saharan
The Silk Roads
The Mediterranean
The Indian Ocean Basin
31
CONTEXT: Which of the following major developments did NOT occur during the Post-Classical Era?
New forms of states were created - feudal, khanates, Islamic, etc.
The emergence and diffusion of Islam
The first interregional empires were established.
Intensification of Interregional Exchanges
32
Which of the following mass production methods greatly increases speed and efficiency?
Apprenticeships and Licensing
The Factory Acts
Assembly Line and Interchangeable Parts
Formation of LLCs
33
What is a caliphate?
The religious authority of all Muslims
The collection of Islamic law codes
The principle of Islamic holy war
An Islamic empire that claims to defend the Dar-al-Islam
34
How did the Aztec (Mexica) Empire use the tribute system to consolidate power in Mesoamerica?
To encourage migration into the Aztec Empire
To provide gifts to local leaders to ensure loyalty
To distribute food to outlying villages
To seize captives as slaves and offer them as sacrifices
35
Which of the following is an example of a maritime empire being challenged by local populations in the Early Modern Era?
The Pueblo Revolt
The Sepoy Revolt
Cossack Revolts/ Pugachev Rebellion
The Taiping Rebellion
36
All of the following social reform movements were inspired by Enlightenment ideals EXCEPT:
Cult of Domesticity Movement
Universal Manhood Suffrage Movement
Early Feminist Movement
Abolition Movement
37
What is
industrialization
?
The process of using manual labor to cultivate cash-crops
The process of using coerced labor to improve public works
The process of migrating into cities
The process of using machines to produce goods in factories.
38
How did the Mongol Empire (and other states) promote interregional trade and travel?
Maintained infrastructure (roads, walls, bridges, canals)
All of the above
Protected merchants and travelers
Issued currencies and taxed/regulated trade
39
These organizations were created by European merchants and nobles and were often given state monopolies to export goods
Banking Houses
Stock Markets
Limited Liability Corporations (LLCs)
Joint-Stock Companies
40
Which of the following faiths represented a syncretic blend of Islam and Hinduism?
Daoism
Sikhism
Sufism
Shintoism
41
What was the purpose of state construction of monumental architecture, like the Aztec Templo Mayor below?
To improve the standard of living
To house growing populations
To encourage cultural toleration
To display the power and permanence of the state
42
Which social groups witnessed a significant DECLINE in their power in the Early Modern Era?
The Nobility (Aristocrats)
Absolute Monarchs
The Merchants
Scholars and Clergy
43
What AP World Region is identified on this map in YELLOW?
South Asia
East Asia
Middle East
Southeast Asia
44
How did the Indian Ocean network impact EAST AFRICA from c. 1200-1450?
An empire was established from the wealth from trade
Indian merchants introduced Buddhism and Hinduism
Epidemic diseases were introduced that weakened the region
Arab diasporic communities brought Islam and the Arabic language
45
How did the Qing Empire use the Forbidden City below?
To demonstrate and legitimize their absolute power to the public.
To assimilate the bureaucracy into Confucian principles.
To train for and administer the civil service exams
To defend China from nomadic invaders.
46
Which of the following revolutions led to the radical overthrow of an absolute monarch and a Reign of Terror?
The (North) American Revolution
The Latin American Revolutions
The Haitian Revolution
The French Revolution
47
Why do so many trade networks expand and increase their volumes during from 600-1450 CE?
A massive population boom caused by new agricultural methods
Empires fell and taxes were not charged as often
The Black Death pandemic ended
New technologies of trade and protection of states/empires
48
Older navigational technologies were adapted to create improved ones by Europeans such as the...
The magnetic compass
The telescope and sextant
The caravel, carrack, and fluyt
The astrolabe
49
What were the demographic consequences of the Columbian Exchange on the populations of Afro-Eurasia (E. Hemisphere)?
Africa isolated itself from exchanges
Migrations slowed across the Atlantic
Disease epidemics reduced populations
New, nutritious staple crops led to boom in populations
50
What kinds of luxury goods were exported from the Middle East in the Post-Classical Era?
Rugs/carpets, glassware, incense, steel weapons
Horses, leather, wool textiles
Silk, porcelain, jade, laquerware
Spices, cotton textiles, ivory
51
How did empires increase tax revenues to fund growing militaries and construction projects?
Sponsoring joint-stock companies
Tax farming, increasing tribute, and tariffs from trade
Reducing taxes to encourage more trade volumes
Deregulating trade to make markets free
52
What form of state allowed for the centralization of authority at the expense of local lords in the Early Modern Era?
absolute monarchies
constitutional monarchies
Democratic republics
Feudal states
53
CONTEXT: Which of the following major developments did NOT occur during the Modern Era?
Global Conflicts that Weakened Empires
The Rise of Nationalism through Revolutions
Global Migrations Intensify
Industrialization of the Economy
54
Which diasporic community introduced Mahayana Buddhism to Southeast Asia in the Post-Classical Era?
The Jews
The Indians and Malays
The Arabs
The Chinese
55
What AP World Region is identified on this map in PURPLE?
East Africa
Middle East
West Africa
Noth Africa
56
As religious devotion grew, so did states using religious warfare to accomplish goals. Which is NOT a religious war?
Reconquista of Spain
Jihad of Middle East and N. Africa
The Crusades
The Great Schism
57
Which of the following nation-states unified in the Modern Era from fragmented kingdoms and city-states?
Canada and Australia
Greece and Serbia
Mexico and Argentina
Germany and Italy
58
What AP World Region is identified on this map in ORANGE?
North America
Mesoamerica
South America
Latin America
59
Which of the following is an example of how states/empires facilitated commerce in the Post-Classical Era?
Merchant construction of caravanserai
Expanding tax farming privileges to local nobles
Song expansion of the Grand Canal
Hiring of privateers to raid rival shipping routes
60
The Trans-Pacific Network was the first to link multiple regions globally through the trade of WHAT mined commodity?
Copper
Diamonds
Gold
Silver
61
Aside from the first transoceanic voyages of Spain and Portugal, all of these states colonized the Americas EXCEPT:
The Netherlands (Dutch)
The English/British
The Germans
The French
62
Colonial economies depended on coerced labor systems to operate mines and cash-crop plantations including all EXCEPT:
The mita system
Convict Labor
The Encomienda/Hacienda
Indentured Servitude
63
The rapid diffusion of the Black Death in the 1300s reveals WHAT characteristic of the Post-Classical Era?
States were too small and decentralized to respond to the pandemic
Secular thinking became more popular
Regions were isolated and influenced very little by trade
Pathogens diffused along well-integrated networks
64
Which of the following describes the Atlantic System (a.k.a. Triangular Trade) accurately?
Manufactured goods exported from Americas
Luxuries exported from Asia
Raw Materials exported from Americas
Slaves exported from Europe
65
Which of the following regions experienced a decentralization of political authority after c.600 CE?
Middle East
Europe
West Africa
East Asia
66
How were Sub-Saharan African kingdoms (like Kongo and Asante) impacted by European trading posts there?
Europeans quickly colonized these regions
Warfare between them grew as demand for slaves increased
African states united to repel Europeans
Europeans refused to deal with African states
67
The travels of Marco Polo, Ibn Battuta, and Margery Kempe illustrate WHAT process from c.1200-1450?
Isolation by states prevailed
Xenophobia led to more restrictions on trade
Travelers feared the influence of foreign cultures
Long-distance travel was becoming more common
68
Which of the following Early Modern empires did NOT have a political, economic, and/or religious rivalry?
Russia and Spain
Spain and Portugal
Ottomans and Safavids
England (Britain) and France
69
Which of the following states incorporated a more elaborate centralization through the use of a scholar-bureaucracy?
Kingdom of France
Maya City-States
Song Empire
Delhi Sultanate
70
The biological transfer of plants, animals, and diseases is known as the...
The Great Dying
The Triangular Trade Network
The Columbian Exchange
The Atlantic Circuit
71
All of these were Land-Based Early Modern Empires that used gunpowder and absolutism to expand EXCEPT:
The Ottoman Empire
The Portuguese Empire
The Russian Empire
The Qing/Manchu Empire
72
The market share of which of the following regions increases the greatest due to industrialization after 1750?
Middle East
W Europe and the US
India/ South Asia
China/ East Asia
73
Extreme devotion to one's ethnic, cultural group to create new states/patriotism is called...
Nationalism
Colonization
Patriotism
Imperialism
74
Which of the following is an example of a land-based empire being challenged by local populations?
Pugachev's Rebellion
Ana Nzinga's Revolt
The Fronde
King Phillip's War
75
The casta system created a new group of elites known as _________ that used racial ideologies to cement their power.
Mestizos
Creoles
Mulattoes
Peninsulares
76
Which of the following is NOT an example of an advancement made in gunpowder techs. from 1450-1750?
Ship-mounted cannons (ie. Galleons)
Machine guns and rifles
Bombard cannons
Star forts
77
How was the economy of Post-Classical Europe organized?
Serfdom labor on agricultural manors
Large cash-crop plantations using slave labor
Mostly free peasant farmers
A craft and manufacturing based economy based on exports
78
What technologies diffuse in the Post-Classical Era that have the MOST significant impact on suceeding eras?
Champa rice and silk production
Steel metallurgy and the stirrup
Stone castle-building and the wind mill
Gunpowder and Paper-making/printing
79
Which revolution became the only successful slave revolt in world history to est. a new nation-state?
The Latin American Revolution
The (North) American Revolution
The Haitian Revolution
The French Revolution
80
What kinds of goods were primarily traded along the interregional exchange networks?
Inferior Goods
Luxury Goods
Staple Goods
Manufactured Goods
81
All of the following factors contributed to industrialization in the late 1700s EXCEPT:
A large population
Accumulation of capital investment
Access to raw material such as coal, timber, iron
Availability of a labor force
82
Why do world historians say the Crusades was MOST significant?
It re-integrated Europe into larger networks of exchange
It unified Christians and Muslims
It depopulated Europe's elites
It fragmented the power of the Byzantine Empire
83
Christianity was transformed in ALL of the following ways from c.1450-1750 EXCEPT:
The Crusades united Christians against Muslims
Syncretic religions like Voodoo and cults emerged
Missionary efforts converted the majority of peoples in the Americas
The faith divided during the Protestant Reformation
84
Which state grew powerful from control and development of the Trans-Saharan network?
Kingdom of Ethiopia
Mamluk Sultanate
Mali Empire
Swahili City-States
85
What economic theory accepted by European powers from 1450-1750, led to increased restrictions on trade and rivalries?
Communism
Mercantilism
Capitalism
Socialism
86
Why did states and empires of the Post-Classical era increasingly sponsor specific religions?
To provide protection to minorities
To provide spiritual enrichment
To unify diverse peoples and legitimize rule
To reduce religious conflicts
87
What of the following is NOT an example of a new state form in the Post-Classical Era?
Feudal States
Islamic States (Caliphates and Sultanates)
Empire
Khanates
88
The image below is an example of what practice, used to legitimize the rule of a monarch?
Tributary Systems
Mandate of Heaven
Feudal Obligations
Divine kingship
89
Which of the following revolutions was the first to overthrow the authority of an empire and establish a democracy?
The French Revolution
The Haitian Revolution
The Latin American Revolution
The (North) American Revolution
90
What was the main idea of the Enlightenment, that helped spark the Atlantic Revolutions of the Modern Era?
The Upper Classes should be abolished
Human reason can solve problems
Traditions should be protected
Monarchs have divine authority to rule
91
All of the following environmental impacts resulted from the Columbian Exchange EXCEPT:
Introduction of invasive plants and animals
Soil erosion from grazing livestock
Increasing biodiversity globally
Deforestation for plantation agriculture
92
How did Ming China and the Tokugawa shogunate in Japan respond to increasing European involvement the the E. Hemisphere?
Waged direct wars against European empires
Sent their over transoceanic voyages to the Americas
Invested in developing more advanced gunpowder techs.
Restricted contacts and isolated from Europeans
93
Which land-based empire in RED on the map coerced Christian minorities to become elite soldiers known as janissaries?
The Russian Empire
The Ottoman Empire
The Mughal Empire
The Qing/Manchu Empuire
94
What years represent the EARLY MODERN ERA in world history?
c.1750-1900
c.1450-1750
c.1200-1450
c.1900-Present
95
All of the following motivated initial Western European transoceanic exploration EXCEPT:
Desire to spread Christianity to new lands
To build prestige for an explorer and their sponsoring kingdom
To locate a direct sea route to South and Eastern Asia for luxury markets
To set up settler colonies to control vast territories
96
All of the following technologies facilitated the growth of land-based networks from 600-1450 EXCEPT:
The Astrolabe
The compass
Caravanserai
The stirrup
97
What environmental knowledge and adaptations allowed for increased volumes of trade in the Indian Ocean?
The Monsoon Wind Patterns
Knowledge of Typhoons
Ocean currents in the Pacific
The Trade Winds of the Atlantic
98
How did the Song dynasty use the tribute system to consolidate their power in East Asia?
To provide citizenship benefits to its people.
To spread Confucian ideals of filial piety
To assimilate surrounding cultures
To demonstrate their status and superiority to surrounding states
99
How did networks of exchange become GLOBAL after 1450?
Eurasia became linked to Sub-Saharan Africa
The Americas were integrated into European empires
Migrations of peoples from the Americas to Afro-Eurasia
Travelers moved from one side of Eurasia to another