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PSY230 Exam 3
PSY230 Exam 3
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1
Which brain structure plays an important role in metacognitive processes such as conflict and performance monitoring?
Anterior Cingulate Cortex
Amygdala
Posterior Cingulate Cortex
Hippocampus
2
To incorrectly claim that San Diego is farther west than Reno, suggests that spatial information is sometimes stored in
long-term memory as a verbal code/description
long-term memory using a perceptual code/description
3
Individual differences in the vividness of visual mental imagery appear to be related to the degree of neural activity
in the hippocampus
in the amygdala
in the retina
in the visual cortex
4
The idea that we categorize objects based on their similarity to specifically stored instances is known as _____ theory.
geometric
exemplar
prototype
feature
5
The amygdala enhances memory for emotional events. Which best describes the role of the amygdala in episodic memory?
Redundant
Necessary
Modulatory
Unnecessary
6
Which of the following is NOT true of flashbulb memories?
People retain these memories for long periods of time.
They are very detailed memories.
They are usually of emotional events.
They are always inaccurate yet highly confident memories.
7
During a coma you would expect to see increased activity in the frontal & parietal lobes.
False
True
8
The N400 ERP is largest in semantic priming studies under which condition?
A sequence of non-word letter strings.
A sequence of words that violates expectations.
A sequence of words that meets expectations.
A sequence of famous names.
9
Which approach considers emotions as discrete mental states?
Categorical approach
All the above
Appraisal approach
Dimensional approach
10
Damage to which region of the brain most dramatically disrupts counscious experience?
anterior (frontal lobe)
posterior (parietal & occipital lobes)
11
Which approach to categorization claims that category membership is probabilistic and based on characteristic features?
Prototype
Definitional
Exemplar
Family Resemblance
12
In general, imagery has which of the following effects on memory?
Interferes with memory consolidation
Imagery does not affect memory
Leads to quicker memory decay
Improves memory
13
Which of the following would be considered unconscious aspects of cognition?
familiarity
exogenous attention
implicit memory
working memory
14
Which of the following characteristics are thought to be important for the neural correlates of consciousness (NCC)?
Neural Complexity
Feedback Loops
Posterior Hot Zone Activity
Attention
15
According to the dual coding hypothesis, which of the following would be best remembered?
Low-imagery words
High-imagery words
Emotional words
Non-emotional words
16
How is a percept different from a picture?
Percepts are depictions, but pictures are not.
Perceptions are ambiguous, but picture are not.
Pictures are ambiguous, but percepts are not.
Pictures are depictions, but percepts are not.
17
Which of the following is true of blindsight patients?
They lack visual awareness in a certain part of their visual field
They are completely blind
If forced to guess, they can perform better than chance on visual tasks
If forced to guess, they do not perform better than chance on visual tasks
18
Which of the following types of task data provide evidence for the notion of typicality and prototypes?
Binocular rivalry task
(Category) production task
Sentence verification task
(Category) ratings task
19
A three legged dog creates a problem for which categorization approach?
Definitional
Exemplar
Family Resemblance
Prototype
20
Schema rarely influence memory for pictures.
True
False
21
There is a positive relationship between fMRI activitity and angle of rotation in mental rotation tasks.
True
False
22
There is a negative relationship between reaction time and the number of links in the sentence verification task.
False
True
23
Which approach to categorization includes the concept of graded membership?
Exemplar
Prototype
Definitional
Family Tree
24
Which level of categorization is learned first and the default for naming objects?
Basic
Superordinate
All the above
Subordinate
25
What is the term for visual cortex damage resulting in no visual awarness, but residual nonconscious visual processing?
Qualia
Blind sight
Amnesia
Spatial neglect
26
Based on image-zooming experiments, which of the following would participants be slowest to identify in a mental image?
the horn of a rhinoceros positioned next to a squirrel
the whiskers of a cat positioned next to an ant
the whiskers of a cat positioned next to a redwood tree
the wings of a butterfly positioned next to a grain of sand
27
Emotion and mood are both types of affect.
True
False
28
Which number would likely be rated as more typical of an EVEN number?
2
11
110
22
29
The notion that mental representations share an underlying mechanism with perception/action come from studies using
all the above
motor imagery
auditory imagery
visual imagery
30
To form a mental image of this picture it would be easiest to think of
A three x four matrix of dots
Four columns of dots
Three rows of dots
It makes no difference
31
There is a positive relationship between response time & distance scanned in mental maps during visual imagery studies.
True
False
32
Brain activity during REM sleep resembles that of Non-REM sleep.
True
False
33
Which is the most prototypical example of a bird?
Robin
Duck
Penguin
All of the above
34
Emotions represent graded experiences in valence and arousal is consistent with which of the following?
Dimensional approach
Categorical approach
All the above
Appraisal approach
35
The subordinate category for this images is what?
turkey
apple
fruit
red apple
36
The Family Resemblance theory contains which of the following?
characteristic features
geometric features
defining features
all of the above
37
The idea that we categorize objects based on their similarity to an abstract representation is known as _____ theory.
exemplar
feature
geometric
prototype
38
When using mental imagery to visualize faces, which brain area is most likely to be activated?
Hippocampus
Parietal cortex
Parahippocampal gyrus
Fusiform gyrus
39
Visual and spatial imagery are thought to rely on the same underlying mechanisms.
True
False
40
Damage to the amygdala impairs the allocation of attention to emotionally salient stimuli.
False
True
41
Variants of which of the following tasks have been used to study affective/emotional attention?
Visual search
Stroop
Dot-probe
Attentional blink
42
Which brain region is most strongly associated with the
clarity
(or arousal) aspect of consciousness?
Frontal lobe
Hippocampus
Brainstem
Parietal Lobe
43
We classify a
penguin as a bird
faster than a
robin as a bird
because penguins are unusual examples that grab attention.
True
False
44
The term qualia is most strongly associated with which of the following?
Phenomenal consciousness
Access consciousness
Subliminal perception
Cognitive unconscious