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AP Comp Gov Unit 1, Part 2 Review Flashcards | StudBud
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AP Comp Gov Unit 1, Part 2 Review
AP Comp Gov Unit 1, Part 2 Review
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1
Why is divided government less likely in a parliamentary system?
Fusion of powers
Parl. systems lead to different parties in each branch
More advanced democracies use parliamentary systems
Separation of powers
2
Modernization theory is defined as the view that
Few countries will ever modernize and embrace democracy
Significant change is only possible through revolution
Modernization needs apply sci. method to policy problems
As societies develop, they become capitalist democracies
3
When a government buys off its critics (media, rivals, etc.)
Clientelism
Transparency
Cooptation
Corporatism
4
In which of the following ways does a parliamentary system differ from a presidential system?
Election dates are more easily
Presidents are more easily removed from office than PMs
PMs serve for shorter fixed terms than presidents
PMs must command a majority to stay in office, while presidents do not
5
In a parliamentary system, the prime minister serves as
Ceremonial head
Head of state
Chief executive
Head of government
6
The executive who symbolizes and represents the people is the
Chief executive
Head of state
Ceremonial head
Head of government
7
If a state has a low HDI, it means
Low standard of living
High income inequality
There are restrictions on civil liberties
Low transparency
8
Revolution is most accurately defined as
Any rapid change in a society with beneficial social results
Public seizure of the state to overturn the government and regime
Application of political violence by citizens against elites
Outburst of violence in a state due to ideological reasons
9
Proportional representations systems can be defined as
Candidate with the plurality of votes wins the seat
% of votes a party receives = % of seats awarded
Two-round system for referenda and initiatives
Candidate with the majority of votes wins the seat
10
Which of the following statements about revolutions and their outcomes is accurate?
Ideology is typically unimportant in institutionalization
Historical results have tended to view them as negative
Rev. regimes rarely institutionalize new forms of politics
Revolutions often result in less freedom and equality
11
Which of the following is an example of public policy?
Health
Employment
Literacy rates
Life expectancy
12
Prime ministers can be removed from office through which mechanism?
Impeachment
Vote of no confidence
Recall
Initiative
13
All of these are types of political or economic change EXCEPT
Radicalism
Revolution
Coup d'etats
Reform
14
Which of the following is the best example of "government"?
A theocracy
An environmental activist group
A democracy
The current Prime Minister
15
Compared to unitary states, federal states
Improve the sense of national identity
Better unify the national legal system
Better represent regional differences in policymaking
Give more authority to the head of government
16
Which of these is part of a substantive democracy?
Civil rights and liberties
Elections
A strong military
Separation of church and state
17
A person following a liberal ideology would likely approve of
Increased level of state capacity
Economic equality among citizens
A low degree of state autonomy
Reduced competition among individuals
18
Terrorism is defined as
Violence by civilians against states for a political goal
Violence by states against citizens for a political goal
Violence by non-state actors against states for a political goal
Violence by non-state actors against civilians for a political goal
19
A system of government with both democratic and authoritarian elements
Semi-presidential system
Illiberal democracy
Hybrid regime
Liberal democracy
20
The ability to rule/get people to behave in a certain way
Legitimacy
Sovereignty
Authority
Power
21
Which of the following would be most likely to support political violence to achieve their goals?
A conservative
A liberal
A social democrat
A radical
22
How does a PR system differ from a SMD system?
In PR, individual candidates win by pluraity vote, not majority
Voters in PR vote for candidate+party, not just a candidate
Each constituency in a PR system has only one representative
Voters in PR are more willing to vote for smaller parties
23
Liberalism's view of the relationship between freedom and equality favors
Freedom and equality
Neither freedom nor equality
Equality over freedom
Freedom over equality
24
Modern states are built primarily on what form of legitimacy?
Democratic
Rational-legal
Traditional
Charismatic
25
Bicameral systems can be traced back to representation for different
Economic classes
Regional differences
Women and men
Religious groups
26
The change in state policy to include more open economies and less government involvement is
Import substitution
Economic liberalization
Debt-free economics
Social democracy
27
Fundamentalism is
Fun?
Popular in South America
Harmful to a state
Strict adherence to basic religious beliefs
28
Most of the countries in the world are classified as
Less developed
Former communist states
Newly industrialized
Illiberal democracies
29
Supranational organizations
Control defense policy moreso than economic policy
Have declined in significance since the early 1900s
Sometimes pose challenges to state sovereignty
Supersede the power of states in most areas
30
With more economic freedom, people tend to
Demand more political freedom
Decrease priviatization
Increase suffrage
Increase globalization
31
An affiliation between two or more states without a strong, central government
Unitary system
Shared powers system
Federal system
Confederal system
32
The chief executive in a parliamentary system
Is directly elected by the voters
Is the leader of the majority party in the legislature
Must win at least a majority vote in the Electoral College
Must be approved by the leaders of each regional government
33
Which of the following is a policy of economic liberalization?
Government regulation
State-owned enterprises
Tariffs
Privatization
34
Purchasing power parity (PPP) is a way to measure
Differences in social expenditures
The buying power of income across countries
Changes in inequality over time
Inequality between people
35
Protections individuals have against government action
Civil liberties
Civil rights
Rule of law
Civil society
36
Dependency theory attributes poverty in developing countries to what?
Corruption
Poor leadership
Political instability
Exploitation by developed countries
37
Judicial review refers to what?
The ability of the judiciary to strike down laws
Oversight of judges
Elected judicial officials
The ability of the judiciary to introduce draft legislation
38
Which of the following is NOT a cleavage?
Religion
Marital status
Social class
Race/ethnicity
39
Which of the following might be characteristic of a state with low autonomy?
A tendency to resist the interests of well-organized groups
A limited ability to disobey the public
Government pursues best interests, despite public opinion
A lack of influence by private individuals
40
What can be said about the relationship between governments, regimes, and states?
States are more institutionalized than governments
Governments are more institutionalized than regimes
Governments tend to be longer-lived than regimes
The state can be considered the machinery operating the regime
41
Which of the following is a linkage institution?
Legislature
Political party
Military
Cleavage
42
Devolution is the process by which states
Break up into several smaller countries
Increase their capacity
Move power from the central states to local levels
Increase their autonomy
43
The idea that countries with more natural resources experience less economic growth is the
Resource curse
Dependency theory
Dependency politics
Resource theory
44
Protections that governments provide to ethnic, religious, gender, or other minority groups
Civil society
Rule of law
Civil rights
Civil liberties
45
Which of the following is an accurate example of a mixed electoral system?
Voters are allowed 2 votes, 1 for a candidate and 1 for a party
Voters are allowed 2 votes, 1 for PM and 1 for a leg. representative
Structure steers voters toward smaller, independent parties
Voters participate in a combo of PR and multimember districts
46
The ability of citizens to know what government officials are doing and where money is being spent
Patrimonialism
Political culture
Transparency
Civil society
47
A national vote initiated by the government on a policy issue
Devolution
Plebisite
Referendum
Initiative
48
Which of the following has the strongest influence on political socialization?
Education
Family
Friends
Media
49
A low GINI coefficient indicates
High income disparity
High wealth
Low wealth
Low income disparity
50
A diverse fabric of organizations created to help define/advance interests is known as
Civil society
Political parties
Co-optation
Public organizations
51
Reactionaries are those on the political spectrum who favor
Evolutionary change of the status quo
The status quo
Restoring structures and values they believe once existed
Revolutionary change of the status quo
52
An economy where the government controls the factors of production is known as?
Market
Command
Traditional
Mixed
53
Non-democratic regimes are best defined as political systems wherein
The military controls all political decisions
Power is held by a single political party
An individual or group w/power over the state w/o resp. to the public
One person is elected by the state and wields unlimited power
54
A normative statement
Can be used in comparative studies
Is non-biased
Is based on opinion
Is based in fact
55
The expansion of supranational organizations has led to what?
Less global cooperation
Threats to state sovereignty
Decrease in the presence of globalization
Promotion of isolationism in member countries
56
What is an example of a public good?
Clean air
Acreage
Crops
Trade secrets
57
Identify the empirical statement.
"China has the world's second-largest GDP."
"Margaret Thatcher was good for the United Kingdom."
"Vladimir Putin should step down."
"Iran should take steps toward democratization."
58
Which of the following is not required of a consolidated democracy?
Competitive elections
Civil society
Rule of law
Judicial review
59
The executive in charge of running the state and formulating policy is the
Head of state
Ceremonial head
Chief executive
Head of government
60
Which of the following discourages globalization?
Supranational organizations
Marketization
Democratization
Nationalism