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AP Human Geo
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1
The most dangerous volcano, _________, erupted about 73,500 years ago.
St. Helen's
Tambora
Toba
Santorini
2
The product of convergence which allows speakers of two or more languages to communicate:
standardized language
lingua franca
common language
lingua germanica
3
The Peace of Westphalia ________
created modern Pakistan after the British withdrawal
created West Germany after WWII
ended WWI
marked the beginning of the modern state of Europe
4
The
Confucian Classics
were the 13 texts that were the focus of education 2,000 years ago in:
Japan
India
China
Afghanistan
5
The systematic study of the origin and meaning of place names is called:
toponymy
lexicography
namology
deep reconstruction
6
By 1992, the most widely grown crop was a product of the Green Revolution, IR36, a type of:
wheat
rice
maize
potatoes
7
In which area of the world are countries in stage one of the demographic transition model found
South America
West and Southern Africa
Northern Europe
North America
8
The ____ of a group of people included the things they construct.
folk culture
non-material culture
material culture
pop culture
9
Which of the following US regional associations is
incorrect
?
Southwest - Mormon
Upper Midwest - Lutheran
New England - Catholic
South - Baptist
10
Following the disintegration of the former Soviet Union, the only surviving superpower was:
Great Britain
US
China
France
11
According to the text, which of the following is considered a state?
France
British Columbia
Hong Kong
Colorado
12
A geographic boundary within which a particular linguistic feature occurs is called a/an:
sound shift
isogloss
international border
cultural boundary
13
The highest Crude Birth Rates (CBR) in the world are found in...
Middle East
Latin America
Sub-Saharan Africa
China
14
In areas of shifting cultivation the population _________.
must be large enough to provide surplus labor
never lies in permanent settlements
cannot have a high density
increases significantly
15
Geomancers, those who know the desires of the spirits of those occupying the natural world are:
associated with Lamaism
associated with monotheism
associated with karma
associated with feng-shui
16
The fact that trends in popular culture proceed from large global centers to smaller cities is:
migration
hierarchical diffusion
relative location
diffusion
17
The naming of sports stadiums and other facilities for corporations is an example of:
post-modern toponyms
hubris
memorial toponyms
commodification
18
The Little Ice age was pieced together by farmer's diaries. Those of these were most useful.
grain farmers
dairy farmers
wine growers
vegetable growers
19
The Second Agricultural Revolution can generally be traced to Europe within what time frame?
seventeenth and eighteenth century
twelfth and thirteenth century
nineteenth and twentieth century
fourteenth and fifteenth century
20
Roman Catholic Christianity was spread to Middle and South American by:
England
Portugal
Italy
Spain
21
Siddhartha Gautama (Buddha) was perhaps the first prominent Indian religious leader to:
acknowledge sacred animals, such as cattle
reject the eating of meat
speak out against the Hindu caste system
accept Karma
22
It is estimated that _____ of the world's population is seriously malnourished.
1/20th
1/7th
1/2
1/10th
23
The text focuses on 1 local culture in its attempts to lessen the influence of foreign culture
Zimbabwe
US
France
S. Korea
24
At which scale to boundary disputes occur?
Local
National
International
All of the above
25
One element of the conflict in Sri Lanka is differences of these two religions:
Islam and Jewish
Islam and Christianity
Buddhism and Hindu
Christianity and tribal
26
Two Russian scholars have established the core of the pre-porto-Indo-European language named:
Anatolian
Nostratic
Austronesian
Etruscan
27
Central government with subnational entities that have representation in governmental processes
Federal
Communist
Compact
Unitary
28
Cultural geographers identify a single element of normal practice as:
a culture region
a cultural heritage
a cultural peculiarity
a cultural trait
29
Life expectancy is:
number of years a person will theoretically live
number of years a person will live
average number of years a person will live at birth
average number of years a person is expected to live
30
Corn of the American "Corn Belt" originated in:
the Fertile Crescent
Southeast Asia
Central America
West Africa
31
The same ultraviolet radiation intercepted by darkly pigmented skin stimulates this production
C
D
E
A
32
The youngest major religion is:
Islam
Judaism
Christianity
Hinduism
33
The concept that which population will continue to grow even after fertility rates decline
rate of natural increase
demographic momentum
demographic transition
homeostatic plateau
34
Nigeria has federal system of government in which they adopted the ___ law in the Muslim North.
local tribal
British Common
Nigerian Federal
Sharia
35
According to Carl Sauer, the earliest plant domestication __________.
was prompted by scarcity
probably involved planting root crops
occurred in tropical middle America
was associated with seed crops
36
According to Ravenstein's Laws of Migration, which group is most likely to move?
families
older adults
children
young adults
37
Sikhism is a small compromise religion that arose form the confrontation between Hinduism and:
British colonial officials
Christianity
Buddhism
Islam
38
Which is
not
an example of a primary economic activity?
corn flake production
mining iron ore
lobster fishing
forestry
39
The presence of centrifugal forces within a country has led to diffusion of power called:
devolution
acculturation
autocratic
imperialism
40
Buddhism has its source in:
China
Thailand
India
Japan
41
Friedrich Ratzel's organic theory identified ______ as a state's essential living force.
space
population
strong military
mobility
42
Race is:
composed of three major skin color groups
socially constructed
the same as culture
biologically based
43
Convergence processes that produce a pidgin language are first introduced to a population as a:
lingua franca
dialect
language subfamily
creole language
44
In villages everywhere, social stratification is reflected by:
commercial buildings
the dress of the population
the street pattern
the range and quality of village houses
45
The largest source of international immigrants to the US is from:
India
Canada
Mexico
China
46
Presently, natural increase in population is primarily due to...
an increase in death rate
an increase in birth rate
a decrease in death rate
a decrease in birth rate
47
Organic food is found in _____ areas.
periphery
core
semi-periphery
all
48
The greatest concentration of streets memorializing MLK, Jr. are found in:
the South, especially Georgia
the West
the Midwest, especially Illinois
the Northeast, particularly Massachusetts
49
Which economic activity is not counted in GNP calculations?
tending to a home garden
auto repair
teaching
commercial farming
50
Demand for organic foods is greatest in:
semi-periphery regions
periphery regions
core regions
spread equally among all regions
51
The most recent glaciation of the Pleistocene was the ______ Glaciation.
Wisconsinan
Illinoian
Kansan
Nebraskan
52
Which of the following would not be part of the cultural landscape?
barns
fences
rainfall
livestock
53
This 20th century communist empire controlled many weaker satellite states in Eastern Europe.
China
Soviet Union
Germany
Turkey
54
Fragmented states can help create which type of forces within a state?
Centrifugal
Centripetal
Cumulative causation
Backwash effects
55
The world distribution of precipitation is concentrated in:
equatorial and tropical areas
subtropical regions
high latitudes
mid-latitude regions
56
The boundaries of rocky crustal plates are associated with:
ice caps
earthquakes and volcanoes
plains regions
deserts
57
Which describes the general direction that the US population center has moved since 1970?
South
North and East
North and West
West and South
58
Hawaii and Louisiana are examples of states with...
no linguistic variation
official "English only" policies
official bilingual policies
no official language policies
59
The arithmetic population density of the US is _____ per square mile.
347
31
82
1046
60
Government efforts to discourage native practice and languages in the US and Canada were:
segregating practices
protective practices
eradicating practices
assimilating practices
61
Mackinder's concerns of Stalin's control led to the development of containment in the US and to
the United Nations
the Berlin Wall
friendly relationships with China
NATO
62
Africa experienced a period of decolonization and creation of many new states when?
Late nineteenth century
1850s
1700s
1950s and 60s
63
Environmental determinism was replaced be which approach to geography in the late 20th century?
vernacular approach
possiblist approach
hierarchical approach
distribution approach
64
The building of a sense of community identity around the idea of "Swedish-ness" in Kansas is:
assimilation
cultural appropriation
neolocalism
globalization
65
Field of study that considers the rolled of politics in shaping human environmental interaction
Political-ecology
economics
danger
politics
66
By 1960, Mexico no longer depended on imports as production of this crop rose dramatically
coffee
corn
tomatoes
wheat
67
A high dependency ratio suggests that a large percentage of the population is...
14-64 years old
under 14 years old
under 14 and over 65
65 years or older
68
The greater the distance from the hearth, the less likely an innovation will be adopted
adoption avoidance
distance decay
inverse innovation rule
cultural repulsion
69
The ideology of Zionism has as its goal:
the merger of the three modern divisions of Judaism
the elimination of the Orthodox division within the faith
a homeland for the Jewish people
the merger of Judaism with other religions
70
The geologic epoch, characterized by global warming, in which we are now living:
Pliocene
Pleistocene
Miocene
Holocene
71
A form of tropical subsistence agriculture in which fields are rotated after short periods:
shifting cultivation
subsistence wheat cultivation
subsistence rice cultivation
nomadic herding
72
TRUE/FALSE: Cultures live in spatial isolation and show little change as a result of diffusion
True
False
73
___ of internet content is in English.
68%
27%
12%
82%
74
TRUE/FALSE: Cholera outbreaks have not occurred in the Twentieth Century
False
True
75
The ratio of percent labor force to percent of GDP in the agricultural sector of Canada means?
the agricultural sector is subsistence intensive
the agricultural sector is small scale intensive
the agricultural sector is machine intensive
the agricultural sector is labor intensive
76
In von Thunen's model there was a concentric circle of forest around the city because _______.
it would provide lumber and firewood
it would contain the growth of the city
it provided a recreational area
it would filter out pollution
77
The most widely used Indo-European language today is:
Chinese
English
Spanish
German
78
The form of agriculture that refers to a particular climate is:
Mediterranean
livestock ranching
shifting cultivation
dairying
79
The boundaries of this country are being contested by the Palestinians.
China
Iraq
Serbia
Israel
80
The "lost city" located in Sun City, South Africa is a good example of:
the commodification of nature
modernization
an ethnic enclave
an authentic landscape
81
Which form of diffusion cannot be transmitted by media?
expansion diffusion
hierarchical diffusion
relocation diffusion
stimulus diffusion
82
The faith that is most widely dispersed over the world is:
Christianity
Islam
Buddhism
shamanism
83
The Spanish invaders of Middle America, centuries ago, laid out villages and towns in what form
linear
oval
round
grid
84
The US is the most prolific producer of solid waste, producing about __ lbs per person per day.
4.5
3.5
7.3
1.5
85
Geographer Lee Liu found soils in intensively used fields near villages were:
overused and of poor fertility
not used
polluted
fertile and productive
86
Plant life and photosynthesis began about 1.5 billion years ago and increased the:
O2 in the atmosphere
sulfur in the atmosphere
methane in the atmosphere
CO2 in the atmosphere
87
The Sea of Galilee forms a large freshwater reservoir in the Jordan Valley and supplies mainly:
Israel
Lebanon
Syria
Jordan
88
The basic unit of the township-and-range system, the section, has an area of:
160 acres
1 square mile
36 square miles
1 acre
89
Since 1950, this part of the developing world has seen a dramatic increase in population
areas away from coasts
urban areas
rural areas
agricultural areas
90
The importance of the
spatial
approach that geographers use in their studies is that it shows:
political impact of boundaries
history of an area
arrangement/organization of things on the surface of Earth
human activity only
91
Fair trade coffee buyers certify that ___% of the retail price goes to the coffee growers.
5
40
100
80
92
The spread of disease where nearly all adjacent individuals are affected is an example of:
independent infection
contagious diffusion
reloaction diffusion
stimulus diffusion
93
Which types of countries usually encompass diverse types of climates, resources and peoples?
Compact
Elongated
Fragmented
Prorupt
94
Form of villages still existing in many rural landscapes that remind of a turbulent past:
walled
grid
linear
round
95
Which of the following agricultural activities is widespread in the NE US and NW Europe?
sugar beet production
cotton growing
dairying
citrus production
96
The largest major population concentration of North America is
from Miami to Jacksonville
From Toronto to Montreal
From Washington D.C. to Boston
from San Diego to San Francisco
97
Skin color is a matter of what pigmentation, a protective element against strong sun.
epithelial
carotene
melanin
dextrose
98
Which commodity would be found closest to the market town in von Thunen's model?
milk
wheat
firewood
beef
99
Examples of luxury crops include:
tea and sugar
tobacco and potatoes
cacao and corn
coffee and tobacco
100
The phenomenon that the farther a feature moves from a hearth, the less dominant it is
central place
distance decay
concentric circle
sequent occupance
101
Which of the following is an example of a nation seeking its own territory?
Mexicans
English
British
Palestinians
102
Globally, the consumption of resources is tied to _______ more than any other factor.
population numbers
proximity to resources
technology
rate of population growth
103
Which of the following was an example of forced migration?
European colonists of America moving West in search for gold
Spanish migration to the Western Hemisphere
India-Pakistan migration after gaining independence
Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade
104
Any political power based in the center of Eurasia could gain enough strength to dominate.
Wallerstein's World Systems Theory
Unilateral Theory
Mackinder's Heartland Theory
Huntington's Clash of Civilizations Thesis
105
_____ culture is conceived as small, incorporating a homogeneous populationand typically rural
local
folk
material
popular
106
The concept that the US was ordained by God to expand across North America was:
Rimland Theory
gateway state
Manifest Destiny
complementarity
107
What percentage of the Earth's surface is covered by water?
50
20
90
70
108
The location of a place in relationship to other places or features around it is called:
relative location
site
index of placeness
absolute location
109
In 2001, reports indicated that as many as ___ women may have been victims of dowry deaths.
1,000
0
7,000
100
110
In terms of popular culture, cities like Paris, New York and Milan are referred to as...
capitals
hearths
world cities
local cultures
111
Which is am example of a non-material aspect of culture?
burning of incense
church building
an alter
religious decoration
112
Most scholars believe that seed cultivation (!st Agricultural Revolution) occurred in:
the Fertile Crescent
tropical Africa
the Nile Valley
Asia
113
Is is estimated that ___% of the Sub-Saharan realm's food is produced by females.
20
70
10
50
114
A boundary that uses physiological features like rivers or mountains is referred to as a(n):
natural/physical boundary
subsequent boundary
permeable barrier
geometric boundary
115
TRUE/FALSE: Functional regions are the product of interaction and movement
False
True
116
The mental map you have of places you routinely visit is a map of your:
inner world
region
activity spaces
neighborhood
117
Barrio
is the Spanish term for:
boundary
socio-economic barriers to advancement
neighborhood
a small donkey
118
This type of state has a centralized government and administration that exercises equal control
Unitary
Compact
Federal
Regional
119
Presently, most population growth in the world is occurring where?
least developed countries
Africa
more developed countries
western countries
120
All of the following tend to be centripetal forces within a country
except
:
common language
military
regionalism
education system
121
During the Cold War era, which two countries balanced the power of one another?
Spain/Portugal
United Kingdom/France
Pakistan/India
US/Soviet Union
122
Which of the following countries has the lowest arithmetic density?
Brazil
Canada
United States
United Kingdom
123
Which of the following nations is considered a stateless-nation?
French
Jewish
Spanish
Kurdish
124
Buying a Native American styled dream catcher at a Wal-Mart store in Ohio is an example of:
cultural persistence
local custom
assimilation
cultural appropriation
125
NAFTA is a supranationalistic organization which attempted to create a free trade zone where?
New Zealand and Australia
North Africa
North America
North Atlantic
126
Which of the following is
not
generally a characteristic of an ethnic religion?
spatially concentrated
does not seek outside converts
found in a particular culture
always polytheistic
127
Latin
octo
(eight) became Italian
otto
, Spanish
ocho
and French
huit.
This is an example of?
deterioration
dialect development
sound shift
isogloss shift
128
Zoroastrianism is similar to Islam and Christianity in that it is...
a world religion
polytheistic
monotheistic
a missionary religion
129
Spread of ideas, traits, knowledge and skills from place of origin to areas where adopted
cultural repulsion
diffusion
adjustment
130
Newspaper delivery areas are an example of which type of region?
statistical
graphical
formal
functional
131
The concept of culture is closely identified with:
archaeology
anthropology
sociology
psychology
132
The boundaries between which set of countries were established primarily to separate religions?
India and Pakistan
Libya and Chad
France and Germany
Mexico and the US
133
The rise of secularism and decline of religious membership are found in:
Africa
Europe
Southwest Asia
Southeast Asia
134
Hutterites differ form the Amish in that they...
accept modern technology
reject modern technology
are Anabaptist
live in Pennsylvania
135
Which of these sub-regions recently gained more central government powers with parliament?
Colorado
Russia
Scotland
Ireland
136
The Global Environmental Facility funds projects related to four issues. Which is
not
one?
depletion of ozone layer
loss of biodiversity
climatic change
soil erosion
137
In order to replace its population only, a country needs a total fertility rate of...
3.0
1.2
3.5
2.1
138
Political boundaries that most poorly represent the linguistic boundaries are of this region:
Africa
North America
East Asia
South America
139
Uneven distribution of wealth and political power after colonialism was due to wealth in:
North America
Europe and North America
Europe
Asia
140
The Proto-Indo-European language homeland lies somewhere north of the...
Sea of Okhotsk
Baltic Sea
Mediterranean Sea
Black Sea
141
Alfred Wegner used his spatial view of the world to develop the theory of:
continental drift
relativity
the hydrologic cycle
Earth rotation
142
Which of the following is
not
an example of a form of expansion diffusion?
stimulus
hierarchial
contagious
independent invention
143
In political geography, these forces tend to disrupt and threaten the unity of a state.
Centripetal
Centrifugal
Common values
Homogeneity
144
The linguistic map of Nigeria reflects extreme fragmentation with nearly ___ languages spoken
15
25
400
200
145
Depletion of the ozone layer is caused by the release of ____ into the atmosphere.
chlorofluorocarbons
CO2
volcanic ash
methane
146
Which of the following states fits the morphology description of compact?
Poland
Chile
South Africa
Thailand
147
The correct name for the rectangular language division scheme in the US after the American Rev:
Franklin's system
township-and-range system
long-lot system
metes and bounds system
148
Bio-genetic engineering allows growing of new strains in more arid regions to meet demand of:
grain export
tofu/organic food
bio-diesel fuel
the cattle feed industry
149
The four major population clusters in the world include the following regions except...
South America
East Asia
Southeast Asia
South Asia
150
_____ refers to the infusing of a locality with meaning and emotion.
Sense of place
Human-environment interaction
Regionalization
Location theory
151
Coffee was domesticated in Ethiopia. Today, 70% of production is in:
East Africa
South Asia
Middle and South America
Southeast Asia
152
The degree of direct linkage btw one location and other location in a transport network:
spatial interaction
landscape
connectivity
movement
153
The Hindu religion is one of the oldest of the religions and may have begun ___ years ago.
1,500
3,000
4,000
6,000
154
What is the most residentially segregated metropolitan area for African Americans?
Seattle, Washington
Atlanta, Georgia
Milwaukee, Wisconsin
Birmingham, Alabama
155
TRUE/FALSE: The study of landforms, climates and environmental change is physical geography
True
False
156
An example of a country with a population pyramid that has a large base is...
United States
Germany
Nigeria
Japan
157
Guatemala's agricultural sector produced 22.7% of the country's GDP and employs:
10% of labor force
25% of labor force
50% of labor force
22.7% of labor force
158
Which of the following is the best example of a nation-state?
South Africa
United Kingdom
China
Japan
159
The most prevalent rural residential pattern in the world's agricultural areas is:
hierarchical
dispersed
spaced
nucleated
160
What region of North America is most densely populated?
Southeast
Northeast
West Coast
Pacific Northwest
161
When places are "designed" either for women or then they are said to be:
restricted areas
social spaces
gendered
sex zones
162
The fundamental doctrine of the Hindu faith is :
a detailed book of scripture
a violent ideology
monotheism
karma
163
Map in which data are assigned to class intervals and colors/patterns to distinguish magnitude:
dot distribution map
topographic map
cartogram
choropleth map
164
Branch of geography that focuses on landforms, climate, soils and vegetation of the Earth is:
biogeography
physical geography
human geography
cultural geography
165
In the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, for a judge to be appointed to the country's courts:
they had to have a beard
they had to wear sandals
they had to wear a veil
they had to wear a turban
166
Jerusalem is a sacred place for:
Muslims
Jews
Christians
All of the above
167
Language tree diagram of language divergence has some branches with dead ends that represent?
language subfamilies
isolated languages
standardized or non-hanging languages
extinct languages
168
Yugoslavia was a prime example of a:
stateless nation
multi-state nation
nation-state
multi-nation state
169
The Hajj, one of the "pillars of Islam" is:
fasting during the holy month
charitable giving
the pilgrimage to Mecca
the veil worn by Muslim women
170
Taro, yams and bananas are associated with the ______ hearth, according to Spencer and Thomas.
Meso-American
Ethiopia-East Asian
Southeast Asian
Southwest Asian
171
Gross National Income does not include:
work done by rural women in less developed countries
work done by women in maquiladoras
work done by state-employed women
work done by unmarried women
172
A tsunami's waves result from:
earthquake displacement of the seafloor
tidal conditions
periodic floods
high storm winds called "tsunamis"
173
Which region of the US do geometric boundaries predominate?
Southeast
Hawaii
Midwest
Northeast
174
The language most widely used as a 2nd language by millions of Indians, Africans, etc.:
French
English
Spanish
Arabic
175
A group of people in a particular space who see themselves as a community and who share traits
material culture group
popular culture
local culture
folk
176
The Kyoto Protocol:
addresses global climate change
addresses Asian deforestation
addresses US-Japan trade imbalances
addresses Japan-European trade imbalances
177
Japan is a hearth of global popular culture that influences North America with...
foods
sports
fashion
animated films
178
This sub field of geography studies political, economic and strategic significance
Linguistics
Anthropology
Geopolitics
Econometrics
179
The world's largest dominantly Islamic state is:
Indonesia
Egypt
Pakistan
Iran
180
Which country has a low arithmetic density, but a high physiological density?
United Kingdom
United States
Egypt
Nigeria
181
In recent years, many wooded areas in ___ have been deforested to provide beef to the US.
West Africa
Central and South America
East and South Asia
East Africa
182
The coordinates of absolute location are useful mainly in determining exact:
distance and directions
directions
distance
elevations
183
The linking of places by common traits or characteristics is defined as:
location
place
region
area
184
Humans do not populate in large numbers to
areas that are too wet
all of the above
areas that are too cold
areas too high in elevation
185
TRUE/FALSE: Details of the distribution of wealth in the US features typical at global scale
False
True
186
Select the group that is not a supranational organization.
EU
UN
CIA
OPEC
187
Which of the following is considered a sovereign state?
Alaska
India
Antarctica
Hong Kong
188
Reasons why a person feels compelled to leave his or her home area is:
pull factors
place utility factors
economic indicator factors
push factors
189
Which type of boundary uses lines of latitude and longitude and not existing physical features?
Antecedent boundary
Geometric boundary
Subsequent boundary
Natural boundary
190
The physical location of a place using the Earth latitude-longitude grid is:
absolute location
referenced location
grid plan
relative location
191
Rice cultivation in Southeast Asia is largely a _______ activity.
subsistence
commercial
part-time
mechanized
192
The Dave Matthews Band established a ____ in VA and gained popularity through _____
hearth, distance decay
beachhead, word of mouth
hearth, hierarchical diffusion
record label, contagious diffusion
193
Which is an example of an interfaith (boundary) conflict?
Northern Ireland
Israel - Palestine
Former Yugoslavia
Nigeria
194
Which geographical theme would study the impact of the drainage of the Florida Everglades?
movement
human-environment
place
location
195
When a husband migrates from Mexico to US and earns money to allow for his family to migrate
chain migration
distance decay
internal migration
forced migration
196
Which region has a high percentage of geometric boundaries to separate states?
South America
North Africa
Europe
Southeast Asia
197
The visible imprint of human activity is known as:
the attributes of the setting
the natural landscape
the cultural landscape
spatial interaction
198
The largest constituency of Christianity is:
Protestant
Eastern Orthodox
Roman Catholicism
Coptic