Research comparing kids whose parents are homosexual to thosewith heterosexual parents finds

there are no differences between the two groups

As adolescents mature, theytend to view their parents

as people with strengths and weaknesses.

Which of the following is a reason for differences in achievementbetween Asian & Americans?

US kids spend less classtime engaged in academic activities.

Since the 19th century, theAmerican family has

changed from an extended family to a nuclear family.

Which of the following is not a warning signthat someone might be contemplating suicide?

Inappropriate affect and poor emotion regulation

As children approachadolescence, the basis for dominance over peers shifts from

the use of physical aggression to interpersonal skills.

The correct order of stagesin Piaget's theory is

sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete oper., formal oper..

Which of the following is the best example of the “A not B”Error?

infant fails to findobject in the 2nd location they saw it

Perspective taking refersto the ability to

put oneself in anotherperson's place

Preschoolers recognize that eating, growth, illness, healing, and death, arebiological organism

they have a theory of biologicalorganisms

A child's ability to adjust their own level arousal and sooththemselves is referred to as

a child's ability toregulate self

Research on braindevelopment in children & adolescents indicates that as developmentprogresses

the brain becomes moreefficient and specialized

The controversy overwhether sex education should be part of the school curriculum centers on

whether to stress abstinence or provide information

A child's ability to adjust their own level arousal and sooththemselves is referred to as

a child's ability toregulate self

The conflict betweenparents and young adolescents over day-to-day issues

does not threaten the basic strength of the relationship.

Mrs. Anderson believesNicole is a poor student and Lynn is a good student who will flourish.

Both be affected by Mrs. Anderson's expectation & meet it

spend more time engaging in antagonistic behavior.

Research conducted by Hetherington has found that the most difficult period for most childrenis

first year following thedivorce of their parents.

Gilligan says females are concerned withmorality of____,males are concerned with morality of___

care and responsibility; justice

Children who are able tocontrol their behaviors tend to express

less negative emotions & more positive interactions

kidsfrom different racial/ethnic background have different attitudes/experience in school 'cuz

school goals may not mesh w/ goals of the culture.

Which of the following isprobably most important in contributing to academic success?

Parents who promote feelings of competence in kids

tendency to focus on onlyone aspect of a problem

Which of the followingstatements regarding joint custody is not true?

There are no significant differences

both promote contact with acaregiver

Teacher expectations andbeliefs regarding a student's potential

affect actual student performance.

Which of the following statements concerning Kohlberg's theory ofmoral development is not true?

modeling of standards as the basis for shifts in reasoning.

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HGD ch 6-16 review

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Answers

1
Research comparing kids whose parents are homosexual to thosewith heterosexual parents finds
there are no differences between the two groups
training programs, and counseling offset negative outcomes.
poor outcomes are experienced when community is hostile
children with homosexual parents experience more conflict
2
A preference to lookat film showing activity matching the sounds heard rather thanunmatching...
perceptual differentiation
amodal perception
intermodal perception
categorical perception
3
The increase in growthafter an illness or poor nutrition disrupted the normal growth rate is
resurgent growth
catch-up growth
lagging-up growth
lagging-down growth
4
The smallest unit of soundthat changes the meanings of words is called a
percept
category
saccade
phoneme
5
As adolescents mature, theytend to view their parents
as perfect, idealizedindividuals
as complex individuals.
as people with strengths and weaknesses.
as controlling forces in their lives.
6
Which of the following is a reason for differences in achievementbetween Asian & Americans?
Asian children spend fewer days of the year in school.
American children receive more instruction in mathematics.
US kids spend less classtime engaged in academic activities.
Asian children spend less time on homework.
7
Since adolescents experience more negative emotions than children, they may be at risk for
antisocial personalitydisorders
depression
anxiety disorders
schizophrenia
8
Since the 19th century, theAmerican family has
remained primarily as a nuclear family.
changed from an extended family to a nuclear family.
remained primarily as an extended family.
changed from a nuclear family to an extended family.
9
Which of the following is not a warning signthat someone might be contemplating suicide?
Giving away valuedpossessions
Inappropriate affect and poor emotion regulation
Changes in eating, sleeping, and behavioral changes
Withdrawal from family andfriends
10
As children approachadolescence, the basis for dominance over peers shifts from
the use of interpersonal skills to physical aggression.
the use of physical aggression to interpersonal skills.
the use of physical aggression to power assertion.
the use ofinterpersonal skills to intellectual skills
11
The correct order of stagesin Piaget's theory is
preoperational, concreteoper., formal oper., sensorimotor
sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete oper., formal oper..
sensorimotor,concreteoper., preoperational,formal oper.
sensorimotor,preoperational, formal oper., concrete oper.
12
Which of the following is the best example of the “A not B”Error?
infant fails to find object hidden 1st place,locates in 2nd
infant findsobjects as they move, fails to reach for it
infant able to findobjects moving down a ramp when it stops
infant fails to findobject in the 2nd location they saw it
13
Perspective taking refersto the ability to
solve problems based onavailable knowledge
put oneself in anotherperson's place
communicate successfullywith others
understand concepts withincontext
14
As elementary-school-agechildren participate more in group activities, they show preference for
same-sex interactions.
parallel play.
opposite-sex interactions.
interactions with teachers.
15
This parent relies on coercive techniques to discipline and has alow level of nurturance
authoritative
authoritarian
uninvolved
permissive
16
By age 7, childrenunderstand that biological differences in genitalia determine gender.This is
gender constancy.
sex roles.
gender schema.
gender identity.
17
Preschoolers recognize that eating, growth, illness, healing, and death, arebiological organism
They classify inanimate objectssimilarly to animate objects
they have a theory of biologicalorganisms
They do not discriminate naturaldomains very easily
They classify biologicalorganisms thematically
18
A child's ability to adjust their own level arousal and sooththemselves is referred to as
a child's temperament
a child's use of mediators
a child's ability toregulate self
a child's level of socialreferencing
19
Defining self in terms of membership in certain groups based on sex, age, etc.is establishing a
categorical self
inner self
social self
subjective self
20
Research on braindevelopment in children & adolescents indicates that as developmentprogresses
the brain becomes less efficient and specialized.
the brain becomes moreefficient and specialized
brain activity becomes moreuninhibited
brain activity becomes morediffuse
21
Positive social conductthat benefits others is called
prosocial behavior.
empathy.
hedonism.
sympathy.
22
16-month-old Seth saw a friend have a tantrum andhad one of his own the following day.
Overextension
Deferred imitation
Assimilation
Means-end behavior
23
By 14,association with antisocial friends was found to contribute tothe tendency to engage in
early sexual activity
substance abuse
deviant behaviors ingeneral
violent behaviors
24
Behavior carried out tohelp another without expectation of a reward is called
hedonism.
altruism.
empathy.
moralism.
25
The controversy overwhether sex education should be part of the school curriculum centers on
whether sex should betaught in school or at home.
whether adolescents aremature enough to handle the info
the role of teachers asproviders of sex information
whether to stress abstinence or provide information
26
A child's ability to adjust their own level arousal and sooththemselves is referred to as
a child's ability toregulate self
a child's level of socialreferencing
a child's use of mediators
a child's temperament
27
The conflict betweenparents and young adolescents over day-to-day issues
leads to more distress for children than their parents.
leads to more traditional forms of parenting.
does not threaten the basic strength of the relationship.
is less common than previously thought.
28
A group at special risk forabuse is
overweight children.
premature infants.
social infants.
adopted children.
29
Mrs. Anderson believesNicole is a poor student and Lynn is a good student who will flourish.
Nicole will flourish; Lynn will suffer
Both be affected by Mrs. Anderson's expectation & meet it
Lynn will be unaffected, but Nicole will suffer greatly
Nicole & Lynn will be unaffected by these expectations.
30
Expressive aphasia, or lossof fluent speech, is a result of damage to ________ area.
Wernicke's
Luria's
Lenneberg's
Broca's
31
Rejected children
are usually the least aggressive children in a group.
are likely to engage in cooperative play when in a group.
are more likely than otherchildren to excel academically
spend more time engaging in antagonistic behavior.
32
Kids with “high performance capability in intellectual, creative, and/or artisticareas”are
gifted
exceptional
intelligent
average
33
Research conducted by Hetherington has found that the most difficult period for most childrenis
1st year following the divorce of parents, but only girls.
1st year following the divorce of parents, but only boys.
first year following thedivorce of their parents.
second year following the divorce of their parents.
34
Chinese and Japanesestudents spend ___ time in school weekly & ____ days yearly than in the US
more; fewer
less; fewer
more; more
less; more
35
Gilligan says females are concerned withmorality of____,males are concerned with morality of___
care and responsibility; justice
justice; reciprocity
social norms; proximity
equality and reciprocity; laws and rules
36
Kids bad adjustment after divorce may be due to their mothers tend toadopt this parenting style
authoritarian
permissive
laissez-faire
authoritative
37
The visual cliff has beenused to study...
depth perception
categorical perception.
visual acuity
audition
38
Children who are able tocontrol their behaviors tend to express
negative emotions to rejected children to relate
+ emotions readily & poor interactions w/ rejected kids
less negative emotions & more relationships w/rejected kids
less negative emotions & more positive interactions
39
The decrease in growth rate after accelerated growth caused by hormonal orcongenital factor is
catch-up growth
lagging-down growth
SIDS
cephalocaudal growth
40
kidsfrom different racial/ethnic background have different attitudes/experience in school 'cuz
school day is not flexible enough to address differences
school goals may not mesh w/ goals of the culture.
textbooks present a standard way of presenting info
schools do not have enough diversity in the classroom
41
Which of the following isprobably most important in contributing to academic success?
Friends who provide assistance in academic studies
Teachers who promote acompetitive orientation for success
Jobs that fosterresponsibility & a mature approach to work
Parents who promote feelings of competence in kids
42
The ability tosystematically generate and evaluate potential solutions to a problem is called
hypothetical reasoning
horizontal décalage
conservation
reversibility
43
Damage to Wernicke's areamay result in ________ aphasia, a loss of the ability to _______speech
receptive; produce
receptive; understand
expressive; produce
expressive; understand
44
Centration is
tendency to focus on onlyone aspect of a problem
tendency to treat two ormore connected events as unrelated
employing a deliberatebehavior to attain a goal
the ability to mentallyreverse transformations on quantities
45
Which of the followingstatements regarding joint custody is not true?
There are no significant differences
Joint custody has greater benefits
Kids in joint custody show less emotional & behavioral
Children in joint custody display higher self-esteem
46
What involves interpretation of sensory information from visual,auditory, and other receptors?
perception
prosody
attribution
cognition
47
Smiling and crying
developindependently from maturation of cerebral cortex
both promote contact with acaregiver
are diff. physiol.states; show no impact on emotional dev.
are both voluntarilycontrolled at birth
48
Teacher expectations andbeliefs regarding a student's potential
function in all of theseways
affect actual student performance.
have impact in art, music, & performance-based subjects.
are not formed until well into the school year.
49
Which of the following statements concerning Kohlberg's theory ofmoral development is not true?
modeling of standards as the basis for shifts in reasoning.
Moral reasoning changes as reasoning ability becomes complex
development as progressing in stages.
can be viewed as an extension of Piaget's theory
50
Attributing lifelikeproperties to inanimate objects is referred to as
artificialism.
causality.
conceptualism.
animism
51
This parent sets limits using reasoning and explanation & displays a high degreeof nurturance
authoritative
authoritarian
permissive
instrumental
52
A period of intenseuncertainty about oneself and one's place in society is called
identity crisis
negative attribution
learned helplessness
egocentrism
53
By age ten, childrenplaying games
regard the rules as sacred and inviolable.
ignore the formal rules of the game.
understand that rules arethe result of cooperation
are not guided by rules.
54
One major concern withadolescents use of the internet is
time spent on the internet displaces academic activities.
the potential for contact with someone you do not know.
time spent on the internet displaces social activities.
kids will find out info they should not have access to.
55
Cross-cultural studies haveshown that parenting practices
appear universal in women but vary greatly in men.
across the globe differvastly from those in the US
are surprisingly universal across cultures.
may differ according to the ecology of each culture.
56
Kim is 13 and directs a lot of negativitytoward her parents. Her parent's are most likely to
decrease their level ofnegativity
seek professional help
increase their level ofnegativity
react with steady, calmreactions
57
Some researchers suggestthat 2-year-olds' attempts to prevent others from helping them reflects
the beginning of learned helplessness.
an early desire to be an “agent.”
the child's attempt to establish a categorical self.
the inability of children to benefit from social feedback.
58
The tendency to use othersto evaluate one's own activities is called
personal comparison.
social comparison.
person perception.
external comparison.
59
Youngchildren are more likely than adults to recover language functions followingbrain injury.
plasticity.
privilege.
lateralization.
aphasia.
60
Mom taught that dogs may bite.Lily hesitates and looks at Mom b4 petting a guinea pig. Why?
social referencing
interactive synchrony.
display rules
conditioned emotionalresponses
61
Research has shown thatheight does affect
parental skills.
college admissions.
chess-playing ability.
impressions of a child's ability.
62
The most desirable outcomesare associated with _________ parenting.
uninvolved
authoritative
authoritarian
permissive
63
Peer relationships differfrom childhood friendships in that they
differ substantially in the quantity & quality of support.
are developmentally less important for social development.
become more diverse & expose the individual to more ideas.
become more intense and involve larger networks.
64
Centration is
tendency to focus on onlyone aspect of a problem
the ability to mentallyreverse transformations on quantities
tendency to treat two ormore connected events as unrelated
employing a deliberatebehavior to attain a goal
65
Memory that holdsinformation for extended periods of time is called
long-term memory.
functional memory.
the memory register.
the sensory register.
66
Peer pressure is
predominantly apopular-child phenomenon
a very real phenomenon
of greatest influence with anti-social behaviors.
not associated with prosocial behaviors.
67
Mom taught that dogs may bite.Lily hesitates and looks at Mom b4 petting a guinea pig. Why?
interactive synchrony.
conditioned emotionalresponses
social referencing
display rules
68
In ________ play, childrenplay side by side, but they do not interact with each other.
social pretend
cooperative
parallel
solitary
69
According to Piaget,artificialism is
an understanding that one event can cause another to occur.
knowledge of relationship between objects & events.
attribution of lifelike properties to inanimate objects.
belief that natural occurring events are caused by people.
70
This refers to a child'spersistent behavioral style and intensity of expressed moods.
Attachment
Temperament
Disposition
Emotion
71
What are Emotional display rules?
cultural guidelines about how to display emotions.
structures that help children to understand emotions
emotions that center on physiological states.
methods by which researchers study emotional expression
72
Rating traitslike being gentle, emotional, & caring, 7-year-old Tommy islikely to say that
boys are more likely todisplay all three traits
boys are more likely to display emotion not gentility.
girls and boys are equallylikely to display all three traits
girls are more likely todisplay all three traits
73
According to Vygotsky,the overt audible speech that guides the child's behavior is called
inner speech.
a recast.
private speech.
instructional speech.
74
By age six, childrenplaying games
are not guided by rules.
understand that rules are the result of cooperation.
ignore the formal rules of the game.
regard the rules as sacred and inviolable.
75
Elevated memory for words at the beginning of a list is called
the recency effect.
altermemory.
metamemory.
the primacy effect.
76
Elevated memory for words at the end of a list is called
rehearsal outcome.
metamemory.
the recency effect.
the primacy effect
77
Which of the followingstatements regarding teacher attitudes and behavior is not true?
Teachers tend to name boys as most skilled in math
Teachers likely to nominate boys & girls as best students.
Teachers respond differently to students on basis of sex
Teachers tend to call onboys more than they call on girls.
78
Early adolescence brings frequent fights w/ family. What occurs later in adolescence?
The frequency of fighting decreases, intensity increases
The frequency of fightingwill increase
The frequency of fightingwill decrease
The frequency of fighting increases,intensity decreases
79
The dominance hierarchiesamong members of a peer group form
slowly but remain stable over a long period.
quickly and remain stable over a long period.
slowly and change several times over a long period.
quickly but change several times over a long period.
80
The development of___________ is a central feature of cognition in adolescence
theory of mind
scientific thinking
executive function
fluid intelligence
81
In general, children in_________ show academic advances over children in _________.
large classes; small classes
public schools; private schools
small classes; large classes
private schools; parochial schools
82
The young child's beliefthat punishment will inevitably follow a transgression is called
moral realism
immanent justice.
punishment by reciprocity.
moral relativism.
83
Which of the following is nota consequence of insufficient sleep for adolescents?
Lower grades in school
Higher rates of automobileaccidents
Moodiness and depression
Early sexualexperimentation
84
Which of the followingstatements regarding sibling relationships is not true?
When older,theyreport having more egalitarian relationships
Sibling relationships tendto remain stable
theyreport more intense feelings of warmth & conflict
Older siblings report beingmore dominant and nurturing
85
The tendencyof parents to express positive emotions and approval toward their children
Biological bias
Upward feedback
Parental warmth
Behavioral rewarding
86
Sense of belonging to a specific cultural group Vs. simply adopting its social practices
Ethnic identity;acculturation
Acculturation; ethnicidentity
Cultural inclusion;cultural identity
Cultural identity; culturalinclusion
87
Which of the following is related to the development of moreprosocial behaviors?
Show children how people in other cultures solve problems
Show kids how to take care of their things
Assigning responsibility to kids that benefit the family
Assigning responsibility to kids, teach them to rely on self

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