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Biology Midterm Exam (PGHS)
Biology Midterm Exam (PGHS)
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Quiz covering Module 1 of Keystone Biology Exam
Flashcards
33 cards
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Questions
33
Answers
1
Which characteristic of life is shared by all organisms, both prokaryotic and eukaryotic?
Contain DNA (genetic material)
Require oxygen gas to breathe
Have tissues
Produce their own food
2
Which characteristic contributes most to water's ability to move up the xylem within a plant?
Water's ability to absorb a lot of energy without increasing in temperature
The expansion of hydrogen bonds upon freezing, causing ice to be less dense
Water's ability to dissolve many substances
The attraction of water molecules to other water molecules
3
Which statement is true regarding carbohydrates?
They have a unique shape to help speed up chemical reactions.
They store genetic information.
They help substances cross the cell membrane by diffusion.
They store energy for the short-term.
4
When many amino acid monomers are linked through
peptide bonds
, what type of molecule is created?
Triglyceride
Nucleic acid
Protein
Polysaccharide
5
A carbon atom can form a maxium of _____ bonds with other atoms.
8
4
1
6
6
In order for an enzyme to speed up a chemical reaction, what is the first step?
The enzyme changes shape slightly to enfold the enzyme (induced fit)
The substrate enters the enzyme's active site
The enzyme is not changed and can be used over again
The enzyme converts the substrate to products
7
How does an enzyme affect a chemical reaction?
Minimizes changes in pH
Speeds it up
Prevents negative feedback
Slows it down
8
What molecule has repeating sugar and phosphate groups on the outside with nitrogen-containing bases in the center?
Polypeptide
Polysaccharide
Protein
Nucleic acid
9
Which of the following is true regarding enzymes?
pH does not effect the activity of enzymes
Enzymes can only work at a pH of 7
Enzymes minimize changes in pH
Each enzyme has an optimal pH
10
In order to form a protein from amino acids, what must take place?
Atoms must be combined to form a compound
A macromolecule must be broken down through hydrolysis
Monomers must be combined through dehydration synthesis
Atoms must be added to a monomer
11
Eukaryotic cells use this organelle to convert energy from food (glucose) into a more usuable molecule called ATP.
Chloroplast
Mitochondria
Cell membrane
Vacuole
12
Organelle that allows plants & algae to make their own food through photosynthesis and distinguishes them from animals
Chloroplasts
Mitochondria
Ribosomes
Rough ER
13
The alveoli in the lungs are surrounded by capillaries. Why do they both have porous (permeable) linings?
This prevents viruses and bacteria from attacking the lungs
This allows O2 & CO2 gas to be exchanged through diffusion
This makes the lungs lighter & less dense
This allows water to diffuse across by osmosis
14
Breathing is a characteristic of life.
False
True
15
Along with adhesion, which property of water is responsible for the capillary action that transports water in plants?
Surface tension
High specific heat
Low density of ice
Cohesion
16
What type of molecule has a polar head and two nopolar fatty acid tails?
Phospholipid
Triglyceride
Nucleic acid
Wax
17
In a cell, each enzyme bonds with one specific substrate and therefore catalyzes only one chemical reaction.
True
False
18
Carbon can form chains and rings because
It can form single, double, and triple covalent bonds.
It is a large, bulky atom.
It does not need any electrons to fill its outer energy level.
It can form up to 4 covalent bonds with other atoms, including itself.
19
A main theme in biology is that
the way something is built is based on its job/role
. This can also be described as:
Negative feedback regulates homeostasis
Structure is related to function
All cells come from pre-existing cells
Organisms change over time or evolve
20
What happens to an enzyme when conditions go outside of its optimal pH or temperature range?
The enzyme denatures and its activity slows down
Enzymes are not affected by pH or temperature
The enzyme uses buffers to adjust to the new pH or temperature
Extreme pH or temperature increases the activity of the enzyme
21
Carbohydrates can store information.
False
True
22
Which of the following is correct regarding prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
Only eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles.
All of these answers are correct.
Prokaryotic cells are larger and more complex than eukaryotic cells.
Only eukaryotic cells contain DNA.
23
Monosaccharides are linked together. What is the outcome?
A triglyceride is broken down into a glycerol and 3 fatty acid molecules
A monomer of nucleic acids (nucleotide) is formed
ATP is broken down, releasing energy
A large carbohydrate (polysaccharide) is formed
24
How does the rough endoplasmic reticulum work with the Golgi apparatus?
The rough ER packages proteins into vesicles & sends them to the Golgi body
The rough ER and the Golgi body do NOT work together
The rough ER builds nucleotides, and the Golgi body assembles them into DNA
The rough ER sends damaged molecules to the Golgi body to be broken down
25
Which molecule provides energy to power the functions of all organisms, both prokaryotic and eukaryotic?
CO2
O2
ATP
DNA
26
Starch, cellulose, and glycogen are all polysaccharides. They are formed by
Breaking down a much larger macromolecule
Linking atoms to form a monomer
Linking glucose monomers to form a polymer
None of these answers are correct
27
Enzymes work by lowering the _______ _______, or the amount of energy needed to start a chemical reaction.
Dehydration synthesis
Polymer formation
Activation energy
ATP hydrolysis
28
The cuticle is a waxy coating on the upper and lower surfaces of a leaf that prevents water loss. Wax is a type of
Lipid
Protein
Carbohydrate
Enzyme
29
Which characteristic of life do bacteria lack?
Bacteria have all of the characteristics of life.
Membrane-bound organelles
Growth and development
Genetic information (DNA)
30
Which statment correctly describes lipids?
They are made by converting sun into chemical energy during photosynthesis
Many bonds between C & H makes them efficient for long-term energy storage
They store hereditary information in the form of a genetic code
They are chains of amino acids that can act as enzymes or antibodies
31
Which of the following correctly describes nucleic acids?
They are made by plants during photosynthesis
They are made of nucelotide monomers
They provide structure for cells
They only contain C, H, and O atoms
32
Which level of biological organization is the simplest level that can support life functions?
Macromolecule
Cell
Organelle
Tissue
33
Which of the following is the smallest type of
cell
?
Yeast
Bacteria
Plant or animal
Virus
