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ESCI 1501 Midterm Review Flashcards | StudBud
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ESCI 1501 Midterm Review
ESCI 1501 Midterm Review
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Questions
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Answers
1
Name the (3) parameters used to assess stream health
environmental, social, economic
epidemiology, toxicology, public health
Chemistry, Biology, Physical
temperature, pH, Total suspended soilds
2
which of the following are the two broad categories of environmental policies seen at federal, state and local levels
pollution regulation and natural-resource management
energy regulation and water management
land management and water management
natural-resource management and toxicity-level monitoring
3
what is ecological resistance?
communities constructing elevated platforms as a result of coastal flooding
ecosystem can recover from damage and return to its pre-disturbed state.
when bacteria change and are no longer affected by antibiotics
ability of an ecosystem to remain unchanged in the face of a disturbance
4
set of moral principles that provide guidance for our behavior is called
Ethics
False
True
5
Which is NOT a negative impact of modern agriculture on the environment?
Soil erosion
greenhouse gas emissions
Increased biodiversity
Water pollution
6
Food security is _________
having armed guards protecting grocery stores and farms at all times
Affordable access to enough nutritious food for our dietary needs is called
accomplishing all levels of the food pyramid
locking up all food supplies in secure vaults to prevent theft
7
overfishing, over consumption of groundwater, and other negative externalities are examples of ________
ecosystem services
intrinsic values
positive externality
tragedy of the commons
8
Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations (CAFOs) are associated with
Improved animal welfare
Water and air pollution
Decreased food production
Environmental benefits
9
Which of the following is an indicator of climate change
day to day temperature and weather change
decreased artic sea ice
increased surface temperature
sea level rising
10
The overall global use of renewable energy DO NOT exceed 10% of all energy type use
False
True
11
The three major branches in the field of environmental health are
Epidemiology, toxicology, public health
Respiratory disease, airborne disease, infectious disease
Biology, disaster preparedness, toxicology
public health, environmental study, immunization
12
Which of these contributed to the advancement of agriculture?
Synthetic fertilizers and pesticides
gas powered farm equipment
large scale dams and reservoirs
hunter-gatherer techniques
13
Measures to reduce the amount of future climate change by reducing emissions of heat-trapping gasses is:
mitigation
True
False
14
_____is a negative externality because the resource is overused and no restrictions to maintain the resource
anthropocentrism
public good
positive externality
tragedy of the commons
15
A ___________ ecosystem is an ecosystem where the water is flowing, such as a river
lentic
freshwater
lotic
lakes
16
Most
available
freshwater is held in
the atmosphere
glaciers and permafrost
groundwater
lakes
17
Raw data, first-hand experiences, or data collected by you are examples of____
primary resources
news article
scientific journal
secondary resources
18
Subsidence
is underground contamination of freshwater sources by saltwater
True
False
19
The process by which plants release water vapor into the atmosphere is called
Transpiration
Precipitation
Evaporation
Condensation
20
Which of the following is an example of ecological resistance
Natural rock is substituted for water-dependent grass lawns
A highly polluted river is dredged to remove toxic waste in its riverbed.
planting native vegetation around floodplains to reduce flooding
trees with thick barks that protect them from wildfires
21
The science and practice of improving and protecting the health of communities and populations is called
Public health
life expectancy
Epidemiology
hygiene
22
what is ecological resilience?
practices that moderate harm or exploit beneficial opportunities.
ability of an ecosystem to remain unchanged in the face of a disturbance
areas with risk of fire is high plant trees with thicker bark
ecosystem can recover from damage and return to its pre-disturbed state.
23
areas underground where
freshwater
accumulates with residence times often lasting thousands of year
aquifers
rivers, lakes, lagoons
reserviors
oceans
24
(CO2, N2O (nitrous oxide), CH4 (methane) are also known as
greenhouse gases
primary atmospheric gases
chemistry
air pollution
25
which of the following is an example of a positive feedback loop?
Higher rainfall from more moisture in the atmosphere
accelerated formation of clouds as a result of temperature increase
reduce CO2 emissions -> cooler temperatures -> increase in albedo
surface temperature rises-> ice and snow melts ->cause temperature to rise
26
________ is the value of something in and of itself, irrespective of its usefulness to others
Intrinsic value
Ethics
Utilitarianism
Extrinsic value
27
Precipitation, Evaporation, Transpiration, Infiltration, runoff/overland flow, condensation are the ONLY components of
natural hydrologic cycle
agricultural water cycle
urban water cycle
all of the above
28
long-term changes in global climate conditions that result in increased temperatures due to greenhouse gas emissions
anthropogenic climate change
ice age
weather
climate
29
Disasters
are natural weather or Earth-related occurrences (e.g. hurricanes, earthquakes)
True
False
30
The two main types of solar energy technologies are
dams and turbines
Photovoltaic and concentrated solar thermal
"run of the river" and reservoir
sun and solar energy
31
The process of adding water to a groundwater system is called
aquifer
recharge
water table
residence time
32
CRAAP Stands
for
Currency, relevance, authority, accuracy, purpose
True
False
33
Which of the following is an example of a secondary resource in scientific research
First-hand experiences
all of the above
Raw data collected by you
A peer-reviewed journal article
34
Which of these is NOT a negative impact of excessive groundwater withdrawal?
saltwater intrusion
lowered water table
faster recharge rate
subsidence
35
Which U.S. or U.N. policy affects the environment?
Clean Air Act
Sustainable Development Goals
Endangered Species Act
Paris Agreement
36
which of the following are two possible sources of hydropower?
steam and evaporation
ocean tides and waves
river flow and stream flow
moving glaciers and melting ice
37
what is environmental racism?
overburdening minorities communities with environ' wastes and few benefits
no community should bear more environmental burdens or enjoy fewer benefits
biological, chemical, and physical factors in that threaten human health
assessment and control of the biological, chemical, and physical factors
38
which of the following is an example of a point source pollution?
a waste pipe from a factory
dumping waste in a trash can
acid rain
runoff from cars
39
the process of soil particle loss due to wind and/or water is called
soil deposition
False
True
40
Nature-based solutions and green infrastructure are similar in that they both
can only be implemented in urban areas
Incorporate natural elements to address environmental challenges
Are always more expensive than traditional solutions
Use only artificial materials
41
The largest overall reservoir of water on Earth is
reservoirs
the oceans
the atmosphere
groundwater
42
_________ is no community should bear more environmental burdens or enjoy fewer environmental benefits than others
Positive externalities
Sustainability
equity
Environmental justice
43
An example of an environmental benefit is
Exposure to air pollution
limited access to green spaces
Access to clean air
Proximity to toxic waste sites
44
The urban water cycle differs from the natural water cycle by including
Precipitation
Sewage pipes and wastewater treatment facilities
evaporation
transpiration
45
Which of the following is considered an alternative energy source?
wind
nuclear
Cogeneration
solar
46
Which of the following is an approach to ethics that determines environmental decision making?
Utilitarianism
Ecocentrism
biocentrism
Anthropocentrism
47
Climate regulation, flood control, pollination, nutrient cycling are all examples of____________
ecosystem services
positive externality
sustainable development
ecological benefits
48
what is an example of ecological resilience?
areas with risk of fire is high plant trees with thicker bark
A low-lying community recovers after flooding by raising their buildings
bacteria change and are no longer affected by antibiotics
limiting fishing amount so the fish population can reproduce
49
Which of the following is most likely to create a totally new supply of freshwater?
pump more grounwater
fixing leaky residential pipes
avoiding watering lawns in the summer
desalinating salt water in large plants
50
Disaster
: Outcome of exacerbated underfunded, poorly designed human systems (policy, infrastructure, consumption etc.)
False
True
51
The sun emits _______ radiation, while the Earth absorbs and re-emits _______ radiation
infrared radiation , solar radiation
infrared radiation , direct radiation
Direct radiation, infrared radiation
sensible heat, latent heat
52
Which of the following is an example of cogeneration?
A switch toggles an engine from more energy-intensive to less intensive
clean-energy resource paired with a fossil fuel resource to produce power
Use gas or steam turbines to generate electricity
all of the above
53
Which of these is an example of a positive externality?
degraded air and water quality from CAFOs
tragedy of the commons
public goods such as roads and parks
waste polluting the water near a factory
54
One Health
is an approach that acknowledges that peoples’ health is influenced by the health of animals
True
False
55
which of the following is example(s) of non point source pollution
agricultural run off
oils from cars on the roads
urban runoff
smog from a chimney of a factory
56
_________radiation is emitted by the Sun
heatwave
sunwave
longwave
shortwave
57
Point source pollution comes from
hard-to-identify sources
Specific, identifiable sources
agricultural runoff
urban runoff
58
Which of the following is a challenge to scientific thinking?
Disinformation
Rejecting the hypothesis
Fraud
Pseudoscience
59
The process of adjusting to environmental change and its effects in a way that seeks to moderate harm is:
Adaptation
True
False
60
The three parameters of determining Soil Health are
Soil chemistry, soil physics, soil biology
Soil taxonomy, biodiversity, mineral composition
all of the above
Surface horizon, subsoil, substratum
