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Categorical variable association & logistic regression Flashcards | StudBud
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Categorical variable association & logistic regression
Categorical variable association & logistic regression
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1
How is the logistic regression model interpreted?
By checking the residuals
By examining the odds ratios and their confidence intervals
By analyzing the correlation coefficients
By looking at the p-values only
2
In the context of logistic regression, what does a significant p-value for an independent variable indicate?
variable significantly contributes to predicting the probability of outcome
The variable is not correlated with the dependent variable
The data violates the assumption of normality
The variable has no effect on the outcome
3
Which of the following is an example of a binary dependent variable?
Gender
Disease status (Yes/No)
Age
Income level
4
What is logistic regression primarily used for?
To analyze variance
To predict categorical outcomes
To test the mean differences
To predict continuous outcomes
5
Which of the following is a potential disadvantage of using logistic regression?
It cannot handle binary outcomes
It assumes linearity between independent variables
It cannot handle categorical predictors
It requires a large sample size to avoid overfitting
6
appropriate test for the association between an ordinal independent variable and a categorical dependent varia
Ordinal Logistic Regression
Spearman's Rank Correlation
Pearson's Chi-square
ANOVA
7
What does a Chi-square test of independence evaluate?
Whether two categorical variables are independent or associated
Whether the means of two groups are equal
Whether two continuous variables are correlated
The variance within a group
8
Which of the following statistical tests is typically used to test the association between two categorical variables?
ANOVA
Chi-square test
T-test
Pearson's Correlation
9
What are the null and alternative hypotheses in a Chi-square test of independence?
H0: Proportions are equal; HA: Proportions are not equal
H0: Means are equal; HA: Means are not equal
H0: There is an association; HA: There is no association
H0: There is no association; HA: There is an association
10
Which of the following is a key advantage of logistic regression over linear regression for binary outcomes?
It predicts probabilities between 0 and 1
It predicts continuous outcomes
It assumes normally distributed data
It can handle multiple dependent variables
11
What is the logistic regression equation used for?
To predict probabilities of outcomes
To analyze correlations
To predict means
To calculate variances
12
In a Chi-square test, if the p-value is less than the significance level (α), what should you do?
Reject the null hypothesis
Increase the sample size
Accept the null hypothesis
Perform a different statistical test
13
What is the purpose of the Chi-square test?
To determine the correlation between two numerical variables
To test the association between two categorical variables
To find the mean of a population
To compare means across multiple groups
14
When should Fisher’s Exact test be applied?
When sample sizes are large
When there are more than two categories in any variable
When sample sizes are small and both variables have two categories
When the data is continuous
15
Which of the following is the correct interpretation of an odds ratio greater than 1 in logistic regression?
The model is incorrectly specified
The independent variable increases the odds of the outcome
The independent variable has no effect on the odds of the outcome
The independent variable decreases the odds of the outcome
16
Which of the following is an example of a nominal categorical variable?
Age
Marital status (e.g., single, married, divorced)
Test scores
Education level (e.g., high school, college, graduate)
17
Which command is used in SPSS to perform logistic regression?
Analyze => Frequencies
Analyze => Compare Means
Analyze => Regression => Binary Logistic
Analyze => Descriptive Statistics
18
What does an odds ratio (OR) of 1 indicate?
The relationship is negative
Exposure decreases the odds of the outcome
Exposure has no effect on the outcome
Exposure increases the odds of the outcome
19
In multiple logistic regression, how many independent variables can be included?
None
It depends on the data
One
Two or more
20
Which of the following types of dependent variables is most appropriate for logistic regression?
Binary
Continuous
Ordinal
Nominal
21
Which of the following is NOT an assumption of the Chi-square test?
There should be no missing data
All individual expected counts are 1 or greater
Each observation is independent
Expected counts should be greater than 5
22
In logistic regression, what does the dependent variable represent?
Continuous variable
Independent variable
None of the above
Categorical variable
23
Which of the following is a limitation of the Chi-square test?
It cannot handle more than two variables
It is not suitable for small sample sizes
It cannot test associations between ordinal variables
It requires normally distributed data
24
What assumption must be met when using the Chi-square test for independence?
Data should be continuous
The data must follow a normal distribution
All expected frequencies should be greater than 5
The variables must be quantitative
25
In a Chi-square test, the null hypothesis typically states that:
The variables are dependent
The sample data are normally distributed
There is no significant association between the variables
The sample data are normally distributed
26
What is the significance of the regression coefficients in logistic regression?
They show the mean differences
They indicate the strength and direction of the relationship
They are irrelevant to the analysis
They represent the total sample size
