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Review for chemistry and earth science Final
Review for chemistry and earth science Final
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Review of chemistry and earth science topics for accelerated science course.
Flashcards
90 cards
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Practice quiz
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Host live
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Questions
90
Answers
1
What did scientist use seismic waves to learn about the earth's interior?
trenches
ridges
continents
layers
2
The agent of mechanical weathering in which rock is worn away by the grinding action is called?
erosion
cracking and peeling
abrasion
ice wedging
3
If someone broke a mineral into tiny pieces, each piece would...
be roughly the same size
still show the same crystal structure
have the same shape
be metallic
4
What does the 3 represent?
Number of electrons
element name
atomic mass
atomic number
5
When placed in a container of water (1.0 g/cm3) which item will sink?
oak= (0.6-0.9 g/cm3)
ice=(.93 g/cm3)
magnesium=(1.7 g/cm)
6
Which type of landform is created where the two plates meet?
rift valley
oceanic trench
mountain
7
What is the correct order of the earth's layers from the surface down?
mantle, crust, outer core, inner core
crust, mantle, outer core, inner core
crust, outer core, inner core, mantle
8
Digestion of pizza is this type of change?
physical
chemical
Both
9
What does the law of conservation of matter state?
That matter cannot be created nor destroyed
New matter can be created and destroyed
Some matter can be created and destroyed
10
Where do convection currents flow?
inner core
continents
lithosphere
mantle
11
This phase has no definite shape.
solid
liquid
gas
plasma
12
What is the phase change from a solid to a liquid or liquid to a vapor?
vapor
condensation
evaporation
13
According to Wegener's hypothesis of continental drift, the following is true:
the continents do not move
there was once a large single landmass
earth is slowing cooling and shrinking
earth's surface is made of several landmasses
14
Which rock is formed by cooling magma or lava?
sedimentary
clastic
metamorphic
igneous
15
Which element is a transition element with an atomic mass of 52?
calcium
hydrogen
beryllium
chromium
16
What type of boundary is where two plates come together?
transform
convergent
divergent
17
Which rock involves cooling of magma to form?
metamorphic
igneous rock
clastic rock
sedimentary rock
18
Which rock if formed by compaction of eroded sediments?
igenous
sedimentary
metamorphic
clastic
19
A hard, colorful mineral that has a brillant or glassy luster is called?
ore
pure metal
gemstone
alloy
20
What does inorganic mean?
materials made by humans
no materials were once living
compounds
parts of living things
21
Most minerals do NOT split apart evenly, Instead they have a characteristic of:
cleavage
crystal
fracture
luster
22
List evidence of a chemical change?
generation of a gas
no change
phase change
23
The modern periodic table is organized according to...
atomic number, the total number of protons and neutrons
atomic number, the total number of protons
atomic mass, total number of protons and nutrons
24
The texture of a metamorphic rock that has grains arranged in parallel layers is described as?
coarse grained
jagged grained
foliated
non foliated
25
Which type of boundary is occurring where the two landforms meet?
convergent
divergent
transform
26
Which phase is this a picture of at the molecular level?
solid
liquid
gas
plasma
27
What is the color of the mineral's powder called?
luster
streak
density
hardness
28
Which boundary is where two plates slip past each other?
convergent
divergent
transform
29
List the evidence of a physical change?
color change
absorption or release of heat
formation of precipitate
30
What does 6.94 represent?
number of electrons
number of protons
atomic mass
atomic number
31
What is the independent variable? The shape of container effects how fast it evaporates.
shape of container
both answers
speed of evaporation
32
Which rock is produced through heat and pressure?
chemical rock
sedimentary rock
igneous rock
metamorphic rock
33
3rd state of matter where particles can move so fast they are almost independent of each other?
solid
gas
plasma
liquid
34
What is the hardest mineral known?
diamond
gold
talc
quartz
35
What is found in the nucleus of an atom?
Neutrons
Protons and Neutrons
Electrons
Protons
36
The rusting of a nail is this type of change?
physical
both
chemical
37
What is a phase change from a gas to a liquid called?
liquid
gas
evaporation
condensation
38
This phase has a definite volume and a definite shape.
liquid
plasma
gas
solid
39
The process by which natural forces move weathered rock from one place to another is...?
soil conservation
abrasion
erosion
weathering
40
What are pure substances that are the unions of two or more elements broken down chemically?
compound
chemical
mixture
41
A combination of two or more substances that have not combined chemically is called?
combination
compound
mixture
42
What does a seismograph record?
the moment magnitude scale
the mercalli scale rating
the speed of seismic waves
the ground movements caused by seismic waves
43
Order the phases of matter in order from highest energy to lowest
Plasma, Gas, Liquid, Solid
Plasma, solid, gas, liquid
soild, liquid, gas, plasma
44
Which element has 35 electrons?
thallium
oxygen
Bromine
chromium
45
Igneous rock that cools very quickly when it forms may have a texture that is?
smooth and shiny with no visible crystals/grain
multicolored and banded
coarse large grains/crystals
made up of jagged grains
46
Which element is an alkali metal with 20 neutrons?
calcium
neon
oxygen
boron
47
When all grains/crystals in a rock are large and easy to see, the rock is described as?
fine grained
coarse grained
extrusive
intrusive
48
What is the phase where particles flow steadily over one another?
liquid
plasma
solid
gas
49
Sublimation of dry ice is this type of change?
both
chemical
physical
50
What technology did Hess use to map the mid ocean ridge?
satellites
sonar
deep sea diving
51
The first periodic table was arranged according to _____ by Russian scientist, ______.
atomic number, Moseley
atomic number, Mendeleev
atomic mass, Mendeleev
52
When a hot spot produces a new landform in the middle of the ocean it is called a ...?
volcano
plateau
mountain range
53
If I have a pan and I am boiling water without a lid. Which type of system?
water system
closed system
open system
54
Which state of matter is this a molecular picture for?
solid
gas
liquid
plasma
55
Heat and pressure deep beneath the earth's surface can change rock into what?
sedimentary rock
chemical rock
igneous rock
metamorphic rock
56
The sedimentary rock breccia is made up of what?
skeletons of ocean organisms
plant remains
large crystals
rock fragments with sharp edges
57
Which substance is an acid?
soap=10 pH
tap water=7
vinegar= 2.8 pH
58
Which minerals in the table above will scratch quartz?
none of the above
all of the above
Topaz, diamond, corundum
diamond only
59
Which type of evidence was not used by Wegener?
evidence from climate
evidence from human remains
evidence of landforms
evidence of fossils
60
What type of seismic wave can travel through liquid and solid?
surface waves
S waves
focus waves
P waves
61
If you are a rock collector looking for fossils, which type of rock would you look for?
sedimentary rock
clastic rock
igneous rock
metamorphic rock
62
Mrs. Grimes knew that her accelerated students would perform well on the final is a/an...?
inference
conclusion
hypothesis
63
The heat that changed a rock into a metamorphic rock comes from where?
movements in the crust
the heat of the mantle
chemicals in the rocks
the sun
64
Which one is a homogeneous mixture?
the parts look the same throughtout
no solvent present
solvent present
the parts do not look the same throughout
65
Which is the factor that affects the size of mineral crystals formed in magma?
flourescence
evaporation
rate of cooling
elements dissolved in water
66
What was Wilson's theory?
sea floor spreading
deep ocean trenches
slow moving continents called plate tectonics
67
This phase has definite volume but no definite shape.
solid
gas
liquid
plasma
68
What type of seismic wave arrives first and moves like an expanding accordian?
Mercalli waves
S waves
surface waves
P waves
69
The process by which sediment settle out of the water or wind carrying it is called?
erosion
cementation
compaction
deposition
70
Geologists obtain evidence indirectly about the earth's interior by doing what?
estimating temperatures inside earth
measuring pressure differences
directly looking under the layers
recording and studying seismic waves
71
4th state of matter where a gas is heated until the atoms lose all electrons is called?
liquid
plasma
solid
gas
72
When placed in water (1.0g cm3) which item will float?
gasoline=0.70g/cm3)
iron=(7.8 g/cm3)
milk=(1.03 g/cm3)
73
The point beneath the earth's surface where rock breaks under stress and creates earthquake?
footwall
epicenter
syncline
focus
74
The breaking of rock into tiny pieces is this type of change?
chemical
both
physical
75
Which of the following is a quantitative observation?
water falling
purple toenails
five people
76
What is the earth's mantle made of?
a layer of molten rock
a layer of molten metal
a dense ball of solid metal
77
A sedimentary rock made of rock fragments with rounded edges is called?
shale
sandstone
breccia
conglomerate
78
Which substance is a base?
tap water=7 pH
vinegar=2.8 pH
blood= 7.4 pH
79
What is any trace of an ancient organism preserved in rock called?
landform
fossil
mountain range
80
Igneous rocks that formed from lava that erupted onto earth's surface are called?
clastic rock
sedimentary rock
intrusive
extrusive
81
The term used to describe how light is reflected from a mineral's surface is called?
streak
luster
flourescence
density
82
If I have a sealed jar of ice and heat it to turn to water. Which system is described?
closed system
open system
83
Why did geologists reject Alfred Wegener's idea of continental drift?
Wegener could not identify a force that moved continents
Wegener used lots of evidence to support his theory
They were afraid of a new idea
It was a dumb idea
84
Chalk formed sediments made of skeletons of microscopic living things in the ocean must be a(n)
chemical rock
organic rock
igneous rock
clastic rock
85
Which element has an atomic mass of 204?
thallium
zinc
boron
fluorine
86
Which wave moves slower?
P waves
S waves
epicenter
focus
87
When describing a rock's texture, geologists determine the following?
the size, shape and pattern of the rock's grains
how the rock formed
the color and density of the rock
how many minerals the rock contains
88
Which state of matter is this a molecular picture of?
solid
plasma
liquid
gas
89
Heat transfer within a fluid takes place by
conduction
density
convection currents
radiation
90
What is a heterogeneous mixture?
no solute nor solvent present
the different parts are visible
well mixed throughtout
solvent and solute present
