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JSRHS Bio Final Review 2015 (with cute pictures of my children to distract you) Flashcards | StudBud
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JSRHS Bio Final Review 2015 (with cute pictures of my children to distract you)
JSRHS Bio Final Review 2015 (with cute pictures of my children to distract you)
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Final Exam Prep for Biology
Flashcards
141 cards
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Practice quiz
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Questions
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Answers
1
Cells use active transport proteins to
engulf large particles.
obtain molecules they need.
detect the charge of molecules.
break down molecules.
2
Which of these characteristics is shared by all living things?
They reproduce when one cell divides into two.
They are made up of one or more cells.
They have similar responses to light.
They make their own chemical energy.
3
A kidney cell is an example of which type of cell?
sex cell
germ cell
haploid cell
somatic cell
4
Two products of the Krebs cycle are
ADP and H2O
O2 and CO2.
ATP and CO2.
ATP and O2.
5
Which is a true statement about biology’s unanswered questions?
unlikely to change anything
many remain unasked
rarely depend on technology
few existed in the past
6
How many chromosomes are in a human gamete?
23
44
22
46
7
In which stage of the cell cycle do the nucleus and its contents divide?
mitosis
gap 2
gap 1
synthesis
8
What do the letters inside the grid of a Punnett square represent?
genotypes of offspring
chromosomes of parents
test crosses of offspring
phenotypes of parents
9
The four types of nucleotides that make up DNA are named for their
hydrogen bonds.
ring-shaped sugars.
phosphate groups.
nitrogen-containing bases.
10
Which sequence shows the progression from least complex structure to most complex structure?
organ system → tissue → organ → cell
organ system → organ → tissue → cell
cell→ tissue → organ → organ system
cell→ organ → tissue → organ system
11
At fertilization, what happens to the sex cells?
One becomes an egg, and one becomes a sperm cell.
They retain half of their chromosomes.
Their nuclei fuse to form one nucleus.
Half of the cells copy their DNA twice.
12
Genes that are located on sex chromosomes are called
recessive
sex-linked
XY
alleles
13
Gametogenesisis the term for
the production of gametes.
the movement of sperm.
the fertilization of eggs.
the development of polar bodies.
14
What is the term for the diffusion of water across a semipermeable membrane?
equilibrium
isotonic
transport
osmosis
15
Fossils of marine organisms high in the Andes Mountains led Darwin to conclude that
an earthquake had taken place.
interspecific variation had taken place.
grea tchange can happen over time.
Earth is 6000 years old.
16
The correct order for the levels of Linnaeus’s classification system, from general to specific:
kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus,species.
phylum, kingdom, family, class, order, genus, species.
kingdom, species, class order, family, genus, phylum.
species, genus, kingdom, family, order, class, phylum.
17
What is the phenotypic ratio of a monohybrid cross between two heterozygous parents?
1:2:1
1:2:2:1
9:3:3:1
3:1
18
In a cladogram, what represents the most recent common ancestor shared by a clade?
the node where branches meet
the longest branch
the overlapping of one clade upon another
a mark by the clade’s derived character
19
The basis for the energy in an ecosystem is provided by
producers.
chemosynthesis.
consumers.
heterotrophs.
20
If a gene for flower color is linked with a gene for leaf shape, which is true of this pair?
They cross over separately during recombination.
They have similar loci on homologous chromosomes.
They likely will be inherited separately.
They are close together on the same chromosome.
21
What happens during the process of nitrogen fixation?
Bacteria change ammonium into nitrate.
Bacteria absorb ammonia and excrete ammonium.
Bacteria convert gaseous nitrogen into ammonia.
Bacteria grow on nodules on plant roots.
22
Which of the following statements is true of asexual reproduction?
It produces few offspring.
It produces genetic diversity.
It produces offspring that are resistant toantibiotics.
It produces genetically identical offspring.
23
The more genetic variation a population has, the more likely it is that some individuals will
migrate.
mutate.
survive.
evolve.
24
The central dogma of molecular biology states that information flows in one direction from
nuclei to RNA to cytoplasm.
DNA to RNA to proteins.
genes to nuclei to ribosomes.
ribosomes to proteins to DNA.
25
Which phrase best defines a gene?
basic unit of life
inherited trait
slice of a specimen
segment of DNA
26
Why is water necessary to your body?
It dissolves nonpolar fats and oils.
It dissolves and transports substances.
It prevents large changes in blood pH.
It forms the solutes in blood plasma.
27
Which of the following taxa would generally contain the most members?
class
species
phylum
order
28
The difference in concentration of dissolved particles from one location to another is called
a concentration gradient.
a concentrated solution
saline solution.
dynamic gradient.
29
The main light-absorbing molecules found in plant leaves are called
chloroplasts
chlorophyll
grana
thylakoids
30
At all levels of life, when related parts interact to form a whole they form a
biosphere
system
species
cell
31
During the gap 1 stage of the cell cycle, a cell
divides its cytoplasm
duplicates its DNA.
splits into two new cells.
carries out its normal functions.
32
Using purebred peas enabled Mendel to determine that variations in offspring were the result of
random mutations.
his crossings.
self-pollination.
genetic uniformity.
33
Someone who is heterozygous for a disorder caused by recessive alleles is a carrier.This person
has a dominant normal allele that has beeninactivated.
passes the disorder to offspring on the Y chromosome only.
does not have the disorder but can pass it on to offspring.
can develop the disorder later in life but cannotpass it on.
34
Which of the following is an important characteristic of a scientific theory?
proven by more than one scientist
unchanged by new evidence
supported by much evidence
accepted by the public
35
The water cycle is also called the...
biogeochemical cycle.
oxygen cycle.
hydrologic cycle.
nitrogen cycle.
36
Which of the following statements best describes cellular respiration?
ATP and carbon dioxide are used to make ADP and water.
Sunlight and carbon dioxide are used to make ATP.
Carbon-based molecules and oxygen areused to make ATP.
ATP and oxygen are used to make sugars and starches.
37
Which of the following is the site of transcription?
nucleus
vacuole
ribosome
lysosome
38
The processes of mitosis and cytokinesis produce two identical
daughter cells.
chromosomes.
chromatids.
strands.
39
What is the term for a three-nucleotide sequence that codes for an amino acid?
codon
serine
amine
base
40
An organism that makes its own food is called a
consumer.
chloroplast.
producer.
heterotroph.
41
What is the term for an organism that makes its own source of chemical energy?
protist
decomposer
chloroplast
producer
42
The theory that landforms were created as the result of sudden spectacular events is called
uniformitarianism.
catastrophism.
evolution.
gradualism.
43
A model that shows a single sequence of feeding relationships is called a
foodweb.
food chain.
feeding pathway.
trophic level.
44
Which phrase best describes the process of crossing over?
Pairs of sister chromatids exchange segments.
Pairs of homologous chromosomes exchange segments.
Pairs of sister chromatids become linked.
Pairs of homologous chromosomes become linked.
45
The movement of molecules down a concentration gradient through transport proteins is a type of
facilitated diffusion.
osmosis.
selective transport.
energy expenditure.
46
Which invention played the biggest role in the discovery of cells by early scientists?
lens
compound microscope
eyeglasses
magnifying glass
47
Which of the following best describes the genetic material a person receives from their father?
22 pairs of homologous chromosomes and an X and Y chromosome
22 haploid cells and an X or Y chromosome
23 diploid cells and an X and Y chromosome
22 autosomes and an X or Y chromosome
48
A ligand produces a response in a cell if it finds the right kind of
hormone.
receptor.
membrane.
carbohydrate.
49
Which is the term for the proteins that organizes long strands of DNA into tight coils?
chromatids
telomeres
centromeres
histones
50
Food webs are models that show
only primary consumers in an ecosystem.
one sequence of producers and consumers.
networks of feeding relationships.
stored energy in food chains.
51
Specialized structures that work together inside a cell are called
organelles
prokaryotes
nuclei
eukaryotes
52
A sequence of biotic changes that regenerate or create an ecological community is known as
succession.
factors.
erosion.
migration.
53
Which of the following would be considered the strongest evidence that two species are related?
similar genes
classified in the same order
went extinct at the same time
common structures
54
Decomposers are important to ecosystems because they
are producers.
can be omnivores.
return vital nutrients to the environment.
capture energy from the Sun.
55
Which aspects of life on Earth are accounted for by evolution?
divergence of structure and function
interaction and conflict
diversity and unity
lack of genetic and physical change
56
The maintenance of constant internal conditions in an organism is known as
homeostasis.
negative feedback.
structure specialization.
adaptation.
57
Which phrase best describes translation?
converts mRNA into a polypeptide
breaks bonds between amino acids
recyclest RNA molecules for reuse
produces RNA from DNA molecules
58
The term for a cross that involves just onetrait, such as pod shape, is called a
monohybrid cross.
test cross.
dihybrid cross.
homozygous cross.
59
Replication is semi-conservative. This means that every new DNA molecule is composed of
two completely identical strands of DNA.
one original and one new strand of DNA.
one strand of DNA and one strand of RNA.
two strands that mix original and new DNA.
60
Which process breaks down sugars to make ATP when oxygen is present?
photosynthesis
glycolysis
cellular respiration
anaerobic respiration
61
What is the main difference between binary fission and mitosis?
Two parents are required for mitotic reproduction.
There is no DNA replication in binary fission.
Mitosis takes place only in sexual reproduction.
Binary fission occurs in single-celled organismsonly.
62
Fats, oils, and cholesterol are all types of
cell membranes.
lipids.
fatty acids.
hormones.
63
Over time, adaptations can lead populations to experience
environmental changes.
genetic changes.
geologic changes.
extinctions.
64
Evolution is considered to be one of the most important theories in science, because it
is not supported by the fossil record.
unites the fields of biology, geology, chemistry, & ecology.
was developed more than 100 years ago.
was discovered by Charles Darwin, a famous scientist.
65
A moose is considered to be a consumer because it
forms carbohydrates using chemicals.
uses sunlight for energy.is not in any ecosystem.
makes its own food.
gets energy by eating other resources.
66
Which is a term for a group of similar organisms that can produce fertile offspring?
population
individual
fossil
species
67
Two organisms that are closely related would have
very similar DNA sequences.
completely different DNA sequences.
exactly the same DNA sequences.
no proteins in common.
68
Vegetative reproduction, budding, and fragmentationare examples of
increased genetic variation.
reproduction through binary fission.
prokaryotic colony formation.
asexual mitotic reproduction.
69
What is suggested by the similarity of early embryos of different species of vertebrates?
similar environments in the past
recent common ancestry
evolution from a distant common ancestor
no evolutionary relationship between the groups
70
The process that makes an exact copy of a cell’s DNA is called
replication
translation
conservation
transcription
71
Theterm biosphere refers to the parts of Earth that contain
land masses.
freshwater environments.
living things.
greater biodiversity.
72
Which of the following is an example of a vestigial structure?
thewings of red-tailed hawks
the fins of a shark
the wings of an ostrich
the hind limbs of a house cat
73
The difference in physical traits of an individual from those of others in a group is called
change
adaptation
species
variation
74
Which of the following organisms uses cellular respiration for their cellular energy needs?
prokaryotes
plants only
eukaryotes
animals only
75
A primary difference between transcription and replication is that transcription
proceeds according to careful cellular control
occurs within the nucleus of eukaryotic cells.
happens repeatedly throughout a single cell cycle.
is catalyzed by large and complex enzymes.
76
Which statement is true of a sex-linked recessive gene?
In an XY male, this recessive gene is always expressed.
In an XX female, it is always passed to offspring.
In an XX female, only one copy is needed for expression.
In an XY male, one copy is always inactivated.
77
Hair color and eye color are examples of a person’s
phenotype.
recessive traits.
genotype.
dominant alleles.
78
Which of the following limits the maximum size of a cell?
the size of the organism
the stage of the cell cycle
the number of mitochondria in the cell
the ratio of cell surface area to volume
79
Which phrase best describes the property of selective permeability?
all ions pass
large molecules pass
all molecules pass
some molecules pass
80
A beneficial inherited trait that is passed on to future generations is a(n)
homeostatic mechanism.
stimulus.
system.
adaptation.
81
The basic unit of life is
DNA
a species
an atom.
the cell.
82
Which of the following describes natural selection?
It acts on genetic material directly.
It forms new traits.
It acts on existing physical traits.
It forms new genetic material.
83
Choose the DNA (Not RNA!) sequence that is complementary to the base sequence ACCGTAT?
GTTACGC.
TGGCATA.
UCCGTAT.
CAATGCG.
84
Which two biogeochemical cycles depend directly on photosynthesis?
the hydrologic cycle and the oxygen cycle
the nitrogen cycle and the phosphorus cycle
the carbon cycle and the phosphorus cycle
the oxygen cycle and the carbon cycle
85
A diagram that shows the numbers of individual organisms at each trophic level is called a(n)
pyramid of numbers.
energy pyramid.
inverted pyramid.
biomass pyramid.
86
Which phrase best describes the effect of a catalyst on a chemical reaction?
decreases the reaction rate
increases the temperature.
increases the volume of reactants.
decreases the activation energy
87
Which description distinguishes eukaryotes from prokaryotes?
ll eukaryotes are photosynthetic.
All eukaryotes have a cell wall.
All eukaryotes are multicellular.
All eukaryotes have a nucleus.
88
The term biomass refers to the total
producer-to-consumer ratio.
mass of all living things on Earth.
unused material excreted as waste.
dry mass of the organisms in a given area.
89
Which of the following is a fossil?
a trace of an organism that existed in the past
a group of similar organisms that can reproduce
a structure or organ that no longer functions
a plant that has recently died
90
What holds base pairs together?
nitrogen-carbon bonds
sugar-phosphate backbones.
pairsof double-ringed nucleotides.
hydrogen bonds.
91
DNA and RNA are two types of
nucleic acids
carbohydrates
lipids
proteins
92
Which phrase about fermentation is correct?
only occurs in bacteria
takes place without oxygen
isan aerobic process
uses electron transport chain
93
Most producers get energy from the Sun using the process of
chemosynthesis.
respiration.
photosynthesis.
consumption.
94
The function of the light-dependent reactions is to
form water molecules.
build sugars.
capture and transfer energy.
release carbon dioxide.
95
In an experiment, the condition that is manipulated by a scientist is the
independent variable
control condition
dependent variable
constraint
96
The light-independent reactions of photosynthesis need
water.
oxygen.
carbon dioxide.
cellulose.
97
Which category of carbon-based molecules includes sugars and starches?
carbohydrates
unsaturated fatty acids
proteins
phospholipids
98
Water moves into a cell when the solution surrounding the cell is
hypotonic.
hypertonic.
isotonic.
concentrated.
99
Which of the following is the site of translation?
ribosome
lysosome
nucleus
vacuole
100
The carrying capacity is most likely to change
when resources remain the same.
for all species at the same time.
after a fire or flood.
if emigration takes place.
101
Which of the following did Erwin Chargaff conclude about the ratios of the four bases?
A = C and G = T.
A = C = G = T.
A + T = C + G.
A = T and C = G.
102
Which best explains why the shape of teeth differs according to the diet of a species?
Structure and function are related in biology.
Organisms must maintain homeostasis.
Individual parts must work together.
Organisms interact with other organisms.
103
Where does most of the phosphorus cycle take place?
on fungi near plant roots
at and below ground level
in the atmosphere
close to rocky terrain
104
Proteins are composed of which molecules?
fatty acids
nucleic acids
monosaccharides
amino acids
105
Biogeography is the study of the
different types of rocks around the world.
age of fossils around the world.
environments around the world.
distribution of organisms around the world.
106
Fossil fuels are part of which of the following cycles?
hydrologic cycle
carbon cycle
phosphorus cycle
nitrogen cycle
107
What provides the electron transport chain in cellular respiration with the energy it needs?
glycolysis
Krebs cycle
ATP synthase
chlorophyll
108
Where does the chemical energy to produce ATP come from?
breakdown of carbon-based molecules into smaller molecules
theu se of chemicals from the environment to build sugars
the conversion of ATP to ADP
the addition of a phosphate group to ATP
109
Which phrase best describes the function of the ATP molecule?
constantly absorbs energy
carries energy briefly
converts light energy
stores energy long-term
110
Which phrase best describes the term
genome
?
the genes that make up an organism
the location of a specific set of genes
the genetic makeup of a chromosome
the sum of an organism’s physical traits
111
The jelly-like substance that is contained inside the cell membrane is...
DNA
organelle
cytoplasm
nucleus
112
Choose the
RNA
strand that would be complementary to the following DNA strand: GTAGTCA
CAUCAGU.
ACGACTG.
UATUAGA.
CATCAGT.
113
Mammal and reptile embryos are protected by amniotic fluid. What is this type of trait called?
cladogram
outgroup
molecularevidence
derived character
114
Predation is best described as
two organisms competing for limited resources.
one species benefits and other is not affected.
an interaction in which two species benefit from each other.
one organism capturing and eating another
115
Unlike a eukaryotic cell, a prokaryotic cell doesnot have
a cell membrane
DNA
a nucleus
cytoplasm
116
Which of the following statements is true for
all
cells?
They use solar energy.
They use photosynthesis.
They use chemical energy.
They use chemosynthesis.
117
An individual living thing is called a(n)
species.
organism.
cell.
atom.
118
The cell theory states: all organisms are made of cells; cells are the basic unit of life; and
allcells have a nucleus.
allcells are eukaryotic.
all existing cells form by free-cell formation.
all existing cells are produced by other livingcells.
119
Which organelles supply energy to the cell?
vacuoles
centrosomes
ribosomes
mitochondria
120
Generally, mutations that affect a single gene occur during
replication.
translation.
transcription.
operation.
121
Which process uses proteins to move molecules against a concentration gradient?
active transport
phagocytosis
passive transport
endocytosis
122
Features that have different functions, but similar structures are known as
vestigial structures.
fossil structures.
analogous structures.
homologous structures.
123
If a pea plant were homozygous recessive for height, how would its alleles be represented?
tT
TT
Tt
tt
124
Each level in a food chain contains less energy than the one below it because some energy is
added to the system.
consumed by carnivores.
lostas heat.
incorporated into biomass.
125
Which of the following is correctly written in the binomial nomenclature system?
Canis lupus
Red wolf
Ailurus Fulgens
kingdom
126
Oak trees > mice > snakes > eagles How many trophic levels does this food chain have?
3
4
2
none
127
A diagram that shows how available energy is distributed among trophic levels is called a(n)
pyramid of numbers.
food web.
food pyramid.
energy pyramid.
128
The part of cellular respiration in whichglucose is broken down is called
glycolysis.
aerobic respiration.
photosynthesis.
electron transport.
129
The amount of energy that needs to be added for a chemical reaction to start is the...
bond energy
reactant energy
activation energy
chemical energy
130
A membrane-bound sac used to transport substances into and out of cells is a
vesicle.
macrophage.
pump.
lysosome.
131
At which stage would scientists find out if their hypotheses were supported by their data?
analyzing data
testing hypothesis
observing
describing results
132
Which phrase best describes passive transport?
requires no energy from the cell
requires facilitation by enzymes
requires transport proteins
requires an isotonic solution
133
Which phrase best describes the process of meiosis?
happens only in haploid cells
produces haploid gametes
results in genetically identical cells
occurs in body cells
134
Which of the following are end products of glycolysis?
carbon dioxide, water, and ATP
pyruvate, NADH, and ATP
NAD+,oxygen, and two ATP molecules
two three-carbon molecules, ATP, and NAD+
135
A solution with a high concentration of H
+
ions
is very acidic.
kills all organisms.
shows a pH of 7.
has a high pH.
136
Which phrase best describes cancer?
absence of cyclins
multiple gene mutations
uncontrolled cell growth
presence of genetic defects
137
Which of the following statements best describes the process of photosynthesis?
Chlorophyll builds sugars in the thylakoid membrane.
Light breaks down water molecules & releases carbon dioxide.
Plants use oxygen to make simple sugars.
Chloroplasts absorb sunlight and store chemical energy.
138
Genetic variation can arise from a random change in the DNA of a gene. This change is called a
genepool.
allele.
geneflow.
mutation.
139
Which of the following observations did Mendel make as a result of dihybrid cross experiments?
Dominant traits are inherited together.
Similar traits are inherited in pairs.
Different traits are inherited separately.
Recessive traits are inherited unpredictably.
140
Watson and Crick discovered that two strands of DNA join together to form a(n)
covalent bond.
X in a circle.
nucleotide.
double helix.
141
Unlike passive transport, active transport requires
energy from the cell.
concentration gradients.
diffusion.
vesicles.
