What is CVA, MS, PD, ALS and Their Signs and Symptoms

Question 1

Partial motor paralysis on one side of the body

Accepted Answer

Hemiparesis

Question 2

Modifications for Bathing Tasks for people living with PD

Accepted Answer

DME (bath bench/seat, grab bars, hand-held shower) - decrease fall risk, No-slip bath mats (inside and out) & Sliding doors replaced w showercurtian

Question 3

CVA Temporal Lobe impaired functions

Accepted Answer

Understanding Language (receptive language), Memory, Hearing

Question 4

Right-Sided CVA: Left sided Hemiplegia Perceptual Impairments:

Accepted Answer

Unilateral Neglect, Hemi-inattention, Motor apraxia, agnosia, Disorientation for directionality, difficulty crossing midline

Question 5

Modifications for Dressing skills for people living with PD

Accepted Answer

Increased time scheduled for dressing, Easy-to-use Front Fasteners - velcro closures, elastic shoelaces/waistband, dress sitting - long handled shoehorn, reachers, sock aids, dressing stick, (shuffling gait) not wear rubber/crepe-soled shoes (flat leather shoes), Clothing one size larger (easier to don/doff), Discourage bending while done shoes/socks

Question 6

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) Other Symptoms Include

Accepted Answer

Edema (Swelling)

Question 7

Pt 2 MS Symptoms Include

Accepted Answer

Depression, Sexual Dysfunction, Incontinence and Constipation, Dysphagia (swallowing), Dysarthria (speech), Weakness, Decreased balance, Cognitive (Memory Loss, Decreased Attention, Decreased Executive Function)

Question 8

85% of those initially diagnosed w/ MS present with this course

Accepted Answer

Relapsing/Remitting

Question 9

commonly achieve self-care independence earlier, but are more likely to experience depression

Accepted Answer

Left Sided CVA

Question 10

Energy Conservation Techniques PT 3

Accepted Answer

Pharmacologic interventions, Improved trunk control & Techniques to control tremor, Heat Control, ADL Assistive Devices & DME

Question 11

Modifications for Grooming Tasks for people living with PD

Accepted Answer

Tasks performed while sitting, Suction Brushes and soap holders, Electric toothbrushes, Electric razors, Hand-free Hair dryers

Question 12

Right-Sided CVA: Left sided Hemiplegia Visual Impairments:

Accepted Answer

Left field cuts, Visual neglect

Question 13

Pt 1 MS Symptoms Include

Accepted Answer

Dystregulation of temperature (Hyper sensitive to heat), Spasticity, Tremors, Ataxia (loss of muscle control), Fatigue (can worsen symptoms), Impaired Postural Control, pain, Loss of vision

Question 14

Worsening symptoms, impaired righting reactions, disability- ADL, Balance changes, (may) maintain indep. w interventions

Accepted Answer

Stage Three

Question 15

This course of MS is characterized by Acute attacks w/ full/partial recovery. Between attacks disease does not progress

Accepted Answer

Relapsing/Remitting

Question 16

Progressive, Degenerative motor neuron disease - UMN and LMN are affected.

Accepted Answer

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)

Question 17

Right CVA: Left Hemiplegia

Accepted Answer

L unilateral neglect & Ispilateral Pushing syndrome (lean to affected side), Difficulty sustaining movement/posture, Poor Judgement (safety issue), Tend to overestimate their abilities/ act unaware of deficit severity, Emotional dysregulation syndrome (pathological laughing/weeping), Quick and Impulsive

Question 18

50% of those initially diagnosed, develop this within 10 yrs and 90% within 25 yrs

Accepted Answer

Secondary Progressive

Question 19

Motor loss will occur in what parts of the body?

Accepted Answer

Facial Muscles, Extremities, Trunk

Question 20

Occurs in the anterior horn (brain stem, spinal cord, corticospinal tract)

Accepted Answer

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)

Question 21

A blood clot that forms within the vessel

Accepted Answer

Thrombus

Question 22

Interventions related to Ataxia and Tremor PT 3

Accepted Answer

Decrease effort & Decrease FM coordination demands, Pharmacological management, Experiment w/ both slow and fast movements, Provide exercise for proximal (trunk/scapula) stability

Question 23

4 Main Symptoms of Parkinson's Disease (PD) Include

Accepted Answer

Tremors (Resting, Pill Rolling), Postural Instability, Rigidity, Bradykinesia (Slow Movements)

Question 24

Education on Medication Compliance management for CVA

Accepted Answer

Recommend Telemonitoring of medication compliance in the home (if needed), Work w medical team on simplifying med regimen for client w cog. impairment, Teach client/caregiver reason for meds, side effects, why do timely refills, Train in use of adaptive equipment (pill splitter, med organizer) as needed

Question 25

Pt 2 Parkinson's Disease (PD) Other Symptoms Include

Accepted Answer

Fatigue (excessive daytime sleepiness) and Sleep Disturbances, Reduced bowel and bladder function, Orthostatic Hypotension & Emotional dis. (psychosis, anxiety, depression), Oculomotor Impairment (reduced fixation, scanning, and tracking), Cognitive Impairments (reduced attention, memory, executive functions), Sensory Disturbances (numbness, tingling, burning sensations)

Question 26

Safe Swallow Strategies include

Accepted Answer

Avoid taking liquids by straw, Staying upright after a meal, Small bites/sips, Alternating solids/liquids

Question 27

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) Corticobulbar Tract Symptoms Include

Accepted Answer

Dysphagia (swallowing), Dysarthria (speech)

Question 28

Interventions related to Ataxia and Tremor PT 1

Accepted Answer

Adaptive Devices (dycem, long straw, suction devices, built-up handles), Posture/position of activity focused on trunk support, Weights (wrist weights, weighted gloves/devices) - subtle movement disorder, Assistive technology (speakerphone, adapted mouse/keyboard), Using the environment for stability (leaning work surface, high-back chair), Orthotics/Splinting-wrist support, Thumb via oppens splint, cervical collar

Question 29

5% of diagnosed MS cases follow this course

Accepted Answer

Progressive Relapsing

Question 30

Motor paralysis on one side of the body

Accepted Answer

Hemiplegia

Question 31

A weakened blood vessel to the brain bursts, causing brain bleed, increasing pressure (tissue death)

Accepted Answer

Hemorrhagic Stroke

Question 32

Occupational Therapy goals for CVA Pt 2

Accepted Answer

Maximizing level of Independence in all areas of occupation, Maximizing functional cognitive and communication skills, Maximizing safety and independence during functional mobility, Assisting in reintegration into meaningful social participation, Education and training on adaptive techniques for residual deficits

Question 33

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) LMN Symptoms Include

Accepted Answer

Fasciculation (Muscle Twitching), Muscle Cramping, Atrophy (progressive; distal to proximal), Focal and Multi-focal Weakness

Question 34

Scar formation (plaques) that reduce the axons ability to produce impulses

Accepted Answer

Multiple Sclerosis (MS)

Question 35

Modifications for Feeding skills for people living with PD

Accepted Answer

Follow safe swallow strategies, Meals times w peak medication effects, Scoop dishes, Dycem, Long straws, Rocker knives, Cups w lids, Food/liquid consistency/thickness should be considered

Question 36

CVA symptoms (usually mild, resolve in mins-hrs) caused by a brief temporary blockage to part of the brain are known as

Accepted Answer

Transient ischemic Attacks (TIAs)

Question 37

Cognitive Strategies used by clients with MS include PT 1

Accepted Answer

Schedule difficult cognitive tasks during periods of high energy, Allow extra time for task completion and processing, Use memory aids (timers, reminder list, memory books, post-it notes, etc), Decrease environmental distractions, Avoid multitasking

Question 38

Energy Conservation Techniques PT 1

Accepted Answer

Pacing & Recognition of fatigue warning signals, Flexible home & work schedules, Successful work/rest ratio and use of compensatory strategies, Use of Electronic Aids (as needed)

Question 39

Energy Conservation Techniques PT 2

Accepted Answer

Control of Spasticity, Acceptance of a request for assistance &, Appropriate ambulatory aids & Power mobility aids (power w/c, scooter), Home/work modifications

Question 40

Left-Sided CVA: Right sided Hemiplegia Motor Impairments:

Accepted Answer

Right sided paralysis/paresis, Decreased motor control of repetitive movements (dysphagia)

Question 41

Left-Sided CVA: Right sided Hemiplegia Speech/Language Impairments:

Accepted Answer

Agraphia, Dyscalculia, impaired reading, Decreased ability to learn new things, Aphasia, Decreased understanding of gestures

Question 42

This course of MS is at a variable rate after 1 experienced a relapsing/remitting course

Accepted Answer

Secondary Progressive

Question 43

Left-Sided CVA: Right sided Hemiplegia Behavioral Impairments:

Accepted Answer

Cautious Behavior, Slow Performance, Depression

Question 44

10% of diagnosed MS cases follow this course

Accepted Answer

Primary Progressive

Question 45

CVA Parietal Lobe impaired functions

Accepted Answer

Sense of Touch, Visual Perception, Spatial Perception, Differentiation of shape, size, and color

Question 46

Modifications for Toileting Tasks for people living with PD

Accepted Answer

Bed side commodes, male/female urinals/ condom style catheters (night time), Raised toilet seat, 3:1 Commode, Toilet frame in conjunction with grab bars

Question 47

Interventions related to Ataxia and Tremor PT 2

Accepted Answer

Promote a calm/focused emotional state & Control fatigue, Keep UE stabilized against trunk, Min. the # of joints moving simultaneously during activities, Adapt activities to reduce need to reach into space, Keep the elbow on the work surface (propping)

Question 48

Right-Sided CVA: Left sided Hemiplegia Cognitive Impairments:

Accepted Answer

Poor safety awareness, insight, and judgement, Impaired attention span and impaired understanding of the whole,, Decreased creativity and impaired memory (performance)

Question 49

Sudden loss of blood supply to the brain resulting in brain cell damage and cell death

Accepted Answer

CVA or Stroke

Question 50

Left-Sided CVA: Right sided Hemiplegia Visual Impairments:

Accepted Answer

Right Visual field cuts, Visual neglect

Question 51

Unilateral tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia, min. - no functional impairment

Accepted Answer

Stage One

Question 52

Right-Sided CVA: Left sided Hemiplegia Behavioral Impairments:

Accepted Answer

Impulsivity, Emotional Lability

Question 53

Education on Diet/Weight management for CVA

Accepted Answer

Provide Home exercise/conditioning program - based on activity tolerance, Teach Client/Caregivers - reading food labels (low sodium/fat), Provide client/caregivers info - making heart-healthy food choices, work with client/caregiver - locating heart healthy recipe(online/magazine)

Question 54

Cognitive Strategies used by clients with MS include PT 2

Accepted Answer

Solve problems aloud, Keep organized (avoid clutter), Check work for accuracy, Avoid Fatigue, Delegate Responsibilities, Determine which (visual/auditory) processing system is most effective

Question 55

Unmodifiable CVA risk factors

Accepted Answer

Gender (men before 65, women after 75), Age, Genetic Predisposition, Aneurysm and Arteriovenous Malfunction (AVM), Race and Ethnicity (African Americans)

Question 56

A blood clot, plaque, or other debris that travels throughout the vessel

Accepted Answer

Embolus

Question 57

Pt 1 Parkinson's Disease (PD) Other Symptoms Include

Accepted Answer

Hand Dysfunction (reduced FM, Grip, coordination) & Skin Issues, Micrographia (small hand writing) and Muffled Speech (soft,monotone, rapid), Gait Disturbances (festinating- slow, shuffling, variable), Camptocormias (Bent Spine Syndrome) and Reduced Facial Expression, Balance Disorder and Reduced Protective Reflexes

Question 58

This course of MS progressive from the onset with clear acute relapses

Accepted Answer

Progressive Relapsing

Question 59

Thrombus/Embolus blocks the blood supply to the brain, causing a lack of oxygen to brain tissue (tissue death)

Accepted Answer

Ischemic Stroke

Question 60

This course of MS causes progressive disability without Remission from the onset of disease

Accepted Answer

Primary Progressive

Question 61

Autoimmune disorder - immune system attacks the myelin sheath (demyelination) of motor neurons

Accepted Answer

Multiple Sclerosis (MS)

Question 62

Occupational Therapy goals for CVA Pt 1

Accepted Answer

Remediating/Compensating for visual perceptual/cognitive dysfunction, Prevention of secondary complications and Injury, Facilitating typical postural/Movement patterns, Maximizing Functional use of the affected side, Maximizing AROM & PROM, strength, and motor coordination

Question 63

Left CVA: Right Hemiplegia

Accepted Answer

Speech/language disorder (aphasia), Difficulty with reading comprehension and processing info., Realistic in their appraisal of their existing problems, Behavior; Slow, Hesitant, Cautious & Disorganized, Difficulty sequencing movement (Apraxia) & performing movements on demand

Question 64

Right-Sided CVA: Left sided Hemiplegia Speech/Language Impairments:

Accepted Answer

decreased learning for familiar (old) information, Decreased ability to differentiate between gestures

What is CVA, MS, PD, ALS and Their Signs and Symptoms

Questions 77

What is CVA, MS, PD, ALS and Their Signs and Symptoms

Questions 77