Which of the following developments most directly allowed Europeans to travel during the age of exploration ?

Advances in navigation and cartography

Which of the following was the fundamental justification for the Jesuit establishment of missions like in this excerpt ?

To promote Roman Catholicism throughout the New World

Which of the following was a result of the European exploration and colonization of new territories ?

The Colombian Exchange - exchange of plants, animals, and diseases

Which of the following statements about the Reformation can be inferred from this political interpretation by Elton ?

Many princes/monarchs took advantage of religious reform for political gain

How is Renaissance art and architecture different from the artistic movements of Baroque and Mannerism later on ?

The use of distortion, drama, and illusion in Baroque and Mannerism

Which of the following developments best represents a LONG-TERM effect of Christian humanism ?

Religious conflict in Europe until the mid-seventeenth century

What effect did Luther's 95 Thesis have on the future of the Catholic Church ?

Church enforced Catholic doctrine; used Inquisition against heresy

Machiavelli advocates that a successful ruler must do which of the following ?

Act without scruples for the good of the state

Most humanists, including Castiglione would have argued that in terms of gender relations

women's sphere of doing was private and domestic

The Spanish rulers, Ferdinand and Isabella achieved a centralized modern state by doing which of the following ?

Create religious uniformity through Catholicism

All of the following are true about Renaissance society EXCEPT

All clergymen and church officials were bound in great wealth

The excerpts above most directly reflect which of the following ideas ?

The Calvinist belief that the state should be subordinate to the church

This passage reflects changes in Italian Renaissance politics that can best be summarized by which statement ?

Embraced a "realistic" component of rule and echoed politics of ancient Rom

This is Rafael's art, School of Athens. Which of the following MOST LIKELY influenced Rafael in this artwork ?

Humanist revival of Greek and Roman texts

Which of the following occurred in Europe that was a significant result of the trend from 1511 to 1570 ?

Price revolution of the 16th Century, which contributed to economic decline

Da Vinci's choice to depict the man in detail would seem to suggest all of the following EXCEPT

A need to win more commissions from the pope

The debate in these excerpts most directly foreshadowed which of the following developments ?

The establishment of the first Protestant Religion

The discussion in the passage clearly shows the influence of which of the following 15th and 16th Century trends ?

Renaissance humanists developed the values of secularism and individualism

In which of the following countries or regions did lay authorities initiate religious reform ?

England during the reign of King Henry VIII

Ultimately, the factor that most determined the spread of Lutheranism was

The decision made by princes/rulers to either adopt or reject Protestantism

According to Luther's 95 Thesis, how did his concept of Salvation differ most from that of the Catholic Church ?

Luther believed in salvation in faith alone; Church believed in good deeds

What is the difference between the Peace of Augsburg and the Peace of Westphalia ?

Augsburg allowed Lutheranism; Westphalia allowed Lutheranism AND Calvinism

Which of the following was most likely the catalyst for Luther's belief on Salvation as stated in the passage above ?

John Tetzal's speech to convince the poor to purchase indulgences

The primary purpose of this work was to promote the ideals of

Preservation of the security and justice of a government

What encouraged the slave trade from Africa to the New World?

The establishment of a plantation economy in the New World

Mercantilism, as an economic philosophy, seeks to increase state reserves of currency by

Improving a slightly positive balance of trade

The thinking expressed by Pico della Mirandola and similar authors of the period were influenced by which option ?

A desire to rediscover classical works of Greek and Roman philosophers

Which of the following is best supported by the passage ?

Renaissance humanists believed that men had free will and great potential

Which of the following did NOT cause the Dutch Revolt from Spanish control ?

Inflation in prices caused opposition from lower class Dutch citizens

The term "humanism" when applied to Renaissance Italy, refers primarily to the

scholarly interest in the Greco-Roman culture and the belief in human value

The Renaissance began in the Italian peninsula for all of the following reasons EXCEPT

Lack of connections to previous (ancient) civilizations

This excerpt would be most useful to historians as a source of information about which of the following ?

Commercial motives for European exploration of overseas territories

Religious civil wars influenced by political implications

Were best exemplified by French Ware of Religion during the 16th Century

Calvinist ideas would have been most influenced by which of the following ?

Ideals of Christian humanists regarding Catholic abuses

The ideas expressed in this excerpt most directly addressed the prevailing idea in the sixteenth century that

Catholic Church needed to address the issues of church abuses

All of the statements are true about Renaissance art/architecture EXCEPT

Quality of Northern Renaissance art was similar to that of the Renaissance

Which of the following would be another reason for the increase in slave trade during the 16th and 17th Centuries ?

The decimation of the Native American population as a result of disease

Humanism's main effect on writing was

The secularization of literature

Colbert’s attempt to bolster French industry is most evident in his support of

The domestic production of ceramics, glass, and textiles

Which of the following was the most immediate cause for the founding of the Jesuits ?

The Catholic Reformation and the desire to revive the Roman Catholic Church

What was the end result of the French Wars of Religion (1562-1598) ?

Death of over 3,000 Huguenots in Paris, France, Reign of King Henry Navarre over the French throne (converts to Catholic), Establishment of Edict of Nantes; recognized Calvinism in France

studbud

Duplicate of AP Euro Chapter 12-14 Test (Welch)

57 termsStudBud Administration

This is a practice test that can be used to study for the AP European History Chapter 12-15 Test and will cover the Renaissance, Protestant Reformation, Age of Exploration, Politics/Thirty Years War, and a portion of the Scientific Revolution.

Flashcards57 cardsFPractice quizPHost liveL

Questions 57

Answers

1
The first Italian humanist to gain a thorough knowledge of Greek was
Petrarch
Pico della Mirandola
Lorenzo Valla
Leonardo Bruni
2
Which of the following developments most directly allowed Europeans to travel during the age of exploration ?
Advances in military technology
Advances in navigation and cartography
The desire to spread Christianity
The growth of a new economic elite
3
Which of the following was the fundamental justification for the Jesuit establishment of missions like in this excerpt ?
To promote Roman Catholicism throughout the New World
The competition for trade among European powers
To support mercantilist beliefs
To counter the growth of Islam
4
Which of the following was a result of the European exploration and colonization of new territories ?
The growing of serfdom
The Colombian Exchange - exchange of plants, animals, and diseases
The population increase to it’s pre-Great Plague levels
The shift of an economic center from the Atlantic to the Mediterranean
5
Which of the following statements about the Reformation can be inferred from this political interpretation by Elton ?
The English Reformation was the only reform movement inspired by politics
Issues of religion intensified conflicts between monarchs and nobility
Religious conflicts were justifiable to challenge political authority
Many princes/monarchs took advantage of religious reform for political gain
6
How is Renaissance art and architecture different from the artistic movements of Baroque and Mannerism later on ?
The new geometric perspective in Baroque and Mannerism
Works that were mostly based on classical styles in Baroque and Mannerism
The use of distortion, drama, and illusion in Baroque and Mannerism
A human centered naturalism in Baroque and Mannerism
7
Which of the following developments best represents a LONG-TERM effect of Christian humanism ?
Catholic unity throughout Europe
Religious conflict in Europe until the mid-seventeenth century
Religious plurality in France and evidenced by the Edict of Nantes
The implementation of new religious orders such as the Jesuits
8
What effect did Luther's 95 Thesis have on the future of the Catholic Church ?
Church compromised its view on Salvation with that of Luther
Church passed the Peace of Augsburg to recognize Lutheranism in Germany
Ended the practice of indulgences as well as the selling of church offices
Church enforced Catholic doctrine; used Inquisition against heresy
9
Machiavelli advocates that a successful ruler must do which of the following ?
Strive to earn the love of his people
Care for the weak, poor, and helpless
Kill all opposition immediately without consideration of the consequences
Act without scruples for the good of the state
10
Most humanists, including Castiglione would have argued that in terms of gender relations
men and women were equal in intellectual pursuits
women were equal to men in both marital and sexual relations
the status of the women had improved since the Middle Ages
women's sphere of doing was private and domestic
11
The Spanish rulers, Ferdinand and Isabella achieved a centralized modern state by doing which of the following ?
Enforcing heavier tax collection upon all Spanish subjects
Dispense justice to all Spanish subjects
Create religious uniformity through Catholicism
Build a stronger Spanish military
12
All of the following are true about Renaissance society EXCEPT
All clergymen and church officials were bound in great wealth
Greeco-Roman writings were only available to those who were educated
Not all men were treated equally, as richer men had more rights than poorer
Some elite women could gain an education, despite being unequal to men
13
The excerpts above most directly reflect which of the following ideas ?
Calvinist belief that children of unmarried couples shouldn’t be baptized
Calvinist criticisms of Catholic abuses
New Calvinist interpretations of Christian doctrine
The Calvinist belief that the state should be subordinate to the church
14
This passage reflects changes in Italian Renaissance politics that can best be summarized by which statement ?
Evolved from a hereditary model of rulers to one based on achievements
Created an expectation for rulers to be tyrants willing to impose cruelty
Embraced a "realistic" component of rule and echoed politics of ancient Rom
A rejection of religion for a COMPLETE break with the Catholic Church
15
This is Rafael's art, School of Athens. Which of the following MOST LIKELY influenced Rafael in this artwork ?
Humanist revival of Greek and Roman texts
Admiration for Greek and Roman political institutions
The influence of the universities
The invention of the printing press
16
Which of the following occurred in Europe that was a significant result of the trend from 1511 to 1570 ?
The continued growth of free peasantry in Western Europe
An increase of migrants out of the cities
A new economic elite that controlled commerce in European towns and cities
Price revolution of the 16th Century, which contributed to economic decline
17
Da Vinci's choice to depict the man in detail would seem to suggest all of the following EXCEPT
A need to win more commissions from the pope
A weaker sense of indecency
A desire to improve his own artistic abilities
A desire to examine the human form in an analytical manner
18
The debate in these excerpts most directly foreshadowed which of the following developments ?
The Establishment of Calvin's Geneva
The French Wars of Religion
The English Reformation
The establishment of the first Protestant Religion
19
The discussion in the passage clearly shows the influence of which of the following 15th and 16th Century trends ?
Scientific thought was being applied to human thought and institutions
The continued reliance on the spiritual explanation of the world
Renaissance humanists developed the values of secularism and individualism
The development of Baroque art forms to enhance the status of the elite
20
In which of the following countries or regions did lay authorities initiate religious reform ?
Habsburg lands in Eastern Europe
Spain
England during the reign of King Henry VIII
The Italian states
21
Ultimately, the factor that most determined the spread of Lutheranism was
The popularity of indulgences
Luthers translation of the Bible
The decision made by princes/rulers to either adopt or reject Protestantism
Luther's talent for singing psalms
22
According to Luther's 95 Thesis, how did his concept of Salvation differ most from that of the Catholic Church ?
Luther believed in doing good deeds; Church believed in indulgences
Luther supported predestination; Church believed in indulgences
Luther believed in indulgences; Church believed in salvation in faith alone
Luther believed in salvation in faith alone; Church believed in good deeds
23
The “mission system” described in this excerpt was used to culturally subjugate which of the following groups ?
The African slaves who were brought over to satisfy the need for labor
Native Americans
Spanish citizens who established the colonies for Spain
Portuguese who settled in the area
24
What is the difference between the Peace of Augsburg and the Peace of Westphalia ?
Augsburg allowed Lutheranism; Westphalia allowed Lutheranism AND Calvinism
Nothing; They both achieved the same goal just at different time periods
Augsburg ONLY allowed Calvinism; Westphalia ONLY allowed Lutheranism
Augsburg ended religious wars; Westphalia ended monarchial centralization
25
Which of the following was most likely the catalyst for Luther's belief on Salvation as stated in the passage above ?
The Catholic Church naming King Henry VII the leader over religious affairs
The burning of John Hus for his religious criticisms
John Tetzal's speech to convince the poor to purchase indulgences
Election of Pope Leo X, the youngest Pope elected and member of the Medici
26
The primary purpose of this work was to promote the ideals of
Equality for all of humanity
Preservation of the security and justice of a government
Consitutional monarchies
The divine rights of kings
27
Which of the following would be considered "patrons" for the art of the Renaissance ?
Popes
Kings and Nobles
All of the Above
Merchant Families
28
What encouraged the slave trade from Africa to the New World?
The establishment of a plantation economy in the New World
Innovations in banking and financing in Europe
Foreign lands providing raw materials and finished goods for commercialism
European military superiority
29
Colbert and his policy of mercantilism could be viewed as part of the later philosophy of
Nationalism
Liberalism
Socialism
Anarchism
30
Mercantilism, as an economic philosophy, seeks to increase state reserves of currency by
Instituting gloating exchange rates
Improving a slightly positive balance of trade
Escalating military conflicts against trade competitors
Favoring imports over exports
31
The thinking expressed by Pico della Mirandola and similar authors of the period were influenced by which option ?
Strengthening of the Roman Catholic Church authority over kings
Unwillingness of intellectuals to question traditional sources of authority
The Church's institution of the Inquisition to remove heretical practices
A desire to rediscover classical works of Greek and Roman philosophers
32
Which of the following is best supported by the passage ?
Renaissance humanists believed that men had free will and great potential
Renaissance humanists believed that humans were destined to be beasts
Renaissance humanists believed that God had a predetermined life for them
ALL Renaissance humanists were dedicated and faithful Christians
33
Which of the following did NOT cause the Dutch Revolt from Spanish control ?
Netherlands realized that their taxes were going towards Spanish interests
Province nobles opposition of unity out of fear of losing political power
King Philip II of Spain's attempt to remove Calvinism from Netherlands
Inflation in prices caused opposition from lower class Dutch citizens
34
The term "humanism" when applied to Renaissance Italy, refers primarily to the
Renewed interest in the scientific method at many Italian universities
scholarly interest in the Greco-Roman culture and the belief in human value
Anti-religious movement among leading Italian intellectuals
Non-Christian themes that become prominent in Italian art and literature
35
What school of thought did Erasmus’s writing most closely identify with ?
Lutheranism
Christian Humanism
Calvinist
Italian Humanism
36
The Renaissance began in the Italian peninsula for all of the following reasons EXCEPT
The Black Death's force of a change in mentality of the people
Presence of a wealthy and well-educated aristocratic class
Lack of connections to previous (ancient) civilizations
Increased trade with Arab, Indian, and Chinese cultures
37
The French Wars of Religion were focused on solely religious concerns ?
True
False
38
This excerpt would be most useful to historians as a source of information about which of the following ?
Advances in military technology, led to 14th Century European dominance
Competition for trade that led to conflict/war among European powers
Religious motives for European exploration of overseas territories
Commercial motives for European exploration of overseas territories
39
In composing this drawing, Leonardo da Vinci was most likely influenced by which of the following ?
Classicism
Romanticism
Dadaism
Narcissim
40
Religious civil wars influenced by political implications
Were best exemplified by the Habsburg leadership versus Catholicism
Were best exemplified by French Ware of Religion during the 16th Century
Became even more commonplace after the Peace of Westphalia
Were not common during the 16th Century
41
Calvinist ideas would have been most influenced by which of the following ?
The ideals of the Jesuit missionaries
Ideals of Christian humanists regarding Catholic abuses
The encouragement of the Anabaptist doctrine
Catholic reforms that were a result of the Council of Trent
42
This excerpt from Luther's 95 Thesis best reflects Luther's efforts to do which of the following ?
Defend his decision to break from the Catholic Church
Save himself from excommunication
Reform the Catholic Church
Start his own religion
43
The reign of Queen Elizabeth over England encouraged more ideas of Catholicism rather than Protestantism.
True
False
44
The ideas expressed in this excerpt most directly addressed the prevailing idea in the sixteenth century that
Religious conflicts would become basis for challenging monarchical control
Catholic Church needed to accept to interpretations of Catholic doctrine
Catholic Church needed to address the issues of church abuses
Council of Trent revived Catholic doctrine
45
All of the statements are true about Renaissance art/architecture EXCEPT
Italian Renaissance held more Christian influence than Northern Renaissanc
More artists in Italy than in France, Germany, Spain, and England
Quality of Northern Renaissance art was similar to that of the Renaissance
Northern Renaissance was little effected by the Greeks and Romans
46
Which of the following would be another reason for the increase in slave trade during the 16th and 17th Centuries ?
The effects of the price revolution; inflation of prices within Europe
Attempts of landlords to increase revenues by restricting peasant rights
The growth of subsistence agriculture in most areas of Europe
The decimation of the Native American population as a result of disease
47
Humanism's main effect on writing was
An increasing reliance on archaeological evidence
A stress on God's influence on human events
An increasing importance on non-Western subject matter
The secularization of literature
48
Colbert’s attempt to bolster French industry is most evident in his support of
Weavers who had yet to unionize
The construction of a massive shipbuilding industry
Easing of tariffs
The domestic production of ceramics, glass, and textiles
49
Which of the following was the most immediate cause for the founding of the Jesuits ?
The Catholic Reformation and the desire to revive the Roman Catholic Church
The growth of radical Anabaptists, who criticized Catholicism
Monarchs who initiate religious reform in their own countries
The ideals of Erasmus and the Christian humanists movement
50
What was the end result of the French Wars of Religion (1562-1598) ?
Death of over 3,000 Huguenots in Paris, France
Reign of Henry, Duke of Guise over the French throne
Reign of King Henry Navarre over the French throne (converts to Catholic)
Establishment of Edict of Nantes; recognized Calvinism in France
51
During and after the Reformation, the task of regulating morality violations such as stated above was carried out by
City governments
Monarchs
Local pastors
Catholic bishops
52
Machiavelli's philosophy of rule mirrored a secular model for political behavior because
All members of the state needed to participate as opposed to just a few
There was a strict adherence to Catholic doctrine and papal leadership
There was a distinct break from morality as espoused in Christianity
Religious rules for princes gave way to more militant (military) practices
53
Which of the following developments caused the state to encourage explorers to search for gold ?
An increase in the African slave trade during the 16th and 17th Centuries
The shifting power from the Mediterranean to the Atlantic states
The rise of mercantilism, which gave the state a role in commercial affairs
Innovations in banking and finance that promoted a money economy
54
Which of the following was MOST supportive of Luther's condemnation of the Catholic Church ?
King Henry VII
The Bishops
The German princes
Holy Roman Empire ruler, Charles V
55
How did the Catholic Church ultimately respond to the charges leveled against it during the Reformation ?
By accepting to new interpretations of both Lutheranism and Calvinism
By enacting reform through the Council of Trent
Agreeing to give monarchs/princes more power to implement religious reform
By helping spread Catholic faith outside of Europe
56
What was the INITIAL reaction of Pope Leo X to the posting of Luther's 95 Thesis ?
He called upon church officials for the Council of Trent
He immediately excommunicated Luther from the Catholic Church
Claimed the power of the Catholic Church and condemned Luther's criticisms
He called Tetzal from Germany and condemned him for his sale of indulgences
57
Despite Colbert’s mercantilistic policies, the royal coffers continued to remain empty largely as a result of
A spendthrift king
The rise of Spain as a navel power
A series of expensive and fruitless wars
Large peasant revolts that needed to be put down

Duplicate of AP Euro Chapter 12-14 Test (Welch) Flashcards | StudBud

Duplicate of AP Euro Chapter 12-14 Test (Welch)

57 termsStudBud Administration

Flashcards57 cardsFPractice quizPHost liveL

Questions 57

Answers

1
The first Italian humanist to gain a thorough knowledge of Greek was
Petrarch
Pico della Mirandola
Lorenzo Valla
Leonardo Bruni
2
Which of the following developments most directly allowed Europeans to travel during the age of exploration ?
Advances in military technology
Advances in navigation and cartography
The desire to spread Christianity
The growth of a new economic elite
3
Which of the following was the fundamental justification for the Jesuit establishment of missions like in this excerpt ?
To promote Roman Catholicism throughout the New World
The competition for trade among European powers
To support mercantilist beliefs
To counter the growth of Islam
4
Which of the following was a result of the European exploration and colonization of new territories ?
The growing of serfdom
The Colombian Exchange - exchange of plants, animals, and diseases
The population increase to it’s pre-Great Plague levels
The shift of an economic center from the Atlantic to the Mediterranean
5
Which of the following statements about the Reformation can be inferred from this political interpretation by Elton ?
The English Reformation was the only reform movement inspired by politics
Issues of religion intensified conflicts between monarchs and nobility
Religious conflicts were justifiable to challenge political authority
Many princes/monarchs took advantage of religious reform for political gain
6
How is Renaissance art and architecture different from the artistic movements of Baroque and Mannerism later on ?
The new geometric perspective in Baroque and Mannerism
Works that were mostly based on classical styles in Baroque and Mannerism
The use of distortion, drama, and illusion in Baroque and Mannerism
A human centered naturalism in Baroque and Mannerism
7
Which of the following developments best represents a LONG-TERM effect of Christian humanism ?
Catholic unity throughout Europe
Religious conflict in Europe until the mid-seventeenth century
Religious plurality in France and evidenced by the Edict of Nantes
The implementation of new religious orders such as the Jesuits
8
What effect did Luther's 95 Thesis have on the future of the Catholic Church ?
Church compromised its view on Salvation with that of Luther
Church passed the Peace of Augsburg to recognize Lutheranism in Germany
Ended the practice of indulgences as well as the selling of church offices
Church enforced Catholic doctrine; used Inquisition against heresy
9
Machiavelli advocates that a successful ruler must do which of the following ?
Strive to earn the love of his people
Care for the weak, poor, and helpless
Kill all opposition immediately without consideration of the consequences
Act without scruples for the good of the state
10
Most humanists, including Castiglione would have argued that in terms of gender relations
men and women were equal in intellectual pursuits
women were equal to men in both marital and sexual relations
the status of the women had improved since the Middle Ages
women's sphere of doing was private and domestic
11
The Spanish rulers, Ferdinand and Isabella achieved a centralized modern state by doing which of the following ?
Enforcing heavier tax collection upon all Spanish subjects
Dispense justice to all Spanish subjects
Create religious uniformity through Catholicism
Build a stronger Spanish military
12
All of the following are true about Renaissance society EXCEPT
All clergymen and church officials were bound in great wealth
Greeco-Roman writings were only available to those who were educated
Not all men were treated equally, as richer men had more rights than poorer
Some elite women could gain an education, despite being unequal to men
13
The excerpts above most directly reflect which of the following ideas ?
Calvinist belief that children of unmarried couples shouldn’t be baptized
Calvinist criticisms of Catholic abuses
New Calvinist interpretations of Christian doctrine
The Calvinist belief that the state should be subordinate to the church
14
This passage reflects changes in Italian Renaissance politics that can best be summarized by which statement ?
Evolved from a hereditary model of rulers to one based on achievements
Created an expectation for rulers to be tyrants willing to impose cruelty
Embraced a "realistic" component of rule and echoed politics of ancient Rom
A rejection of religion for a COMPLETE break with the Catholic Church
15
This is Rafael's art, School of Athens. Which of the following MOST LIKELY influenced Rafael in this artwork ?
Humanist revival of Greek and Roman texts
Admiration for Greek and Roman political institutions
The influence of the universities
The invention of the printing press
16
Which of the following occurred in Europe that was a significant result of the trend from 1511 to 1570 ?
The continued growth of free peasantry in Western Europe
An increase of migrants out of the cities
A new economic elite that controlled commerce in European towns and cities
Price revolution of the 16th Century, which contributed to economic decline
17
Da Vinci's choice to depict the man in detail would seem to suggest all of the following EXCEPT
A need to win more commissions from the pope
A weaker sense of indecency
A desire to improve his own artistic abilities
A desire to examine the human form in an analytical manner
18
The debate in these excerpts most directly foreshadowed which of the following developments ?
The Establishment of Calvin's Geneva
The French Wars of Religion
The English Reformation
The establishment of the first Protestant Religion
19
The discussion in the passage clearly shows the influence of which of the following 15th and 16th Century trends ?
Scientific thought was being applied to human thought and institutions
The continued reliance on the spiritual explanation of the world
Renaissance humanists developed the values of secularism and individualism
The development of Baroque art forms to enhance the status of the elite
20
In which of the following countries or regions did lay authorities initiate religious reform ?
Habsburg lands in Eastern Europe
Spain
England during the reign of King Henry VIII
The Italian states
21
Ultimately, the factor that most determined the spread of Lutheranism was
The popularity of indulgences
Luthers translation of the Bible
The decision made by princes/rulers to either adopt or reject Protestantism
Luther's talent for singing psalms
22
According to Luther's 95 Thesis, how did his concept of Salvation differ most from that of the Catholic Church ?
Luther believed in doing good deeds; Church believed in indulgences
Luther supported predestination; Church believed in indulgences
Luther believed in indulgences; Church believed in salvation in faith alone
Luther believed in salvation in faith alone; Church believed in good deeds
23
The “mission system” described in this excerpt was used to culturally subjugate which of the following groups ?
The African slaves who were brought over to satisfy the need for labor
Native Americans
Spanish citizens who established the colonies for Spain
Portuguese who settled in the area
24
What is the difference between the Peace of Augsburg and the Peace of Westphalia ?
Augsburg allowed Lutheranism; Westphalia allowed Lutheranism AND Calvinism
Nothing; They both achieved the same goal just at different time periods
Augsburg ONLY allowed Calvinism; Westphalia ONLY allowed Lutheranism
Augsburg ended religious wars; Westphalia ended monarchial centralization
25
Which of the following was most likely the catalyst for Luther's belief on Salvation as stated in the passage above ?
The Catholic Church naming King Henry VII the leader over religious affairs
The burning of John Hus for his religious criticisms
John Tetzal's speech to convince the poor to purchase indulgences
Election of Pope Leo X, the youngest Pope elected and member of the Medici
26
The primary purpose of this work was to promote the ideals of
Equality for all of humanity
Preservation of the security and justice of a government
Consitutional monarchies
The divine rights of kings
27
Which of the following would be considered "patrons" for the art of the Renaissance ?
Popes
Kings and Nobles
All of the Above
Merchant Families
28
What encouraged the slave trade from Africa to the New World?
The establishment of a plantation economy in the New World
Innovations in banking and financing in Europe
Foreign lands providing raw materials and finished goods for commercialism
European military superiority
29
Colbert and his policy of mercantilism could be viewed as part of the later philosophy of
Nationalism
Liberalism
Socialism
Anarchism
30
Mercantilism, as an economic philosophy, seeks to increase state reserves of currency by
Instituting gloating exchange rates
Improving a slightly positive balance of trade
Escalating military conflicts against trade competitors
Favoring imports over exports
31
The thinking expressed by Pico della Mirandola and similar authors of the period were influenced by which option ?
Strengthening of the Roman Catholic Church authority over kings
Unwillingness of intellectuals to question traditional sources of authority
The Church's institution of the Inquisition to remove heretical practices
A desire to rediscover classical works of Greek and Roman philosophers
32
Which of the following is best supported by the passage ?
Renaissance humanists believed that men had free will and great potential
Renaissance humanists believed that humans were destined to be beasts
Renaissance humanists believed that God had a predetermined life for them
ALL Renaissance humanists were dedicated and faithful Christians
33
Which of the following did NOT cause the Dutch Revolt from Spanish control ?
Netherlands realized that their taxes were going towards Spanish interests
Province nobles opposition of unity out of fear of losing political power
King Philip II of Spain's attempt to remove Calvinism from Netherlands
Inflation in prices caused opposition from lower class Dutch citizens
34
The term "humanism" when applied to Renaissance Italy, refers primarily to the
Renewed interest in the scientific method at many Italian universities
scholarly interest in the Greco-Roman culture and the belief in human value
Anti-religious movement among leading Italian intellectuals
Non-Christian themes that become prominent in Italian art and literature
35
What school of thought did Erasmus’s writing most closely identify with ?
Lutheranism
Christian Humanism
Calvinist
Italian Humanism
36
The Renaissance began in the Italian peninsula for all of the following reasons EXCEPT
The Black Death's force of a change in mentality of the people
Presence of a wealthy and well-educated aristocratic class
Lack of connections to previous (ancient) civilizations
Increased trade with Arab, Indian, and Chinese cultures
37
The French Wars of Religion were focused on solely religious concerns ?
True
False
38
This excerpt would be most useful to historians as a source of information about which of the following ?
Advances in military technology, led to 14th Century European dominance
Competition for trade that led to conflict/war among European powers
Religious motives for European exploration of overseas territories
Commercial motives for European exploration of overseas territories
39
In composing this drawing, Leonardo da Vinci was most likely influenced by which of the following ?
Classicism
Romanticism
Dadaism
Narcissim
40
Religious civil wars influenced by political implications
Were best exemplified by the Habsburg leadership versus Catholicism
Were best exemplified by French Ware of Religion during the 16th Century
Became even more commonplace after the Peace of Westphalia
Were not common during the 16th Century
41
Calvinist ideas would have been most influenced by which of the following ?
The ideals of the Jesuit missionaries
Ideals of Christian humanists regarding Catholic abuses
The encouragement of the Anabaptist doctrine
Catholic reforms that were a result of the Council of Trent
42
This excerpt from Luther's 95 Thesis best reflects Luther's efforts to do which of the following ?
Defend his decision to break from the Catholic Church
Save himself from excommunication
Reform the Catholic Church
Start his own religion
43
The reign of Queen Elizabeth over England encouraged more ideas of Catholicism rather than Protestantism.
True
False
44
The ideas expressed in this excerpt most directly addressed the prevailing idea in the sixteenth century that
Religious conflicts would become basis for challenging monarchical control
Catholic Church needed to accept to interpretations of Catholic doctrine
Catholic Church needed to address the issues of church abuses
Council of Trent revived Catholic doctrine
45
All of the statements are true about Renaissance art/architecture EXCEPT
Italian Renaissance held more Christian influence than Northern Renaissanc
More artists in Italy than in France, Germany, Spain, and England
Quality of Northern Renaissance art was similar to that of the Renaissance
Northern Renaissance was little effected by the Greeks and Romans
46
Which of the following would be another reason for the increase in slave trade during the 16th and 17th Centuries ?
The effects of the price revolution; inflation of prices within Europe
Attempts of landlords to increase revenues by restricting peasant rights
The growth of subsistence agriculture in most areas of Europe
The decimation of the Native American population as a result of disease
47
Humanism's main effect on writing was
An increasing reliance on archaeological evidence
A stress on God's influence on human events
An increasing importance on non-Western subject matter
The secularization of literature
48
Colbert’s attempt to bolster French industry is most evident in his support of
Weavers who had yet to unionize
The construction of a massive shipbuilding industry
Easing of tariffs
The domestic production of ceramics, glass, and textiles
49
Which of the following was the most immediate cause for the founding of the Jesuits ?
The Catholic Reformation and the desire to revive the Roman Catholic Church
The growth of radical Anabaptists, who criticized Catholicism
Monarchs who initiate religious reform in their own countries
The ideals of Erasmus and the Christian humanists movement
50
What was the end result of the French Wars of Religion (1562-1598) ?
Death of over 3,000 Huguenots in Paris, France
Reign of Henry, Duke of Guise over the French throne
Reign of King Henry Navarre over the French throne (converts to Catholic)
Establishment of Edict of Nantes; recognized Calvinism in France
51
During and after the Reformation, the task of regulating morality violations such as stated above was carried out by
City governments
Monarchs
Local pastors
Catholic bishops
52
Machiavelli's philosophy of rule mirrored a secular model for political behavior because
All members of the state needed to participate as opposed to just a few
There was a strict adherence to Catholic doctrine and papal leadership
There was a distinct break from morality as espoused in Christianity
Religious rules for princes gave way to more militant (military) practices
53
Which of the following developments caused the state to encourage explorers to search for gold ?
An increase in the African slave trade during the 16th and 17th Centuries
The shifting power from the Mediterranean to the Atlantic states
The rise of mercantilism, which gave the state a role in commercial affairs
Innovations in banking and finance that promoted a money economy
54
Which of the following was MOST supportive of Luther's condemnation of the Catholic Church ?
King Henry VII
The Bishops
The German princes
Holy Roman Empire ruler, Charles V
55
How did the Catholic Church ultimately respond to the charges leveled against it during the Reformation ?
By accepting to new interpretations of both Lutheranism and Calvinism
By enacting reform through the Council of Trent
Agreeing to give monarchs/princes more power to implement religious reform
By helping spread Catholic faith outside of Europe
56
What was the INITIAL reaction of Pope Leo X to the posting of Luther's 95 Thesis ?
He called upon church officials for the Council of Trent
He immediately excommunicated Luther from the Catholic Church
Claimed the power of the Catholic Church and condemned Luther's criticisms
He called Tetzal from Germany and condemned him for his sale of indulgences
57
Despite Colbert’s mercantilistic policies, the royal coffers continued to remain empty largely as a result of
A spendthrift king
The rise of Spain as a navel power
A series of expensive and fruitless wars
Large peasant revolts that needed to be put down