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Atomy-Week 6: Blood Vessels & Circulation (Part 1) Flashcards | StudBud
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Atomy-Week 6: Blood Vessels & Circulation (Part 1)
Atomy-Week 6: Blood Vessels & Circulation (Part 1)
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1
What role do skeletal muscles play in venous blood flow?
Movement of skeletal muscles helps to propel blood along in veins
Skeletal muscles create a vacuum that pulls blood into the heart
Skeletal muscles have no effect on venous blood flow
Skeletal muscles restrict blood flow by constricting the veins
2
What is Pulmonary Circulation? select the 2 that apply
Flow of deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs for gas exchange
Flow of oxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs for gas exchange
then back to the heart with oxygen for systemic circulation
then back to the heart with deoxygenated for systemic circulation
3
BP Hemodynamics
: Resistance to blood flow - peripheral (systemic) vascularresistance (SVR)
Lower resistance leads to reduced blood flow
SVR refers to the amount of blood volume, not resistance
Higher resistance, lower blood flow
Higher resistance increases blood flow through the vessels
4
How does blood exit the heart in relation to the aorta?
Blood exits the heart via the pulmonary veins into the aorta
Blood exits the heart via the aorta, connecting directly to the lungs
Blood leaves the heart through the aorta, flowing back to the right atrium
Blood exits the heart via the aorta, whichBranchesInto all systemicArteries
5
Blood pressure in veins is significantly lower then in arteries
False
True
6
Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) - average blood pressure in arteries
MAP = SBP - 1/2(DBP + SBP)
MAP = DBP - 1/3(SBP - DBP)
MAP = DBP + 1/3(SBP-DBP)
MAP = (SBP + DBP) / 2
7
(Arterioles): How does
Vasodilation
in arterioles influence blood flow?
It decreases resistance, resulting in increased flow to the capillaries.
It decreases resistance, leading to decreased pressure in the capillaries.
It increases resistance, leading to decreased flow to the capillaries
It increases resistance, leading to increased flow to the capillaries.
8
Systemic Circulation
: Oxygen, nutrients and wastes are exchanged in the capillary beds
True
False
9
How are the jugular veins classified?
Classified as internal and external
Classified as deep and superficial jugular veins
Classified as upper and lower jugular veins.
Classified as anterior and posterior jugular veins.
10
Types of Circulation:
carries venous blood from GI organs to liver
Systemic Circulation
Hepatic Circulation
Pulmonary Circulation
Fetal Circulation
11
Tissues with lower metabolic activity/demand have few capillaries. Ex are...
Heart and Lungs
Tendons and Ligaments
Brain, liver, kidneys, and muscles
Stomach and Intestines
12
(Arterioles): How does
Vasoconstriction
in arterioles affect blood flow?
It increases resistance, leading to increased flow to the capillaries.
It increases resistance, leading to decreased flow to the capillaries.
It decreases resistance, resulting in increased flow to the capillaries.
It decreases resistance, leading to decreased pressure in the capillaries.
13
Muscular Arteries (aka distributing arteries):
select all true statements that apply
Tunica media contains more smooth muscle and less elasticfibres
Greater control of vasoconstriction and vasodilation
Primarily responsible for gas exchange between blood and tissues
Limited elastic recoil, relays on vasoconstriction/dilation toregulate flow
14
What vessel is the smallest form of artery
Arterioles
Veins
Venules
Capillaries
15
How does blood flow back to the heart in veins?
Blood flows back to the heart solely due to gravity
Blood flows back to the heart through active pumping by the veins.
Blood flows back to the heart via the force of initial cardiac contraction
Blood is pushed back to the heart by the pressure of the lungs
16
Arteries
: Contains a thick,MuscularTunicaMedia with highCompliance, allowingEasy expansion with small pressure increases
False
True
17
What is the function of the vena cava in the circulatory system?
It regulates blood pressure throughout the circulatory system
It returns blood supply to the heart
It supplies oxygen-rich blood to the entire body
It pumps blood directly to the lungs for oxygenation
18
The aorta has 4 principal divisions, what are they?
Anterior, posterior, lateral, and medial.
Superficial, deep, central, and peripheral
Upper, lower, right, and left
Ascending, arch, thoracic, and abdominal.
19
Arterioles
(
Aka resistance vessels):
Play a minor role in blood pressure
True
False
20
There are 5 main types of blood vessels
Arteries, Arterioles, Capillaries, Venules, Veins
Ductules, Microtubules, Plasmatic Vessels, Lymphatic Arteries,Nerve Vessels
Arteries, Lymphatic Tubes, Pathways, Neuronal Channels, Digestive Veins
Tubules,Channels,Valves,Filaments,Nodes
21
Elastic Arteries (aka conducting arteries)
: select all true statements that apply
(slide 9
for more info)
Primarily responsible for regulating BP through vasoconstriction
Ability to withstand large force of BF as it is ejected from the heart
Largest diameter arteries with relatively thin walls
Elastic fibres stretch then recoil, propelling the blood onward
22
BP:
volume of blood flow through a tissue in a given time (mL/min)
Cardiac Output (CO)
Blood Flow
Stroke Volume (SV)
Hemodynamics
23
(Arterioles): What is the function of arterioles in relation to capillaries?
exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide directly with the capillaries
Microscopic vessels that regulate flow into capillaries (“small arteries)
store blood temporarily before sending it to the capillaries
They provide structural support to keep capillaries from collapsing
24
Where does some nutrient exchange occur after the blood passes through capillaries?
In the venules immediately following the capillaries
In the aorta before blood reaches the capillaries
In the arteries leading away from the heart
In the veins as they return blood to the lungs
25
Why can venules serve as blood reservoirs?
They are composed of thick muscle layers that contract tightly
They have great expansion capabilities.
They contain valves that close off blood flow entirely
They have rigid walls that prevent any expansion
26
What is the function of the jugular veins?
They drain blood from the brain and face
They supply blood to the muscles of the neck and shoulders
They deliver oxygenated blood to the brain and face
They regulate blood pressure throughout the entire body
27
What do capillaries lack compared to other blood vessels?
Lack a tunica media and externa
Capillaries lack smooth muscle cells and collagen fibers
Capillaries lack a tunica intima and lumen
Capillaries lack an endothelial layer and basement membrane
28
BP Hemodynamics
: Pressure Difference: How does regional pressure difference affect blood flow?
The greater the pressure difference, the lower the blood flow.
Greater the pressure difference, the greater the blood flow
The smaller the pressure difference, the greater the blood flow
Pressure differences have no impact on blood flow
29
Types of Circulation:
blood flow to and from all tissues in the body
Systemic Circulation
Fetal Circulation
Pulmonary Circulation
Hepatic Circulation
30
CapillariesExchange Vessels:
Tissues with higher metabolic activity/demand have a greaterNetwork of capillaries. Ex are-
Muscles, liver, kidneys, brain
Hair, bone marrow, epidermis, and joints
Skin, bones, hair follicles, and nails
Cartilage, tendons, ligaments, and teeth
31
BP:
the forces involved in circulating blood
Hemodynamics
Stroke Volume (SV)
Cardiac Output (CO)
Blood Flow
32
What vessel has smallest form of vein
Veins
Venules
Arteries
Capillaries
33
What are capillaries also known as?
Exchange vessels
Filtration vessels
Insulation vessels
Retrieving vessels
34
What is the primary function of the carotid artery?
It supplies blood to the brain
It drains blood from the brain back to the heart
It supplies blood to the lungs for oxygenation
It regulates blood pressure throughout the body
35
Types of Circulation:
blood flow to and from a fetus during pregnancy
Systemic Circulation
Pulmonary Circulation
Fetal Circulation
Hepatic Circulation
36
What is the role of the cardiovascular system in the body?
Provides structural support and protects internal organs from injury
Responsible for regulating body temperature and producing blood cells
Transports O2, nutrients, hormones, and removes waste throughout the body
Primary function is to store energy and maintain blood pressure levels
37
How do veins respond to changes in pressure?
Able to adapt to minor pressure changes but cannot withstand highpressures
Veins are unable to adapt to any changes in pressure
Veins become rigid and unyielding with pressure fluctuations
Veins only respond to high pressure by constricting
38
What vessel carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart
Arteries
Venules
Capillaries
Veins
39
Systemic Circulation
: What flows through the venous system and where does it go?
DeoxygenatedBlood&Waste FlowThroughVeins,Returning toTheHeartForElimination
CO2 and O2 flow through the veins, moving to the brain for processing
Nutrients&oxygen flow through veins, delivering them directly to the organs
Hormones & enzymes flow through veins, circulating to the digestive system
40
The further away from the aorta, the lower the BP becomes
False
True
41
What vessel has thin walled vessels. Site of gas exchange
Venules
Veins
Arterioles
Capillaries
42
BP Hemodynamics
: What two factors determine circulation to tissues?
Regional pressure difference and resistance to blood flow
Blood vessel diameter and hormone levels
Heart rate and body temperature
Oxygen levels and blood pH
43
What is the primary function of venules in the circulatory system?
Venules filter toxins from the blood before it returns to the heart
Venules drain capillary blood and begin its return to the heart.
Venules connect arteries directly to the heart
Venules distribute oxygenated blood to the body's tissues
44
How do the walls of veins compare to those of arteries in terms of smooth muscle?
Veins have walls that are equally thick as arteries
Veins have walls that contain more smooth muscle than arteries
Thick walls with a high amount of smooth muscle compared to arteries
Thin walls with relatively little smooth muscle compared to arteries
45
BP:
total volume of blood circulated in oneminute
Stroke Volume (SV)
Cardiac Output (CO)
Hemodynamics
Blood Flow
46
Anastomoses Collateral Circulation
: Most tissues in the body receive blood from only one artery
True
False
47
What layers are capillaries composed of?
Composed of a thick muscle layer and connective tissue
ComposedOfASingleEndothelialLayer&BasementMembrane,AllowingEasyDiffusion
Made up of multiple layers of smooth muscle cells and collagen
Contains an outer fibrous layer and an inner elastic layer
48
How extensive is the network of capillaries in the body?
Approximately 10 billion branches
Approximately 25 billion branches
Approximately 20 billion branches
Approximately 35 billion branches
49
BP:
amount of blood pumped in one cardiaccontraction
Blood Flow
Hemodynamics
Cardiac Output (CO)
Stroke Volume (SV)
50
Types of Circulation:
process of gas exchange in the lungs
Hepatic Circulation
Pulmonary Circulation
Fetal Circulation
Systemic Circulation
51
What vessel carry oxygenated blood away from the heart
Capillaries
Venules
Arteries
Arterioles
52
What is a vascular sinus?
A vascular sinus is a chamber in the heart that stores blood
A vascular sinus is a type of capillary that facilitates nutrient exchange
Vein where surrounding connective tissue replaces the tunica Media&Externa
A vascular sinus is an artery that carries oxygenated blood to the heart
53
What feature in veins ensures that blood flows in only one direction?
Elastic fibers in the vein walls prevent backflow
One-way valves in veins force blood to flow in only one direction
Thick muscle layers in veins push blood in multiple directions
High-pressure zones at intervals within the veins
54
What do capillaries connect in the circulatory system?
Connect the heart and lungs directly
Connect arteries to nerve fibers
Connect veins to lymphatic vessels
Connect arterial and venous blood flow
55
What happens to veins during times of stress, need, or exercise?
Veins develop new branches to increase blood supply to the heart
Vasoconstriction in veins diverts blood to where needed
Veins relax and allow blood to pool in the extremities
Veins are constricted, but blood flow remains constant with no changes
56
What are arterioles also known as?
Resistance vessels
Exchange vessels
Capacitance vessels
Absorption vessels
57
If blood flow is interrupted in one vessel, the tissue can still receiveblood what is this process called
Collateral circulation
Collateral transmission
Necrosis circulation
Collateral exchange
58
What are the two divisions of the vena cava?
The anterior and posterior vena cava
The proximal and distal vena cava
The ascending and descending vena cava
The inferior and superior vena cava
59
What is the main function of capillaries in the circulatory system?
To produce and release red blood cells into circulation
To pump blood throughout the body like arteries
To store excess blood and regulate temperature
Exchange of substances between the blood and interstitial fluid
60
Major Vessels:
How are most veins and arteries throughout the body named?
Named randomly without any specific criteria or relation to their function
They are named after historical figures in medicine and anatomy
They are named after the regions and tissues that they supply or drain
They are named after their color, with red as arteries & blue as veins.
