What does DIKW stand for?

Data, Information, Knowledge, Wisdom

What should managers always ask their subordinates before delegating?

If they are capable of completing the task

What does the “just culture” model focus on?

Addressing system issues leading to errors

What is an example of a latent failure?

Poor visibility in the hospital

What are the 3 core principles of error prevention?

Recognize situations, low-risk behaviors, STOP

What is the function of critical event and root cause analysis?

To ensure preventable outcomes do not recur

What is the difference between human and social capital?

Human = individual ability, Social = group achievement

What is an example of information in the DIKW model?

Serial set of vital signs to use in comparison

Why might someone underdelegate?

They enjoy the work and want to do it themselves

What does Principal-Agent Theory suggest?

All agents are inherently motivated to act in interest of principal

What defines a contingency leadership style?

Leader adapts style based on situation

What is a disadvantage of primary nursing?

Requires high autonomy and responsibility from the nurse

What does SBAR stand for?

Situation, Background, Assessment, Recommendation

Team nursing allows members to:

Contribute their special expertise or skills

What are the three basic steps in time management?

Plan, complete high-priority tasks, reprioritize

A disadvantage of team nursing is:

Poor implementation rather than the philosophy itself

Nursing-sensitive outcomes aim to:

Create accountability for nurses

What is the main feature of primary (relationship-based) nursing?

The primary nurse creates and leads the care plan

LeapFrog Group Initiatives include:

Computerized provider order entry, ICU physician staffing

An error caught by chance or a barrier

Measuring against best-performing organizations

What are the 3 steps of the quality control process? (Select the correct sequence)

Determine standard, Evaluate, Act

What is the most common cause of resistance to delegation?

Failure to see the subordinate’s point of view

What does ‘Informed Culture’ mean?

Supervisors have current safety knowledge

What is a disadvantage of total patient care?

Nurse may be unprepared or too inexperienced

How did the COVID pandemic impact healthcare organizations?

Caused supply shortages and increased telehealth use

What does ARCC stand for?

Ask a question, Request a change, voice a Concern, invoke Chain of command

All healthcare reporting objectives are used to calculate what program?

Promoting Interoperability Program

What should managers always ask their subordinates before delegating?

Are they capable of completing the task

Which of these are part of the 5 Rights of Delegation?

Right Task, Right Supervision, Right Person

Which of the following is an example of an HRO?

Aircraft carriers, Space flight, Nuclear power plant

The IOM report “To Err is Human” focuses on:

Reducing medical errors and improving safety

What does transformational leadership emphasize?

Common values and long-term vision

What is a High Reliability Organization (HRO)?

An organization in high-risk environments managing unexpected events

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Deliver Systems FINAL

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Questions 104

Answers

1
What does DIKW stand for?
Data, Information, Knowledge, Wisdom
Data, Insight, Knowledge, Wonder
Decision, Information, Knowledge, Wonder
Diagnosis, Input, Knowledge, Wisdom
2
What should managers always ask their subordinates before delegating?
If they are capable of completing the task
If they’ve done it before
If they have free time
3
What does the “just culture” model focus on?
Hospital reputation
Punishment for errors
Addressing system issues leading to errors
High-tech solutions
4
What is an example of a latent failure?
Not charting
Giving the wrong dose to a patient
Poor visibility in the hospital
Programming the IV pump incorrectly
5
What are the 3 core principles of error prevention?
Ignore, delay, react
Recognize situations, low-risk behaviors, STOP
Work alone, guess, try again
Trust your gut, go fast, be confident
6
What is the function of critical event and root cause analysis?
To ensure preventable outcomes do not recur
To create a new policy
To ensure unpreventable outcomes do not recur
To punish staff
7
What causes most near misses and significant events?
Lack of motivation
Personal failure
System or process problems
Poor handwriting
8
What is the fifth and final step of the management process?
Quality Control
Directing
Organizing
Planning
9
Who makes mistakes in healthcare?
Everyone
Only new staff
10
What is the difference between human and social capital?
Human = job title, Social = trust
Human = teamwork, Social = money
Human = individual ability, Social = group achievement
Human = emotional intelligence, Social = economics
11
What is an example of information in the DIKW model?
A care plan
A single blood pressure reading
Serial set of vital signs to use in comparison
12
Why might someone underdelegate?
They are short on time
They feel overqualified
They trust others more than themselves
They enjoy the work and want to do it themselves
13
What does Principal-Agent Theory suggest?
All employees are loyal by default
All agents are inherently motivated to act in interest of principal
Only leaders hold responsibility and agents always act independently
14
What are hospitals required to report due to the Healthcare Reform?
Health information exchange
HIPAA compliance violations
Patient complaints
Public health data
15
What is an example of a clinical decision support system?
Nurse's note
The Braden scale
Blood pressure cuff
Electronic thermometer
16
What is an omission?
Doing the wrong thing
Forgetting orders
Double-checking orders
Not doing the right thing
17
Which of the following is NOT one of the 10 dimensions of safety?
Teamwork
Supervisors promoting safety
Open communication
Hospital cafeteria quality
18
How common are adverse events in hospital discharges?
1 in 15
1 in 7
1 in 20
1 in 3
19
What defines a contingency leadership style?
Leader adapts style based on situation
Leader uses a set approach regardless of situation
Micromanages all tasks
Focuses only on rules
20
What is a disadvantage of primary nursing?
Patients don’t follow the care plan
Requires high autonomy and responsibility from the nurse
It lacks cost efficiency
Poor communication
21
What does SBAR stand for?
Situation, Behavior, Action, Record
Staff, Behavior, Awareness, Risk
Safety, Basics, Action, Report
Situation, Background, Assessment, Recommendation
22
Team nursing allows members to:
Rotate out of patient care
Contribute their special expertise or skills
Avoid direct patient care
Focus only on administrative duties
23
What are the three basic steps in time management?
Wake early, multitask, write a list
Delegate, organize, review
Plan, complete high-priority tasks, reprioritize
Prioritize, pause, progress
24
A disadvantage of team nursing is:
It is not cost-effective
Lack of nurse autonomy
It lacks team coordination
Poor implementation rather than the philosophy itself
25
Nursing-sensitive outcomes aim to:
Increase insurance reimbursements
Create accountability for nurses
Track hospital finances
Replace nursing assessments
26
What is the main feature of primary (relationship-based) nursing?
The primary nurse creates and leads the care plan
A team creates the care plan
Focuses on cost-saving
Associates handle all care independently
27
LeapFrog Group Initiatives include:
Computerized provider order entry
Use of outdated protocols
Random drug testing
ICU physician staffing
28
What is a near miss?
An event with no harm
An error caught by chance or a barrier
29
True or False: Poor time management can lead to overdelegating.
True
False
30
Which organization is in charge of safety culture?
FDA
WHO
AHRQ
CDC
31
Benchmarking means:
Guessing outcomes
Using outdated protocols
Copying competitors
Measuring against best-performing organizations
32
What are the 3 steps of the quality control process? (Select the correct sequence)
React, Plan, Observe
Act, Evaluate, Determine standard
Observe, Plan, React
Determine standard, Evaluate, Act
33
What is the most common cause of resistance to delegation?
Failure to see the subordinate’s point of view
Miscommunication
Too many tasks
Lack of time
34
What does ‘Informed Culture’ mean?
All staff receive alerts
Supervisors have current safety knowledge
Everyone gets weekly updates
Managers sign off on all procedures
35
What is a disadvantage of total patient care?
Difficult team coordination
Overlooking patient needs
Nurse may be unprepared or too inexperienced
Poor cost-effectiveness
36
What leadership style is strict, makes all decisions, and expects obedience?
Laissez-faire
Transformational
Authoritarian
Democratic
37
How did the COVID pandemic impact healthcare organizations?
Created fewer leadership positions
Caused supply shortages and increased telehealth use
Reduced patient admissions
Ended technology use
38
True or False: NAPs have licenses at risk if they exceed their scope of practice.
False
True
39
What should be delegated: the objective or the procedure?
Both
The procedure
The objective
Neither
40
What task can an RN delegate to a UAP?
Creating nursing diagnoses
Initial patient assessment
Vital signs monitoring
Administering IV medications
41
What does ARCC stand for?
Assess, Record, Check, Change
Alert, Review, Communicate, Confirm
Ask a question, Request a change, voice a Concern, invoke Chain of command
Ask, React, Change, Call
42
All healthcare reporting objectives are used to calculate what program?
Joint Quality Program
Medicare Payback Program
Promoting Interoperability Program
Healthcare Reimbursement Index
43
Who develops standards for the nursing profession?
LeapFrog Group
CMS
The Joint Commission
ANA
44
True or False: Higher sigma values indicate better performance.
True
False
45
What should managers always ask their subordinates before delegating?
Are they capable of completing the task
Do they have time today
Have they done it before
Are they interested in the task
46
Which of these are part of the 5 Rights of Delegation?
Right Task
Right Supervision
Right Person
Right Evaluation
47
Which of the following is an example of an HRO?
Aircraft carriers
Space flight
Daycare center
Nuclear power plant
48
The IOM report “To Err is Human” focuses on:
Reducing medical errors and improving safety
Leadership theory
Increasing hospital profits
49
What does transformational leadership emphasize?
Common values and long-term vision
Financial goals and independent performance
50
How does modular nursing differ from team nursing?
It is less effective
It uses a smaller team
It uses electronic records
No difference
51
What is a High Reliability Organization (HRO)?
A healthcare startup
An organization with low-risk operations
A research lab
An organization in high-risk environments managing unexpected events
52
What are two common mistakes in planning?
Thinking long-term & overprioritizing low-value tasks
Underestimating the importance of a daily plan & not allowing adequate time
53
In disease management programs, the focus includes all EXCEPT:
Intervention
Prevention
Late-stage treatment only
Early detection
54
What is a key disadvantage of functional nursing?
Excessive autonomy
High costs
Low nurse retention
Fragmented care and overlooking patient needs
55
Define ‘Just Culture’:
Encourages and rewards reporting safety info
A legal safety mandate
Encourages error concealment
A model for disciplining staff
56
What is the role of a nurse navigator?
To assist in navigating healthcare by offering info and support
To coordinate facility maintenance
To provide direct financial assistance
To give medication to patients
57
Quality Assurance vs. Quality Improvement: QA targets ___, while QI targets ___.
Past outcomes; current processes
Patient feedback; staffing
Existing quality; ongoing improvement
Hospital policies; patient safety
58
What helps avoid most errors?
Practicing low-risk behaviors
Practicing high-risk behaviors
59
What does Just Culture recognize?
The need for harsher penalties
When staff should be rewarded
The importance of budget control
The difference between types of behavior
60
What are Kouzes & Posner's 5 Practices of Exemplary Leadership?
Organize, plan, execute, review, report
Instruct, analyze, dominate, criticize, follow
Plan, act, evaluate, control, adjust
Model the way, inspire a vision, challenge, enable, encourage
61
What is one reason for procrastination?
The person is lazy
Tasks aren’t broken into manageable steps
Lack of sleep
The task isn’t meaningful
62
Clinical Practice Guidelines are also known as:
Standardized Clinical Guidelines
Hospital Protocols
Legal Requirements
Informal Steps
63
According to the National Quality Forum, patient safety is:
Preventing lawsuits
Avoiding staff errors
Minimizing documentation
Freedom from injury or illness from care
64
What kind of attitude should nurses develop?
Obedience
Assertiveness
Collaboration
Independence
65
Active errors originate from:
Healthcare settings with hidden flaws
The point of care
Patient behavior
Administrative complaints
66
What is the oldest mode of organizing patient care?
Case Management
Total patient care
Functional Nursing
Team Nursing
67
Which of these are part of the 10 dimensions of safety?
Communication about error
Staffing
Non-punitive response to error
68
What is an example of an active failure?
Incomplete charting
Programming the IV pump incorrectly
Faulty bed alarm
Slippery floor
69
Which of the following is a nurse-sensitive outcome?
Patient falls with injury
Nurse turnover rate
Hospital’s annual revenue
Physician satisfaction survey
70
A sentinel event involves:
A small error
Scheduling mistakes
An unexpected death
An unexpected major harm
71
What is the definition of delegation?
Assigning your work to someone else permanently
Giving someone the authority to complete a task on your behalf
Supervising someone as they work independently
Giving someone advice on their task
72
What is Standard #1 in quality control?
Setting standards for effective care
Measuring outcomes
ANA guidelines
Staff training
73
Which of these are elements affecting delegation?
Social organization
Time
Communication
Environmental control
74
Who reinforces annual safety culture surveys?
OSHA
LeapFrog
ANA
Joint Commission
75
What is the STAR technique?
Start, Take Action, Repeat
Stop, Think, Act, Review
76
Which questions should be asked during event discussions?
What could be done to counter the root cause?
Root cause?
Where did the system fail?
Did the patient complain?
77
Which leadership style encourages group input but keeps decision-making responsibility?
Authoritarian
Laissez-faire
Democratic
Transformational
78
What validated surveys measure safety culture?
AHRQ patient safety culture survey
LeapFrog Safety Check
CMS Safety Review
Safety Attitudes Survey
79
The Joint Commission is responsible for:
Accrediting healthcare organizations
Funding research
Licensing nurses
Assigning salaries
80
What is the goal of clinical practice guidelines?
Encourage creative approaches
Promote evidence-based practice
Increase patient fees
Reduce nurse workload
81
What is the best safety phrase?
Not my patient.
I got this.
This is risky.
I have a concern.
82
Who retains responsibility for the delegated task to a NAP?
The patient
The manager
The NAP
83
What are the two main principles of HROs?
Efficiency and speed
Keeping the system stable and learning from errors
Following leadership blindly
Never make mistakes and document everything
84
What is an advantage of functional nursing?
More autonomy for nurses
Improves job satisfaction
Tasks are completed quickly
Focuses on individual clients
85
Which model focuses on doing things right the first time?
Total Quality Management
Lean Management
Toyota Production System
CMS Model
86
What does metastrutures in informatics focus on?
Data, information, knowledge, wisdom
Medical billing software
Legal documentation
Patient care outcomes
87
What is a common reason for overdelegating?
Desire to complete the job alone
Fear of subordinates
Enjoyment of the work
Insecurity in ability
88
What is the #1 requirement for exceptional care?
Don’t waste resources
Don’t hurt me
Be nice
Be efficient
89
What is the main focus of case management nursing?
Cost reduction
Whole populations
Electronic health records
Individual clients
90
What affects our behavior?
Others behaviors
Culture
91
What leadership style promotes helping individuals self-manage emotions?
Strengths-based leadership
Transactional leadership
Transformational leadership
Authoritarian leadership
92
What does MAP stand for in healthcare delivery?
Managed Application Process
Multidisciplinary Action Plan
Medical Access Program
Medical Assistance Plan
93
What is the main idea of Greenleaf’s Servant Leadership Theory?
Maximize output and avoid conflict
Put others first including employees and customers
94
Which audits are frequently used in quality control?
Budget, Schedule, Design
Structure, Process, Outcome
Past, Present, Future
Nurse, Doctor, Admin
95
What is an adverse event?
Causing intended harm to a patient
Making a patient happy
Making unintended comments to a patient
Causing unintended harm to a patient
96
What is a quality gap?
Difference in performance between organizations
A cost overrun in quality initiatives
Delay in patient care
A documentation error
97
Latent errors originate from:
Patient behavior
Administrative complaints
The point of care
Healthcare settings with hidden flaws
98
Which of these describes a traditional manager characteristic?
Focus on innovation
Delegates all responsibility
Prioritizes team collaboration
Maintains status quo
99
Which of the following is NOT a cause of underdelegating?
Delegating the objective, not the procedure
Enjoyment of the work
Fear subordinates will resent the work
Lack of experience delegating
100
A non-punitive environment encourages:
Reporting errors and near misses
More training sessions
Stricter punishments
Less communication
101
What does sigma measure in the Six Sigma approach?
Process performance
Staff satisfaction
Cost savings
Patient meals
102
Who retains responsibility for tasks delegated to NAPs?
The RN
The patient
The NAP
103
What is the definition of informatics?
Computer training for nurses
Analysis of patient satisfaction
Study of diseases through statistics
Study of information & its manipulation using computer tools
104
What does AE stand for in healthcare?
Alert Event
Adverse Event
Accidental Entry
Acute Emergency

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