Roughly speaking, what are the contents of Q?

Materials Matt and Luke share that aren’t in Mark

German scholar William Wrede said what?

Didn’t proclaim himself to be the messiah, Early Christian community invented the idea that Jesus, Tried keep identity secret and fabricated stories of Jesus’, Commands to silence to show that a messianic Jesus

What is a farewell discourse?

Final discourse Jesus delivers Gospel of John chapts. 13-16

What does Deutero-Pauline Epistles mean?

Because it’s disputed whether they were written by Paul, Letters of Ephesians, 2 Thessalonians and Colossians,, Which have a ‘secondary’ standing in Pauline Corpus

What does Biography (Greco-Roman) mean?

Literary Genre consisting of narrative of individual’s life, Subgenres to reflect important aspects of their character, Often within a chronological framework, employing numerous

Why is Mark the under-rated gospel?

Mistakes in geographical references and narrative, Clumsiest use of Greek·, Shortest, Focussed more on Galilee than Jerusalem

What are some key differences between the Synoptic Gospels and John?

Some are verbatim, Four source hypothesis links them all – excluding John, Synoptics are biographies of Jesus’ life, John an apocalypse

What does synoptic gospels mean?

Matt, Mark and Luke, which can be placed, side by side in parallel columns and so ‘be seen together’

Do we have the original NT? Why or why not?

No. Forgeries, Sometimes the manuscripts disagree w/each other, Vast majority were written centuries after the originals, No autographs for any of the writings of the NT

What is the Thematic Method?

method used study literary texts isolating leading ideas,, exploring them, seeing how they’re developed in the text,, so as to understand the author’s overarching emphases

What does passion mean?

Greek word that means ‘suffering’, Jesus’ last days, up to and including his crucifixion, used as a technical term to refer to the traditions of

Describe what we can piece together of the earliest Jesus movement?

Ministry began apocalyptic, began ministry w/baptism by John, was spiritually superior to the one being baptised, Not a story Christians would’ve been inclined to invent, Commonly understood that the one doing the baptizing

Discuss Matthew’s genealogy terms of fourteen, women and relationship previous Jewish writings?

Show Jesus has Jewish roots ultimately claim be line David, Abraham, King David, deportation Babylon, deportation Jacob, Between Father of Jews and King of Jews = 14 generations, Fourteen and Jewish Scriptures, links him back to Abraham

Describe relationship between Judaism and Hellenism and/or Judaism and the Roman Empire?

Judaism was understood everywhere religion of Roman Empire, Of cultic devotion similar to other cults in many ways, Main cultic acts this religion = animal sacrifice and prayer, Most ppl in ancient world recognised it be an ancient form

What does Pauline Corpus mean?

All letters of NT claimed to have been written by Paul

What does Gnosticism mean?

when acquired secret gnosis (Kn) who they were how escape., in this evil world of matter and could only be released only, Group ancient religions, some closely related Christianity, that maintained elements of the divine had become entrapped

Discuss how far ‘Gospel of Luke’ can be seen the ‘least Jewish’ of the three synoptic Gospels?

Turn to God in recognition of guilt, responds forgiving sins, death per se but the repentance that his death prompts, Ppl realise what done injustice, driven to knees repentance, What brings a right relationship w/God for Luke = not Jesus'

What does Baptism mean?

Earliest Christian practice of baptism in, water appears to have been a form of initiation rite

What does Marcion mean?

2nd century Christian scholar and evangelist, later labelled, a heretic for docetic Christology and his belief in 2 Gods

What does Orthodoxy mean?

Greek literally = ‘right opinion’,, term used to designate a worldview or set of beliefs, acknowledged to be true by the majority of those in power

What does epistle mean?

Another designation for a private letter

Describe the New Testament “in a nutshell.”?

Documents copied, edited and passed on over the next 300 yrs, Teachings, accounts of life and setting community guidelines, No sign of a return in sight, followers began to collect his

What does Apostolic Succession mean?

Been appointed by the successors of the apostles themselves, Proto-orthodox claim that leaders of the major churches

What 5 things did Paul teach to the Thessalonians?

Accept Kingship of Jesus as God's son and the Jewish Messiah, Turn from ideal worship&polytheism accept God of Israel, Avoid gentile behaviours - sexual immorality, Wait the salvation Jesus to come from heaven in near future

Why do some people refer to the Two Source Hypothesis as the Four Source Hypothesis?

It posits that were at least four sources to the Gospel of, and three lost sources: Q, M, and L., Matthew and the Gospel of Luke:, the Gospel of Mark,

What does apology mean?

Reasoned explanation justification one’s beliefs/practices

What happens in the end of Matthew?

Appeared to Magdalene, from whom he cast out seven demons, Rebuked them for their unbelief and hardness of heart, Appeared to the eleven themselves were reclining at table, Because had not believed those who saw him after had risen

What does Apocalypticism?

Worldview held by many Jews and Christians, Maintained that present age is controlled by forces of evil

Describe what we can piece together of the earliest Jesus movement?

Jesus in beginning, and may have changed his view,, Contextually credible as John = prophet C1st CE in Palestine, but why many apocalyptic sayings in the earliest sources, Associated w/an apocalyptic prophet in the wilderness

What does pastoral epistles mean?

NT letters that Paul allegedly wrote to 2 Pastors,, Timothy and Titus, concerning their pastoral duties

What does socio-historical method mean?

method used to study a literary text that seeks reconstruct, the social history of the community that lay behind

What does samaritans mean?

and half-breeds, since their lineage could be traced back to, intermarriages between Jews&pagans centuries before NT, Inhabitants of Samaria, considered by Jews to be apostates

What does Herod Antipas mean?

was involved w/trial of Jesus acc to Luke, this is the Herod who executed John the Baptist, Son of Herod the Great, ruler of Galilee from 4-39 CE

What does Judicial Model mean?

1 of the 2 main ways that Paul understood or conceptualised, The relationship between Christ’s death and salvation

Which elements of Luke/Acts cause scholars to date it much later than Mark and Matthew?

have ‘come near’ in ministry of Jesus’ disciples (10:9,11), said already ‘come to you’ in Jesus’ own ministry (11:20),, already be ‘among you’ in person of Jesus himself (17:21), Clear several stories found Luke: Kingdom of God is said to

What does pseudonymity mean?

practice of writing under a fictitious name

What does pseudepigrapha mean?

From Greek literally meaning ‘false writings’ and commonly, literary texts, many of which were written pseudonymously, referring to ancient non-canonical Jewish and Christian

How does Matthew depict Jesus as the new Moses?

Teachings of Jesus meant provide guidance followers children, Of the Kingdom of Heaven – follow Moses by following Jesus, If Law of Moses meant provide divine guidance for Jews

Which elements of Luke/Acts cause scholars to date it much later than Mark and Matthew?

him the Kingdom of God is already present in Jesus’ ministry, Luke, the disciples already see the Kingdom of God, as for, Luke = some won’t taste death until “see the Kingdom of God”

Why is Q interesting for devotional use?

Because closest proximity (geographically and temporally), What it wld have been like to follow him while he was alive

Discuss how Luke depicts Jesus as a rejected prophet?

Reads from book of Isaiah, which prophet claims be anointed, Jesus is invited to read and comment on the scriptures, and, Demand proof by performing miracles, Jesus claims that predictions of prophet fulfilled, by him

Discuss how Luke depicts Jesus as a rejected prophet?

Jews rise up in anger vs Jesus after, Prophet of God = rejected by his own ppl, Sermon and try to push him off a cliff, but he escapes, They’ll eventually call for his death

Discuss how Luke depicts Jesus as a rejected prophet?

Because of this rejection, his message à gentiles, Jesus uses to show that he fulfils the prophecy of Isaiah, Prophet won’t receive warm welcome in Israel among own ppl, Elisha was sent to heal not the lepers of Israel but Naaman

What happens in the end of John?

Whoever believes and is baptized will be saved, Go into world and proclaim the gospel to the whole creation.

What does Messiah mean?

and translated into Greek as Christos - Christ., From a Hebrew word that literally means ‘anointed one’,

What does Essenes mean?

Apocalyptic&ascetic Jewish sect started during the Maccabean, period, members of which are generally thought, to have produced the Dead Sea Scrolls

studbud

New Testament Final

170 termsStudBud Administration28 plays

Theology First Year

Flashcards170 cardsFPractice quizPHost liveL

Questions 170

Answers

1
Roughly speaking, what are the contents of Q?
Materials Matt and Luke share that aren’t in John
Materials Matt and Luke share that aren’t in Mark
2
German scholar William Wrede said what?
Didn’t proclaim himself to be the messiah
Early Christian community invented the idea that Jesus
Tried keep identity secret and fabricated stories of Jesus’
Commands to silence to show that a messianic Jesus
3
What is a farewell discourse?
Final discourse Jesus delivers Gospel of John chapts. 14-17
Final discourse Jesus delivers Gospel of John chapts. 13-16
4
What does Deutero-Pauline Epistles mean?
Because it’s disputed whether they were written by Paul
Letters of Ephesians, 2 Thessalonians and Colossians,
Which have a ‘secondary’ standing in Pauline Corpus
5
What does Biography (Greco-Roman) mean?
Literary Genre consisting of narrative of individual’s life
Subgenres to reflect important aspects of their character
Often within a chronological framework, employing numerous
6
Why is Mark the under-rated gospel?
Mistakes in geographical references and narrative
Clumsiest use of Greek·
Shortest
Focussed more on Galilee than Jerusalem
7
What are some key differences between the Synoptic Gospels and John?
Some are verbatim
Four source hypothesis links them all – excluding John
Synoptics are biographies of Jesus’ life, John an apocalypse
8
What does synoptic gospels mean?
Matt, Mark and Luke, which can be placed
side by side in parallel columns and so ‘be seen together’
9
Do we have the original NT? Why or why not?
No. Forgeries
Sometimes the manuscripts disagree w/each other
Vast majority were written centuries after the originals
No autographs for any of the writings of the NT
10
What is the Thematic Method?
method used study literary texts isolating leading ideas,
exploring them, seeing how they’re developed in the text,
so as to understand the author’s overarching emphases
11
What does passion mean?
Greek word that means ‘suffering’
Jesus’ last days, up to and including his crucifixion
used as a technical term to refer to the traditions of
12
Describe what we can piece together of the earliest Jesus movement?
Ministry began apocalyptic, began ministry w/baptism by John
was spiritually superior to the one being baptised
Not a story Christians would’ve been inclined to invent
Commonly understood that the one doing the baptizing
13
Discuss Matthew’s genealogy terms of fourteen, women and relationship previous Jewish writings?
Show Jesus has Jewish roots ultimately claim be line David
Abraham, King David, deportation Babylon, deportation Jacob
Between Father of Jews and King of Jews = 14 generations
Fourteen and Jewish Scriptures, links him back to Abraham
14
Which gospel has the poorest writing?
John
Luke
Mark
Matthew
15
Describe relationship between Judaism and Hellenism and/or Judaism and the Roman Empire?
Judaism was understood everywhere religion of Roman Empire
Of cultic devotion similar to other cults in many ways
Main cultic acts this religion = animal sacrifice and prayer
Most ppl in ancient world recognised it be an ancient form
16
What does Pauline Corpus mean?
All letters of OT claimed to have been written by Paul
All letters of NT claimed to have been written by Paul
17
Did most people in the ancient world believe in an afterlife?
Yes
No
18
What does Gnosticism mean?
when acquired secret gnosis (Kn) who they were how escape.
in this evil world of matter and could only be released only
Group ancient religions, some closely related Christianity
that maintained elements of the divine had become entrapped
19
Discuss how far ‘Gospel of Luke’ can be seen the ‘least Jewish’ of the three synoptic Gospels?
Turn to God in recognition of guilt, responds forgiving sins
death per se but the repentance that his death prompts
Ppl realise what done injustice, driven to knees repentance
What brings a right relationship w/God for Luke = not Jesus'
20
What does Baptism mean?
Earliest Christian practice of baptism in
water appears to have been a form of initiation rite
21
Which of the following is not an apocryphal gospel?
a) Thomas
b) Mary
c) Judas
d) Simon
22
What does Marcion mean?
2nd century Christian scholar and evangelist, later labelled
a heretic for docetic Christology and his belief in 2 Gods
3rd century Christian scholar and evangelist, later labelled
23
What does Orthodoxy mean?
Greek literally = ‘right opinion’,
term used to designate a worldview or set of beliefs
acknowledged to be true by the majority of those in power
24
What does epistle mean?
Another designation for a private letter
Another designation for a public letter
25
Describe the New Testament “in a nutshell.”?
Documents copied, edited and passed on over the next 300 yrs
Teachings, accounts of life and setting community guidelines
No sign of a return in sight, followers began to collect his
Documents copied, edited and passed on over the next 400 yrs
26
What does Apostolic Succession mean?
Been appointed by the successors of the apostles themselves
Proto-orthodox claim that leaders of the major churches
27
What 5 things did Paul teach to the Thessalonians?
Accept Kingship of Jesus as God's son and the Jewish Messiah
Turn from ideal worship&polytheism accept God of Israel
Avoid gentile behaviours - sexual immorality
Wait the salvation Jesus to come from heaven in near future
28
Why do some people refer to the Two Source Hypothesis as the Four Source Hypothesis?
It posits that were at least four sources to the Gospel of
and three lost sources: Q, M, and L.
Matthew and the Gospel of Luke:
the Gospel of Mark,
29
In which language is the New Testament predominantly written?
Jewish
Greek
Arabic
Roman
30
What does apology mean?
Reasoned explanation justification one’s beliefs/practices
Reasoned explanation justification groups beliefs/practices
31
What happens in the end of Matthew?
Appeared to Magdalene, from whom he cast out seven demons
Rebuked them for their unbelief and hardness of heart
Appeared to the eleven themselves were reclining at table
Because had not believed those who saw him after had risen
32
How many books are there in the NT?
d) 72
b) 27
c) 28
a) 4
33
What does Apocalypticism?
Worldview held by many Jews and Christians
Maintained that present age is controlled by forces of evil
34
Describe what we can piece together of the earliest Jesus movement?
Jesus in beginning, and may have changed his view,
Contextually credible as John = prophet C1st CE in Palestine
but why many apocalyptic sayings in the earliest sources
Associated w/an apocalyptic prophet in the wilderness
35
What does pastoral epistles mean?
NT letters that Paul allegedly wrote to 2 Pastors,
Timothy and Titus, concerning their pastoral duties
36
What does socio-historical method mean?
method used to study a literary text that seeks reconstruct
the social history of the community that lay behind
37
What does samaritans mean?
and half-breeds, since their lineage could be traced back to
intermarriages between Jews&pagans centuries before NT
Inhabitants of Samaria, considered by Jews to be apostates
38
What does Herod Antipas mean?
was involved w/trial of Jesus acc to Luke
this is the Herod who executed John the Baptist
Son of Herod the Great, ruler of Galilee from 4-39 CE
39
What does Judicial Model mean?
1 of the 2 main ways that Paul understood or conceptualised
The relationship between Christ’s death and salvation
40
Which elements of Luke/Acts cause scholars to date it much later than Mark and Matthew?
have ‘come near’ in ministry of Jesus’ disciples (10:9,11)
said already ‘come to you’ in Jesus’ own ministry (11:20),
already be ‘among you’ in person of Jesus himself (17:21)
Clear several stories found Luke: Kingdom of God is said to
41
What does pseudonymity mean?
practice of writing under a nonfictitious name
practice of writing under a fictitious name
42
What does pseudepigrapha mean?
From Greek literally meaning ‘false writings’ and commonly
literary texts, many of which were written pseudonymously
referring to ancient non-canonical Jewish and Christian
43
How does Matthew depict Jesus as the new Moses?
Teachings of Jesus meant provide guidance followers children
Of the Kingdom of Heaven – follow Moses by following Jesus
If Law of Moses meant provide divine guidance for Jews
44
Which elements of Luke/Acts cause scholars to date it much later than Mark and Matthew?
him the Kingdom of God is already present in Jesus’ ministry
Luke, the disciples already see the Kingdom of God, as for
Luke = some won’t taste death until “see the Kingdom of God”
45
Why is Q interesting for devotional use?
Because closest proximity (geographically and temporally)
What it wld have been like to follow him while he was alive
46
Discuss how Luke depicts Jesus as a rejected prophet?
Reads from book of Isaiah, which prophet claims be anointed
Jesus is invited to read and comment on the scriptures, and
Demand proof by performing miracles
Jesus claims that predictions of prophet fulfilled, by him
47
Discuss how Luke depicts Jesus as a rejected prophet?
Jews rise up in anger vs Jesus after
Prophet of God = rejected by his own ppl
Sermon and try to push him off a cliff, but he escapes
They’ll eventually call for his death
48
Discuss how Luke depicts Jesus as a rejected prophet?
Because of this rejection, his message à gentiles
Jesus uses to show that he fulfils the prophecy of Isaiah
Prophet won’t receive warm welcome in Israel among own ppl
Elisha was sent to heal not the lepers of Israel but Naaman
49
What happens in the end of John?
Whoever believes and is baptized will be saved
Go into world and proclaim the gospel to the whole creation.
50
What does Messiah mean?
and translated into Greek as Christos - Christ.
From a Hebrew word that literally means ‘anointed one’,
51
What does Essenes mean?
Apocalyptic&ascetic Jewish sect started during the Maccabean
period, members of which are generally thought
to have produced the Dead Sea Scrolls
52
Discuss the term “gospel” and the term “gospels"?
Give a particular type of performance what Jesus meant
Loads of these storytellers/teachers saying their Gospel
53
What does First fruits of the Resurrection mean?
Phrase used by Paul to refer to Jesus as the
first one to be raised from the dead.
54
Describe relationship between Judaism and Hellenism and/or Judaism and the Roman Empire?
Law (Torah) some laws peculiar circumcision sign covenant
Pagans thought were committing forced mutilation
Covenant of God w/Jews – God had chosen Israel
Therefore will protect Jews in return for their faith in Him
55
“Luke, the travelling companion of Paul, is most likely the author of ‘The Gospel of Luke’.”
Anonymous written by Greek-speaking Christian Palestine
C2nd attributed to Luke [travelling companion to Paul]
Sketch of life and death of Jesus
Kind of Greco-Roman (GR) biography of Jesus
56
What does Docetism mean?
View that Jesus wasn’t a human being but only appeared to be
from Greek word meaning ‘to seem/appear’
57
What does Honi the Circle Drawer mean?
1st century BCE Galilean who was reputed to have
done miracles and had experiences similar to those of Jesus
58
What does secessionists mean?
Members of Johannine Community who, acc to author of 1 John,
had ‘seceded’ (left) community form community of their own.
59
Describe the life and reception of Apollonius of Tyana in as much detail as possible?
End of his life, enemies trumped up charges
Their faith was built on no. miracles that he had performed
vs him and was placed on trial for crimes vs state
Convinced he was the Son of God
60
What does Johannine Community mean?
Community of Christians in which the Gospel of John
Some of its history using the socio-historical method
And Johannine Epistles were written.
We don’t know where it was, but we can reconstruct
61
What is meant by the synoptic problem?
Problems of explaining sims and diffs between 4 Synoptics
Problems of explaining sims and diffs between 3 Synoptics
62
What does Apocalypse mean?
Reports symbolic dreams or visions which reveal the heavenly
Mysteries that can make sense of earthly realities
A literary genre in which an author, usually pseudonymous
63
“Luke, the travelling companion of Paul, is most likely the author of ‘The Gospel of Luke’.”
Author appears to have meant for these to be read together
Acts = narrates the birth and life of the
Christian church that emerged afterward
64
What does signs source mean?
Document, which no longer survives, thought by many scholars
to be one of sources of Jesus’ ministry of the 4th Gospel
65
Marcionite Christians according to Marcion?
Discovered truth of Christianity in Paul
Impart the truth of the Gospel. Jesus was therefore not acc
Born and didn’t have a body. Jesus only seemed to be human
Paul true apostle whom Christ appeared after resurrection
66
What does Holy of Holies mean?
Day of Atonement, make a sacrifice for the sins of the ppl
Innermost part of the Jewish Temple in Jerusalem, which was
Completely empty, God’s presence earth believed to dwell.
No one could enter this room apart from high priest on
67
Discuss the authorship of each of the 4 canonical gospels?
Don’t know author, ‘The Gospel acc to Matt’ added long after
Matthew
Not know who author was only he was Greek-speaking Christian
Mark
68
Proto-orthodox?
had been secret, accessible only to the elect few.
Agreed w/Gnostics that Jesus taught the way of salvation,
but disagreed when said that he was 2 beings rather than one
and when they claimed that his true teachings
69
How many manuscripts or partial manuscripts do we have of the NT?
d) 5700
b) 27
c) approximately 7 million
a) 3800
70
Which other ancient genre is the most like gospels?
Prophets
Metaphors
Eulogy
Biography
71
How far ‘Gospel of Luke’ seen as ‘least Jewish’ of three synoptic Gospels. Supersessionism?
Wants to show that, and how, the one universal
Precedents and patterns in Hebrew Bible
Spurned prophet fate Israel’s God away Jews toward nations
God’s favour moved from Jews to non-Jews
72
Most people in the Greco-Roman world held ________________ beliefs.
a) monotheistic
b) polytheistic
c) Buddhist
d) Jewish
73
Gnostic Christians?
God was just vengeful and righteous,
but the Creator-God of the OT was
a malformed and ignorant deity
Unlike Marcion, didn’t believe OT
74
What are the 4 literary genres found in the NT?
Gospels, Acts, Epistles, Revelation
Gospels, Attributes, Epistles, Apocalypse
Gospels, Acts, Epistles, Apocalypse
Gospels, Acts, Eugologies, Apocalypse
75
Discuss the term “gospel” and the term “gospels"?
Political word insofar it is gift from emperor to the city
Word like ‘covenant’ meant no more than a will to non-Jews
City gave loyalty to emperor, return emperor promised favour
City has emperor’s Gospel (plaque)
76
What does dead sea scrolls mean?
Ancient Jewish writings discovered in several caves
Near the northwest edge of the Dead Sea
77
What does Proto-Orthodox Christianity mean?
centuries, which promoted doctrines that
Form of Christianity endorsed by some in the 2nd and 3rd
were declared ‘orthodox’ in the 4th
78
Sum up Matthew’s message in a nutshell?
Jesus rejected by Jewish leaders, lambasted failure keep Law
Jesus as new Moses, provides correct interpretation of Law
Jesus stresses that his followers must adhere to Jewish Law
Stresses Jesus’ Jewishness, messiah sent from Jewish God
79
Describe what we can piece together of the earliest Jesus movement?
Between apocalyptic John and Christian Church = Jesus
Of followers throughout the Mediterranean
After death those believed in him established communities
Fact ministry began ended apocalyptically only connection
80
Which two written sources did Luke and Matthew incorporate into their gospels?
Mark and Q
Gospels and Q
81
What does comparative method mean?
Any of these texts used as a source for the text in question
A method used to study literary texts by noting
Its sims and diffs from other, related texts, whether or not
82
What does Gospel Harmony mean?
by incorporating various account into one
into a longer, more complete Gospel,
Any literary attempt take several Gospels and combine them
83
Discuss the term “gospel” and the term “gospels"?
God has sent them a Gospel
Metaphor for relationship of God to this group of followers
Needed word could use in gentile context that’d capture idea
Started as political idea that the emperor gave to the city
84
Sara’s hypothesis as to why gospels were not written down until decades after Jesus’ death?
Didn’t see the need to write stories until long after death
Took ages to decide which works of Jesus were
Jesus gonna return with Kingdom of God and world would end
Considered authoritative, and then would be canonised
85
What does donkey have with the debate over whether the author of Matthew’s gospel was Jewish?
Fact used Jewish writing technique incorrectly
OT parallelism emphasis but Matthews author seems to have
misunderstood Jesus’ followers having got him two animals
"mounted on a donkey, and on a colt, the foal of a donkey"
86
What is redaction criticism?
Their sources in view of own vested interests and concerns
Study of how authors modified or edited (redacted)
87
How are the disciples portrayed in Mark?
Growth of understanding as the book progresses
Rather dim and misunderstand Jesus·
Rather clever and understand Jesus·
Lack of understanding gets worse as the book progresses
88
What does Epicureans mean?
Of human life and so were not to be feared or placated.
Ancient groups of followers of Greek philosopher Epicurus,
Who maintained that the gods were removed from the concerns
89
What does Iraneus mean?
for Gnostics and other ‘heretical’ groups
Famous proto-orthodox Church Father and ‘heresiologist’
of the 2nd century, whose 5-volume work Against Heresies,
written around 180 CE, is a major source of info
90
Who was Herod the Great?
Ruler of all of Galilee, Samaria, and Judea from 40-4 BCE;
Attempt to destroy the infant Jesus (Matt)
Known Christian history for killing baby boys of Bethlehem
this Herod was allegedly ruling when Jesus was born,
91
Describe the New Testament “in a nutshell.”?
Kingdom of God to earth to undergo eternal judgement
Characterised as a Jewish Apocalyptic reform movement·
Expected him to return soon and bring the
Gained following of ppl who remained loyal after his death
92
What is Q? (Or what is the Two Source Hypothesis?)
Sayings that Matt and Luke used,
Hypothetical because reconstructed from common sayings Matt
Q is the source Luke and Matthew used, but Mark didn’t use
Q is a hypothetical (lost) written list of Jesus’
93
Define the term “canon.”?
Collection of books accepted authoritative by council
Collection of books accepted authoritative by religious body
94
Describe relationship between Judaism and Hellenism and/or Judaism and the Roman Empire?
Jews denied existence of hierarchy of supernatural beings
Prayers were important part of worship of the Jewish God,
Diff to other rels as was monotheistic
Usually addressing personal or communal needs
95
“Law” is a rather wooden translation of “Torah,” what would be some better translations?
Guidance or direction
Teachings or practices
96
What is strange about the ending of Mark?
Gospel simply ends – Mark no account of anyone seeing Jesus
Recounts visit Magdalene to tomb Jesus early Sunday morning
Matt, Luke and John report future epiphanies or ‘sightings’
Reason why Mark placed 2nd Bible, but various endings added
97
What does Charismatic Communities mean?
Communities of believers that weren’t led appointed leaders
useful for the functioning of the entire group
upon each member of the community.
but by the Spirit of God, which bestowed a particular gift
98
Explore what the formal preface at start of Luke might tell us about its style and authorship?
Could generic title for nonJewish churches, title individual
Perhaps a Christian patron of Luke who commissioned a Gospel
99
Who wrote the first gospel? (Or: who invented the gospel as a literary genre?)
C) John
A) Matthew
B) Mark
D) Luke
100
Define “synoptic.”?
Viewed Apart
Seen Together
101
What is the Messianic Secret?
Technical term used one of intriguing literary features Mark
Idea is that he did actually see himself as the messiah
Idea is that he didn’t actually see himself as the messiah
Though Jesus shown be Messiah, tries keep identity secret
102
How does Luke's birth narrative differ from Matthew’s and what is the significance of this?
Matthew are from Bethlehem, only end up Nazareth later
Luke, Joseph&Mary from Nazareth only Bethlehem temporarily
103
What does Hasmoneans mean?
that began the revolt vs Syria in 167 BCE
Alternative name for Maccabeans, family of Jewish priests
Ruled Israel prior to the Roman conquest of 63 BCE
104
What is an apologia?
Standard form of speech/writing in ancient world
Standard form of speech/writing in present world
105
Why is Mark the under-rated gospel?
Didn’t satisfy everyone’s likes or needs
No birth narrative – Jesus starts as an adult
Other gospels were written because Mark
Strange abrupt ending w/no sightings of Jesus·
106
What does Athanasius mean?
Of large and important church in Alexandria, Egypt.
Influential 4th century CE Church Father and Bishop
First church writer to list 27 NT books as forming the canon
107
Describe the life and reception of Apollonius of Tyana in as much detail as possible?
Apollonius’ followers did same about Jesus
Lived at around the same time as Jesus but never met
Jesus followers made claims the Apollonius = false
Were reportedly similar
108
What is Four-Source Hypothesis Synoptic Problem 4 sources behind Gospels of Matt, Mark and Luke
Q source for Matt&Luke, not Mark (just in Matt and Luke)
M was the source for stuff only found in Matt
L was the stuff only found in Luke
Mark was the source for Matt&Luke (stuff that’s in all 3)
109
What does Apostolic Fathers mean?
Have been followers of the apostles
Collection of noncanonical writings penned by proto-orthodox
Christians of the 2nd century who were thought to
110
What does Nero mean?
allegedly martyred in Rome, as part of his persecution of
Roman Emperor 54-68 CE, under his reign both Peter and Paul
Christians for the fire that destroyed much of the city
111
What does Hellenization mean?
Starting w/conquests of Alexander the Great
Spread of Greek lang and culture throughout the Med
112
Discuss Matthew’s genealogy terms of fourteen, women and relationship previous Jewish writings?
As there was between King of Jews and greatest catastrophe
Acc to divine providence and history CULMINATED IN Jesus
The ultimate deliverer of the Jews, the messiah
Genealogy suggests entire course Israel’s history proceeded
113
What does hersey mean?
worldview deemed by those in power to be leading
worldview deemed by those in power to be deviant
114
Do we have the original NT? Why or why not?
Even though there are loads of manuscripts very few that are
Early, and most produced centuries after originals
Our first reasonably complete copy of John = 200 CE
Long time after John was acc written
115
Discuss the authorship of each of the 4 canonical gospels?
Luke – Anonymous and appears to have been written
In connected narrative of his words and deeds
By a Greek-speaking Christian living outside Palestine
Matt chose like Mark bring together stories about Jesus
116
What is strange about the ending of Mark?
Most reliable Greek copies and was clearly not Markan style
Ending false but ppl loved, isn't found in Mark’s earliest
Obvious took sections of the endings of Matt, Luke and John
117
What does beloved disciple mean?
Plays prominent role in Passion narrative but is never named
Nickname for the ‘disciple whom Jesus loved’ in Gospel John
118
What does Apollonius of Tyana mean?
Pagan philosopher holy man C1st CE, reported to do miracles
Pagan philosopher holy man C2nd CE, reported to do miracles
119
Why is Q interesting for historians?
Rather than mixed or Gentile
Peasant rather than elite, and completely Jewish
Originated in a community that is rural rather than urban
Because it’s another source that was used in Matt and Luke
120
What does Messianic Secret mean?
of Gospel of Mark, which is that even though Jesus is shown
To be the Messiah, he tries to keep his identity a secret
Technical term used one of the intriguing literary features
121
What does Genre mean?
Literature w/specific literary features – ancient world =
biographies, epic poems, general histories and many others.
Major genres of NT = Gospels, Acts, Epistles and Apocalypses
122
Discuss how Luke depicts Jesus as a rejected prophet?
Recounts 2 familiar stories from the Jewish scriptures about
Jesus responds launching into extended sermon, [only Luke]
Elijah sent assist widow Zarephath during extended drought
Prophets who were sent by God, not to Jews but to Gentiles
123
Who was Honi the Circle Drawer?
1st century BCE Galilean who was reputed to have done
2nd century BCE Galilean who was reputed to have done
Miracles and had experiences similar to those of Jesus
Miracles and had experiences similar to those of John
124
What does Sethians mean?
Prominent group of Gnostics known from 2nd-3rd century
divine realm and the material world came into being
sources, who told complicated myths about how the
125
What does Paganism mean?
Any of the polytheistic religions of the Greco-Roman world,
Umbrella term ancient Med other Judaism&Christianity
126
What did Beatitudes mean?
Latin word literally meaning ‘blessings’ used as a technical
Term for sayings of Jesus that begin the Sermon on the Mount
127
What is the problem with this?
Joram is the great-great-grandfather of Uzziah, not his dad
Breaks the 14 generations ‘thing’
128
Discuss the authorship of each of the 4 canonical gospels?
John – anonymous
Since 2nd century = attributed to John the son of Zebedee
2nd century attributed to Luke, travelling companion of Paul
Congregations first century made use other written sources
129
What does literary-historical method mean?
Method used to study a literary text by asking how its genre
Text functioned in its historical context
by exploring its historical meaning
130
What does contextual method mean?
Its social and historical context and then using that
Method used to study a literary text by first determining
context to help explain that text’s meaning
131
Discuss how far ‘Gospel of Luke’ can be seen the ‘least Jewish’ of the three synoptic Gospels?
of the Jewish people for always rejecting prophets and Jesus
Some scholars have argued that because of this denigration
For Luke, biggest sin of all is killing God’s prophet
Luke is probably to be seen as an “anti-Jewish” Gospel.
132
How does Matthew depict Jesus as the new Moses?
Jesus = teacher rejected by the majority like Moses was
Sermon on the Mount is the first of 5 major blocks of Jesus’
Teaching in Matt could represent 5 books of Law of Moses
133
Gnostic Chrisitans?
Some agreed Marcion Jesus divine and not a human.
Agreed Adoptionists baptism was the moment at which a divine
Jesus represented diff God to the one that created the world
Human Jesus and divine Jesus.
134
Explore what the formal preface at start of Luke might tell us about its style and authorship?
Lk is the only Gospel with a dedication ( Lk 1:1; Acts 1:1)
Lk is the only Gospel with a dedication ( Lk 2:1; Acts 2:1)
Theophilus means ‘follower of God’. We know nothing more.
Theophilus means ‘lover of God’. We know nothing more.
135
What does redaction Criticism mean?
in view of their own vested interests and concerns
Study of how authors modified or edited their sources
136
Describe the New Testament “in a nutshell.”?
27 books, all 3 branches of Christians
Authors Jewish, collected by non-Jews·
Spawned movement ‘Early Christianity’
Revolve Jesus of Nazareth, gained title ‘Jesus (the) Christ’
137
Discuss some reasons for changes, mistakes, or variations in manuscripts of the New Testament?
Mistakes/misinterpretation/edits to fit the author’s agenda
Copies had to be handwritten
Damaged or lost parts had to be done by hand
Errors corrected when scribe realises predecessor mistake
138
What does Maccabean Revolt mean?
Starting in 167 BCE, in protest vs the forced imposition
of Hellenistic culture and the proscription of
Jewish practices like circumcision
Jewish uprising vs Syrians and king, Antiochus Epiphanes,
139
Give a basic sketch of Greco-Roman religiosity?
Many ppl didn’t hold a firm belief in life after death
No necessary articles of faith for devotees
No ethical demands and played virtually no role in practice
No such thing as a separation of the church and the state
140
Give a basic sketch of Greco-Roman religiosity?
That if you worship one God, you cannot worship another
Virtually no one in the pagan world argued
Pagan religions of Roman Empire no national or international
Organisation elected leaders had jurisdiction local cuts
141
What does Markan priority mean?
written and was one of the sources used by Matt and Luke
View that Mark was the first of the Synoptic Gospels to be
142
Which word best describes Judaism in the Second-Temple period?
a) diverse
c) legalistic
b) polytheistic
d) rabbinic
143
Discuss the basileia of God in a first-century context?
· Reign of the messiah
· Reign of the teacher
· Reign of the prophet
· Reign of the pope
144
What does Pharisees mean?
to the purity laws set forth in Torah
Maccabean period, that emphasised strict adherence
Jewish sect, which may have originated during the
145
Describe the life and reception of Apollonius of Tyana in as much detail as possible?
Others claimed appeared alive to them, and talked to them
Worshiper of Roman gods whose life teachings still available
No. his followers spread the good news about him recounting
After death, some claimed he had ascended bodily into heaven
146
Discuss Matthew’s genealogy terms of fourteen, women and relationship previous Jewish writings?
14 between David and Babylon,
14 generations between Abraham and David
Coincidence
14 between Babylon and Jesus
147
Mention 5 differences from modern western religiosity. In modern western religiosity there is?
Beliefs about the afterlife
Sacred written authorities
Doctrinal statements, Ethical commitments
Religious organisation and hierarchy
148
What does valentinians mean?
Group of 2nd-3rd century Gnostics who followed teachings of
Valentinus w/a set of myths comparable those of Sethians,
More closely aligned w/beliefs of proto-orthodox Christians
149
What does Ignatius mean?
Letters are inc. among the writings of the Apostolic Fathers
On journey to martyrdom wrote 7 letters still survive
Bishop of Antioch Syria, C2nd arrested by Roman authorities
For Christian activities sent to Rome thrown to wild beasts
150
What does undisputed Pauline epistles mean?
Galatians, Philippians
Romans, 1 and 2 Corinthians
Philemon, 1 Thessalonians
151
What is scriptio continua and why cause a problem when looking at early NT manuscripts?
No punctuation, no paragraphs which makes it
Hard to interpret correctly what the author meant
Continuous writing – in ancient world
No distinction between lower and capital letter
152
Discuss the term “gospel” and the term “gospels"?
Christian community performed memory that they had a Gospel
Just as a city proud recall fact it had an imperial Gospel
Gospel basically Jesus, Remember one performs the Gospel
Political term, religious metaphor, Jesus metaphor
153
List 5 of Luke’s distinctive emphases compared with other gospels?
Connection of Jesus’ and disciples’ stories to world events
Jesus’ relationship to Jerusalem care for poor and outcast
Importance of compassion and justice•
More mention of women than in other gospels, serving roles
154
Discuss the authorship of each of the 4 canonical gospels?
Before could canonise, knew was Greek construct narrative
Proto-orthodox Christians needed to ‘know’ who wrote Matt
Tax collector named in Matt 9:9, tradition raised suspicion
True old tradition author was none other than Matthew
155
What does Presbyter mean?
Greek word literally meaning ‘elder’
Greek word literally meaning ‘teacher’
156
What is supersessionism?
Replacement/fulfillment theology Christian doctrine asserts
exclusively with Jewish people
New Covenant through Jesus supersedes Old Covenant,
Show one universal God’s favour moved from Jews to non-Jews
157
What does Gospel mean?
By Jesus Christ, inc. episodes involving words and/or deeds
Literary genre capitalised – written account of ‘good news’
Not capitalised = proclamation good news Christ’s salvation
Capitalised = proclamation good news Christ’s salvation
158
Jewish-Christian Adoptionists?
Was adopted at his baptism, when he emerged from the waters
Spirit of God descended upon him as a dove
of the Jordan, he saw the heavens above and the
159
What does Sadducees mean?
Jewish party associated w/Temple cult and Jewish priests
who ran it, comprising mainly Jewish aristocracy in Judea.
160
True or False: In the Greco-Roman world, there was a middle class?
True
False
161
Which elements of Luke/Acts cause scholars to date it much later than Mark and Matthew?
Mark and Matt, end = imminent
Mark 9:1 = Jesus claims some disciples won’t taste death
Luke – prediction is worded differently
Jesus doesn’t envisage the world ending imminently
162
What is the Participations Model?
The relationship between Christ’s death and salvation.
1 of the 2 main ways that Paul understood or conceptualised
163
Proto-orthodox?
but disagreed when these ppl denied that he was divine.
but disagreed when they denied that he was human.
Agreed w/Jewish Christians that Jesus was completely human,
Agreed w/Marcionites said that Jesus was completely divine,
164
Explore what the formal preface at start of Luke might tell us about its style and authorship?
In that it emphasizes that the writer has done research,
Of its genre so far, as well as including a dedication
Mentions sources, and implies that this is the best work
Luke’s preface typical for Greco-Roman historical writings
165
What does Q mean?
Source used both by Matt and Luke for the stories they share
principally sayings, that aren’t found in Mark
166
What does Greco-Roman World mean?
Lands around the Med from time of Alexander the Great
To the Emperor Constantine (300 BCE – 300 CE)
167
Describe the life and reception of Apollonius of Tyana in as much detail as possible?
Prior birth heavenly figure appear announced son be divine
Spread his good news from village to town·
Was recognised as a spiritual authority in his youth·
Had no. disciples who were amazed at his teachings
168
What is the Synoptic Problem?
And disagreements among three Gospels [Mark, Matt and Luke]
The problem of how to explain the wide-ranging agreements
169
Explain the Four-Source Hypothesis using only a diagram?
Mark points down to Matthew and diagonal to Luke
Q points down to Luke and diagonal to Matthew
Mark and Q at top, Matthew below Mark, Luke below Q
170
Define Markan priority?
Was one of the sources used by Matt and Luke
View that mark was the first Gospel to be written

New Testament Final Flashcards | StudBud

New Testament Final

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Theology First Year

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Questions 170

Answers

1
Roughly speaking, what are the contents of Q?
Materials Matt and Luke share that aren’t in John
Materials Matt and Luke share that aren’t in Mark
2
German scholar William Wrede said what?
Didn’t proclaim himself to be the messiah
Early Christian community invented the idea that Jesus
Tried keep identity secret and fabricated stories of Jesus’
Commands to silence to show that a messianic Jesus
3
What is a farewell discourse?
Final discourse Jesus delivers Gospel of John chapts. 14-17
Final discourse Jesus delivers Gospel of John chapts. 13-16
4
What does Deutero-Pauline Epistles mean?
Because it’s disputed whether they were written by Paul
Letters of Ephesians, 2 Thessalonians and Colossians,
Which have a ‘secondary’ standing in Pauline Corpus
5
What does Biography (Greco-Roman) mean?
Literary Genre consisting of narrative of individual’s life
Subgenres to reflect important aspects of their character
Often within a chronological framework, employing numerous
6
Why is Mark the under-rated gospel?
Mistakes in geographical references and narrative
Clumsiest use of Greek·
Shortest
Focussed more on Galilee than Jerusalem
7
What are some key differences between the Synoptic Gospels and John?
Some are verbatim
Four source hypothesis links them all – excluding John
Synoptics are biographies of Jesus’ life, John an apocalypse
8
What does synoptic gospels mean?
Matt, Mark and Luke, which can be placed
side by side in parallel columns and so ‘be seen together’
9
Do we have the original NT? Why or why not?
No. Forgeries
Sometimes the manuscripts disagree w/each other
Vast majority were written centuries after the originals
No autographs for any of the writings of the NT
10
What is the Thematic Method?
method used study literary texts isolating leading ideas,
exploring them, seeing how they’re developed in the text,
so as to understand the author’s overarching emphases
11
What does passion mean?
Greek word that means ‘suffering’
Jesus’ last days, up to and including his crucifixion
used as a technical term to refer to the traditions of
12
Describe what we can piece together of the earliest Jesus movement?
Ministry began apocalyptic, began ministry w/baptism by John
was spiritually superior to the one being baptised
Not a story Christians would’ve been inclined to invent
Commonly understood that the one doing the baptizing
13
Discuss Matthew’s genealogy terms of fourteen, women and relationship previous Jewish writings?
Show Jesus has Jewish roots ultimately claim be line David
Abraham, King David, deportation Babylon, deportation Jacob
Between Father of Jews and King of Jews = 14 generations
Fourteen and Jewish Scriptures, links him back to Abraham
14
Which gospel has the poorest writing?
John
Luke
Mark
Matthew
15
Describe relationship between Judaism and Hellenism and/or Judaism and the Roman Empire?
Judaism was understood everywhere religion of Roman Empire
Of cultic devotion similar to other cults in many ways
Main cultic acts this religion = animal sacrifice and prayer
Most ppl in ancient world recognised it be an ancient form
16
What does Pauline Corpus mean?
All letters of OT claimed to have been written by Paul
All letters of NT claimed to have been written by Paul
17
Did most people in the ancient world believe in an afterlife?
Yes
No
18
What does Gnosticism mean?
when acquired secret gnosis (Kn) who they were how escape.
in this evil world of matter and could only be released only
Group ancient religions, some closely related Christianity
that maintained elements of the divine had become entrapped
19
Discuss how far ‘Gospel of Luke’ can be seen the ‘least Jewish’ of the three synoptic Gospels?
Turn to God in recognition of guilt, responds forgiving sins
death per se but the repentance that his death prompts
Ppl realise what done injustice, driven to knees repentance
What brings a right relationship w/God for Luke = not Jesus'
20
What does Baptism mean?
Earliest Christian practice of baptism in
water appears to have been a form of initiation rite
21
Which of the following is not an apocryphal gospel?
a) Thomas
b) Mary
c) Judas
d) Simon
22
What does Marcion mean?
2nd century Christian scholar and evangelist, later labelled
a heretic for docetic Christology and his belief in 2 Gods
3rd century Christian scholar and evangelist, later labelled
23
What does Orthodoxy mean?
Greek literally = ‘right opinion’,
term used to designate a worldview or set of beliefs
acknowledged to be true by the majority of those in power
24
What does epistle mean?
Another designation for a private letter
Another designation for a public letter
25
Describe the New Testament “in a nutshell.”?
Documents copied, edited and passed on over the next 300 yrs
Teachings, accounts of life and setting community guidelines
No sign of a return in sight, followers began to collect his
Documents copied, edited and passed on over the next 400 yrs
26
What does Apostolic Succession mean?
Been appointed by the successors of the apostles themselves
Proto-orthodox claim that leaders of the major churches
27
What 5 things did Paul teach to the Thessalonians?
Accept Kingship of Jesus as God's son and the Jewish Messiah
Turn from ideal worship&polytheism accept God of Israel
Avoid gentile behaviours - sexual immorality
Wait the salvation Jesus to come from heaven in near future
28
Why do some people refer to the Two Source Hypothesis as the Four Source Hypothesis?
It posits that were at least four sources to the Gospel of
and three lost sources: Q, M, and L.
Matthew and the Gospel of Luke:
the Gospel of Mark,
29
In which language is the New Testament predominantly written?
Jewish
Greek
Arabic
Roman
30
What does apology mean?
Reasoned explanation justification one’s beliefs/practices
Reasoned explanation justification groups beliefs/practices
31
What happens in the end of Matthew?
Appeared to Magdalene, from whom he cast out seven demons
Rebuked them for their unbelief and hardness of heart
Appeared to the eleven themselves were reclining at table
Because had not believed those who saw him after had risen
32
How many books are there in the NT?
d) 72
b) 27
c) 28
a) 4
33
What does Apocalypticism?
Worldview held by many Jews and Christians
Maintained that present age is controlled by forces of evil
34
Describe what we can piece together of the earliest Jesus movement?
Jesus in beginning, and may have changed his view,
Contextually credible as John = prophet C1st CE in Palestine
but why many apocalyptic sayings in the earliest sources
Associated w/an apocalyptic prophet in the wilderness
35
What does pastoral epistles mean?
NT letters that Paul allegedly wrote to 2 Pastors,
Timothy and Titus, concerning their pastoral duties
36
What does socio-historical method mean?
method used to study a literary text that seeks reconstruct
the social history of the community that lay behind
37
What does samaritans mean?
and half-breeds, since their lineage could be traced back to
intermarriages between Jews&pagans centuries before NT
Inhabitants of Samaria, considered by Jews to be apostates
38
What does Herod Antipas mean?
was involved w/trial of Jesus acc to Luke
this is the Herod who executed John the Baptist
Son of Herod the Great, ruler of Galilee from 4-39 CE
39
What does Judicial Model mean?
1 of the 2 main ways that Paul understood or conceptualised
The relationship between Christ’s death and salvation
40
Which elements of Luke/Acts cause scholars to date it much later than Mark and Matthew?
have ‘come near’ in ministry of Jesus’ disciples (10:9,11)
said already ‘come to you’ in Jesus’ own ministry (11:20),
already be ‘among you’ in person of Jesus himself (17:21)
Clear several stories found Luke: Kingdom of God is said to
41
What does pseudonymity mean?
practice of writing under a nonfictitious name
practice of writing under a fictitious name
42
What does pseudepigrapha mean?
From Greek literally meaning ‘false writings’ and commonly
literary texts, many of which were written pseudonymously
referring to ancient non-canonical Jewish and Christian
43
How does Matthew depict Jesus as the new Moses?
Teachings of Jesus meant provide guidance followers children
Of the Kingdom of Heaven – follow Moses by following Jesus
If Law of Moses meant provide divine guidance for Jews
44
Which elements of Luke/Acts cause scholars to date it much later than Mark and Matthew?
him the Kingdom of God is already present in Jesus’ ministry
Luke, the disciples already see the Kingdom of God, as for
Luke = some won’t taste death until “see the Kingdom of God”
45
Why is Q interesting for devotional use?
Because closest proximity (geographically and temporally)
What it wld have been like to follow him while he was alive
46
Discuss how Luke depicts Jesus as a rejected prophet?
Reads from book of Isaiah, which prophet claims be anointed
Jesus is invited to read and comment on the scriptures, and
Demand proof by performing miracles
Jesus claims that predictions of prophet fulfilled, by him
47
Discuss how Luke depicts Jesus as a rejected prophet?
Jews rise up in anger vs Jesus after
Prophet of God = rejected by his own ppl
Sermon and try to push him off a cliff, but he escapes
They’ll eventually call for his death
48
Discuss how Luke depicts Jesus as a rejected prophet?
Because of this rejection, his message à gentiles
Jesus uses to show that he fulfils the prophecy of Isaiah
Prophet won’t receive warm welcome in Israel among own ppl
Elisha was sent to heal not the lepers of Israel but Naaman
49
What happens in the end of John?
Whoever believes and is baptized will be saved
Go into world and proclaim the gospel to the whole creation.
50
What does Messiah mean?
and translated into Greek as Christos - Christ.
From a Hebrew word that literally means ‘anointed one’,
51
What does Essenes mean?
Apocalyptic&ascetic Jewish sect started during the Maccabean
period, members of which are generally thought
to have produced the Dead Sea Scrolls
52
Discuss the term “gospel” and the term “gospels"?
Give a particular type of performance what Jesus meant
Loads of these storytellers/teachers saying their Gospel
53
What does First fruits of the Resurrection mean?
Phrase used by Paul to refer to Jesus as the
first one to be raised from the dead.
54
Describe relationship between Judaism and Hellenism and/or Judaism and the Roman Empire?
Law (Torah) some laws peculiar circumcision sign covenant
Pagans thought were committing forced mutilation
Covenant of God w/Jews – God had chosen Israel
Therefore will protect Jews in return for their faith in Him
55
“Luke, the travelling companion of Paul, is most likely the author of ‘The Gospel of Luke’.”
Anonymous written by Greek-speaking Christian Palestine
C2nd attributed to Luke [travelling companion to Paul]
Sketch of life and death of Jesus
Kind of Greco-Roman (GR) biography of Jesus
56
What does Docetism mean?
View that Jesus wasn’t a human being but only appeared to be
from Greek word meaning ‘to seem/appear’
57
What does Honi the Circle Drawer mean?
1st century BCE Galilean who was reputed to have
done miracles and had experiences similar to those of Jesus
58
What does secessionists mean?
Members of Johannine Community who, acc to author of 1 John,
had ‘seceded’ (left) community form community of their own.
59
Describe the life and reception of Apollonius of Tyana in as much detail as possible?
End of his life, enemies trumped up charges
Their faith was built on no. miracles that he had performed
vs him and was placed on trial for crimes vs state
Convinced he was the Son of God
60
What does Johannine Community mean?
Community of Christians in which the Gospel of John
Some of its history using the socio-historical method
And Johannine Epistles were written.
We don’t know where it was, but we can reconstruct
61
What is meant by the synoptic problem?
Problems of explaining sims and diffs between 4 Synoptics
Problems of explaining sims and diffs between 3 Synoptics
62
What does Apocalypse mean?
Reports symbolic dreams or visions which reveal the heavenly
Mysteries that can make sense of earthly realities
A literary genre in which an author, usually pseudonymous
63
“Luke, the travelling companion of Paul, is most likely the author of ‘The Gospel of Luke’.”
Author appears to have meant for these to be read together
Acts = narrates the birth and life of the
Christian church that emerged afterward
64
What does signs source mean?
Document, which no longer survives, thought by many scholars
to be one of sources of Jesus’ ministry of the 4th Gospel
65
Marcionite Christians according to Marcion?
Discovered truth of Christianity in Paul
Impart the truth of the Gospel. Jesus was therefore not acc
Born and didn’t have a body. Jesus only seemed to be human
Paul true apostle whom Christ appeared after resurrection
66
What does Holy of Holies mean?
Day of Atonement, make a sacrifice for the sins of the ppl
Innermost part of the Jewish Temple in Jerusalem, which was
Completely empty, God’s presence earth believed to dwell.
No one could enter this room apart from high priest on
67
Discuss the authorship of each of the 4 canonical gospels?
Don’t know author, ‘The Gospel acc to Matt’ added long after
Matthew
Not know who author was only he was Greek-speaking Christian
Mark
68
Proto-orthodox?
had been secret, accessible only to the elect few.
Agreed w/Gnostics that Jesus taught the way of salvation,
but disagreed when said that he was 2 beings rather than one
and when they claimed that his true teachings
69
How many manuscripts or partial manuscripts do we have of the NT?
d) 5700
b) 27
c) approximately 7 million
a) 3800
70
Which other ancient genre is the most like gospels?
Prophets
Metaphors
Eulogy
Biography
71
How far ‘Gospel of Luke’ seen as ‘least Jewish’ of three synoptic Gospels. Supersessionism?
Wants to show that, and how, the one universal
Precedents and patterns in Hebrew Bible
Spurned prophet fate Israel’s God away Jews toward nations
God’s favour moved from Jews to non-Jews
72
Most people in the Greco-Roman world held ________________ beliefs.
a) monotheistic
b) polytheistic
c) Buddhist
d) Jewish
73
Gnostic Christians?
God was just vengeful and righteous,
but the Creator-God of the OT was
a malformed and ignorant deity
Unlike Marcion, didn’t believe OT
74
What are the 4 literary genres found in the NT?
Gospels, Acts, Epistles, Revelation
Gospels, Attributes, Epistles, Apocalypse
Gospels, Acts, Epistles, Apocalypse
Gospels, Acts, Eugologies, Apocalypse
75
Discuss the term “gospel” and the term “gospels"?
Political word insofar it is gift from emperor to the city
Word like ‘covenant’ meant no more than a will to non-Jews
City gave loyalty to emperor, return emperor promised favour
City has emperor’s Gospel (plaque)
76
What does dead sea scrolls mean?
Ancient Jewish writings discovered in several caves
Near the northwest edge of the Dead Sea
77
What does Proto-Orthodox Christianity mean?
centuries, which promoted doctrines that
Form of Christianity endorsed by some in the 2nd and 3rd
were declared ‘orthodox’ in the 4th
78
Sum up Matthew’s message in a nutshell?
Jesus rejected by Jewish leaders, lambasted failure keep Law
Jesus as new Moses, provides correct interpretation of Law
Jesus stresses that his followers must adhere to Jewish Law
Stresses Jesus’ Jewishness, messiah sent from Jewish God
79
Describe what we can piece together of the earliest Jesus movement?
Between apocalyptic John and Christian Church = Jesus
Of followers throughout the Mediterranean
After death those believed in him established communities
Fact ministry began ended apocalyptically only connection
80
Which two written sources did Luke and Matthew incorporate into their gospels?
Mark and Q
Gospels and Q
81
What does comparative method mean?
Any of these texts used as a source for the text in question
A method used to study literary texts by noting
Its sims and diffs from other, related texts, whether or not
82
What does Gospel Harmony mean?
by incorporating various account into one
into a longer, more complete Gospel,
Any literary attempt take several Gospels and combine them
83
Discuss the term “gospel” and the term “gospels"?
God has sent them a Gospel
Metaphor for relationship of God to this group of followers
Needed word could use in gentile context that’d capture idea
Started as political idea that the emperor gave to the city
84
Sara’s hypothesis as to why gospels were not written down until decades after Jesus’ death?
Didn’t see the need to write stories until long after death
Took ages to decide which works of Jesus were
Jesus gonna return with Kingdom of God and world would end
Considered authoritative, and then would be canonised
85
What does donkey have with the debate over whether the author of Matthew’s gospel was Jewish?
Fact used Jewish writing technique incorrectly
OT parallelism emphasis but Matthews author seems to have
misunderstood Jesus’ followers having got him two animals
"mounted on a donkey, and on a colt, the foal of a donkey"
86
What is redaction criticism?
Their sources in view of own vested interests and concerns
Study of how authors modified or edited (redacted)
87
How are the disciples portrayed in Mark?
Growth of understanding as the book progresses
Rather dim and misunderstand Jesus·
Rather clever and understand Jesus·
Lack of understanding gets worse as the book progresses
88
What does Epicureans mean?
Of human life and so were not to be feared or placated.
Ancient groups of followers of Greek philosopher Epicurus,
Who maintained that the gods were removed from the concerns
89
What does Iraneus mean?
for Gnostics and other ‘heretical’ groups
Famous proto-orthodox Church Father and ‘heresiologist’
of the 2nd century, whose 5-volume work Against Heresies,
written around 180 CE, is a major source of info
90
Who was Herod the Great?
Ruler of all of Galilee, Samaria, and Judea from 40-4 BCE;
Attempt to destroy the infant Jesus (Matt)
Known Christian history for killing baby boys of Bethlehem
this Herod was allegedly ruling when Jesus was born,
91
Describe the New Testament “in a nutshell.”?
Kingdom of God to earth to undergo eternal judgement
Characterised as a Jewish Apocalyptic reform movement·
Expected him to return soon and bring the
Gained following of ppl who remained loyal after his death
92
What is Q? (Or what is the Two Source Hypothesis?)
Sayings that Matt and Luke used,
Hypothetical because reconstructed from common sayings Matt
Q is the source Luke and Matthew used, but Mark didn’t use
Q is a hypothetical (lost) written list of Jesus’
93
Define the term “canon.”?
Collection of books accepted authoritative by council
Collection of books accepted authoritative by religious body
94
Describe relationship between Judaism and Hellenism and/or Judaism and the Roman Empire?
Jews denied existence of hierarchy of supernatural beings
Prayers were important part of worship of the Jewish God,
Diff to other rels as was monotheistic
Usually addressing personal or communal needs
95
“Law” is a rather wooden translation of “Torah,” what would be some better translations?
Guidance or direction
Teachings or practices
96
What is strange about the ending of Mark?
Gospel simply ends – Mark no account of anyone seeing Jesus
Recounts visit Magdalene to tomb Jesus early Sunday morning
Matt, Luke and John report future epiphanies or ‘sightings’
Reason why Mark placed 2nd Bible, but various endings added
97
What does Charismatic Communities mean?
Communities of believers that weren’t led appointed leaders
useful for the functioning of the entire group
upon each member of the community.
but by the Spirit of God, which bestowed a particular gift
98
Explore what the formal preface at start of Luke might tell us about its style and authorship?
Could generic title for nonJewish churches, title individual
Perhaps a Christian patron of Luke who commissioned a Gospel
99
Who wrote the first gospel? (Or: who invented the gospel as a literary genre?)
C) John
A) Matthew
B) Mark
D) Luke
100
Define “synoptic.”?
Viewed Apart
Seen Together
101
What is the Messianic Secret?
Technical term used one of intriguing literary features Mark
Idea is that he did actually see himself as the messiah
Idea is that he didn’t actually see himself as the messiah
Though Jesus shown be Messiah, tries keep identity secret
102
How does Luke's birth narrative differ from Matthew’s and what is the significance of this?
Matthew are from Bethlehem, only end up Nazareth later
Luke, Joseph&Mary from Nazareth only Bethlehem temporarily
103
What does Hasmoneans mean?
that began the revolt vs Syria in 167 BCE
Alternative name for Maccabeans, family of Jewish priests
Ruled Israel prior to the Roman conquest of 63 BCE
104
What is an apologia?
Standard form of speech/writing in ancient world
Standard form of speech/writing in present world
105
Why is Mark the under-rated gospel?
Didn’t satisfy everyone’s likes or needs
No birth narrative – Jesus starts as an adult
Other gospels were written because Mark
Strange abrupt ending w/no sightings of Jesus·
106
What does Athanasius mean?
Of large and important church in Alexandria, Egypt.
Influential 4th century CE Church Father and Bishop
First church writer to list 27 NT books as forming the canon
107
Describe the life and reception of Apollonius of Tyana in as much detail as possible?
Apollonius’ followers did same about Jesus
Lived at around the same time as Jesus but never met
Jesus followers made claims the Apollonius = false
Were reportedly similar
108
What is Four-Source Hypothesis Synoptic Problem 4 sources behind Gospels of Matt, Mark and Luke
Q source for Matt&Luke, not Mark (just in Matt and Luke)
M was the source for stuff only found in Matt
L was the stuff only found in Luke
Mark was the source for Matt&Luke (stuff that’s in all 3)
109
What does Apostolic Fathers mean?
Have been followers of the apostles
Collection of noncanonical writings penned by proto-orthodox
Christians of the 2nd century who were thought to
110
What does Nero mean?
allegedly martyred in Rome, as part of his persecution of
Roman Emperor 54-68 CE, under his reign both Peter and Paul
Christians for the fire that destroyed much of the city
111
What does Hellenization mean?
Starting w/conquests of Alexander the Great
Spread of Greek lang and culture throughout the Med
112
Discuss Matthew’s genealogy terms of fourteen, women and relationship previous Jewish writings?
As there was between King of Jews and greatest catastrophe
Acc to divine providence and history CULMINATED IN Jesus
The ultimate deliverer of the Jews, the messiah
Genealogy suggests entire course Israel’s history proceeded
113
What does hersey mean?
worldview deemed by those in power to be leading
worldview deemed by those in power to be deviant
114
Do we have the original NT? Why or why not?
Even though there are loads of manuscripts very few that are
Early, and most produced centuries after originals
Our first reasonably complete copy of John = 200 CE
Long time after John was acc written
115
Discuss the authorship of each of the 4 canonical gospels?
Luke – Anonymous and appears to have been written
In connected narrative of his words and deeds
By a Greek-speaking Christian living outside Palestine
Matt chose like Mark bring together stories about Jesus
116
What is strange about the ending of Mark?
Most reliable Greek copies and was clearly not Markan style
Ending false but ppl loved, isn't found in Mark’s earliest
Obvious took sections of the endings of Matt, Luke and John
117
What does beloved disciple mean?
Plays prominent role in Passion narrative but is never named
Nickname for the ‘disciple whom Jesus loved’ in Gospel John
118
What does Apollonius of Tyana mean?
Pagan philosopher holy man C1st CE, reported to do miracles
Pagan philosopher holy man C2nd CE, reported to do miracles
119
Why is Q interesting for historians?
Rather than mixed or Gentile
Peasant rather than elite, and completely Jewish
Originated in a community that is rural rather than urban
Because it’s another source that was used in Matt and Luke
120
What does Messianic Secret mean?
of Gospel of Mark, which is that even though Jesus is shown
To be the Messiah, he tries to keep his identity a secret
Technical term used one of the intriguing literary features
121
What does Genre mean?
Literature w/specific literary features – ancient world =
biographies, epic poems, general histories and many others.
Major genres of NT = Gospels, Acts, Epistles and Apocalypses
122
Discuss how Luke depicts Jesus as a rejected prophet?
Recounts 2 familiar stories from the Jewish scriptures about
Jesus responds launching into extended sermon, [only Luke]
Elijah sent assist widow Zarephath during extended drought
Prophets who were sent by God, not to Jews but to Gentiles
123
Who was Honi the Circle Drawer?
1st century BCE Galilean who was reputed to have done
2nd century BCE Galilean who was reputed to have done
Miracles and had experiences similar to those of Jesus
Miracles and had experiences similar to those of John
124
What does Sethians mean?
Prominent group of Gnostics known from 2nd-3rd century
divine realm and the material world came into being
sources, who told complicated myths about how the
125
What does Paganism mean?
Any of the polytheistic religions of the Greco-Roman world,
Umbrella term ancient Med other Judaism&Christianity
126
What did Beatitudes mean?
Latin word literally meaning ‘blessings’ used as a technical
Term for sayings of Jesus that begin the Sermon on the Mount
127
What is the problem with this?
Joram is the great-great-grandfather of Uzziah, not his dad
Breaks the 14 generations ‘thing’
128
Discuss the authorship of each of the 4 canonical gospels?
John – anonymous
Since 2nd century = attributed to John the son of Zebedee
2nd century attributed to Luke, travelling companion of Paul
Congregations first century made use other written sources
129
What does literary-historical method mean?
Method used to study a literary text by asking how its genre
Text functioned in its historical context
by exploring its historical meaning
130
What does contextual method mean?
Its social and historical context and then using that
Method used to study a literary text by first determining
context to help explain that text’s meaning
131
Discuss how far ‘Gospel of Luke’ can be seen the ‘least Jewish’ of the three synoptic Gospels?
of the Jewish people for always rejecting prophets and Jesus
Some scholars have argued that because of this denigration
For Luke, biggest sin of all is killing God’s prophet
Luke is probably to be seen as an “anti-Jewish” Gospel.
132
How does Matthew depict Jesus as the new Moses?
Jesus = teacher rejected by the majority like Moses was
Sermon on the Mount is the first of 5 major blocks of Jesus’
Teaching in Matt could represent 5 books of Law of Moses
133
Gnostic Chrisitans?
Some agreed Marcion Jesus divine and not a human.
Agreed Adoptionists baptism was the moment at which a divine
Jesus represented diff God to the one that created the world
Human Jesus and divine Jesus.
134
Explore what the formal preface at start of Luke might tell us about its style and authorship?
Lk is the only Gospel with a dedication ( Lk 1:1; Acts 1:1)
Lk is the only Gospel with a dedication ( Lk 2:1; Acts 2:1)
Theophilus means ‘follower of God’. We know nothing more.
Theophilus means ‘lover of God’. We know nothing more.
135
What does redaction Criticism mean?
in view of their own vested interests and concerns
Study of how authors modified or edited their sources
136
Describe the New Testament “in a nutshell.”?
27 books, all 3 branches of Christians
Authors Jewish, collected by non-Jews·
Spawned movement ‘Early Christianity’
Revolve Jesus of Nazareth, gained title ‘Jesus (the) Christ’
137
Discuss some reasons for changes, mistakes, or variations in manuscripts of the New Testament?
Mistakes/misinterpretation/edits to fit the author’s agenda
Copies had to be handwritten
Damaged or lost parts had to be done by hand
Errors corrected when scribe realises predecessor mistake
138
What does Maccabean Revolt mean?
Starting in 167 BCE, in protest vs the forced imposition
of Hellenistic culture and the proscription of
Jewish practices like circumcision
Jewish uprising vs Syrians and king, Antiochus Epiphanes,
139
Give a basic sketch of Greco-Roman religiosity?
Many ppl didn’t hold a firm belief in life after death
No necessary articles of faith for devotees
No ethical demands and played virtually no role in practice
No such thing as a separation of the church and the state
140
Give a basic sketch of Greco-Roman religiosity?
That if you worship one God, you cannot worship another
Virtually no one in the pagan world argued
Pagan religions of Roman Empire no national or international
Organisation elected leaders had jurisdiction local cuts
141
What does Markan priority mean?
written and was one of the sources used by Matt and Luke
View that Mark was the first of the Synoptic Gospels to be
142
Which word best describes Judaism in the Second-Temple period?
a) diverse
c) legalistic
b) polytheistic
d) rabbinic
143
Discuss the basileia of God in a first-century context?
· Reign of the messiah
· Reign of the teacher
· Reign of the prophet
· Reign of the pope
144
What does Pharisees mean?
to the purity laws set forth in Torah
Maccabean period, that emphasised strict adherence
Jewish sect, which may have originated during the
145
Describe the life and reception of Apollonius of Tyana in as much detail as possible?
Others claimed appeared alive to them, and talked to them
Worshiper of Roman gods whose life teachings still available
No. his followers spread the good news about him recounting
After death, some claimed he had ascended bodily into heaven
146
Discuss Matthew’s genealogy terms of fourteen, women and relationship previous Jewish writings?
14 between David and Babylon,
14 generations between Abraham and David
Coincidence
14 between Babylon and Jesus
147
Mention 5 differences from modern western religiosity. In modern western religiosity there is?
Beliefs about the afterlife
Sacred written authorities
Doctrinal statements, Ethical commitments
Religious organisation and hierarchy
148
What does valentinians mean?
Group of 2nd-3rd century Gnostics who followed teachings of
Valentinus w/a set of myths comparable those of Sethians,
More closely aligned w/beliefs of proto-orthodox Christians
149
What does Ignatius mean?
Letters are inc. among the writings of the Apostolic Fathers
On journey to martyrdom wrote 7 letters still survive
Bishop of Antioch Syria, C2nd arrested by Roman authorities
For Christian activities sent to Rome thrown to wild beasts
150
What does undisputed Pauline epistles mean?
Galatians, Philippians
Romans, 1 and 2 Corinthians
Philemon, 1 Thessalonians
151
What is scriptio continua and why cause a problem when looking at early NT manuscripts?
No punctuation, no paragraphs which makes it
Hard to interpret correctly what the author meant
Continuous writing – in ancient world
No distinction between lower and capital letter
152
Discuss the term “gospel” and the term “gospels"?
Christian community performed memory that they had a Gospel
Just as a city proud recall fact it had an imperial Gospel
Gospel basically Jesus, Remember one performs the Gospel
Political term, religious metaphor, Jesus metaphor
153
List 5 of Luke’s distinctive emphases compared with other gospels?
Connection of Jesus’ and disciples’ stories to world events
Jesus’ relationship to Jerusalem care for poor and outcast
Importance of compassion and justice•
More mention of women than in other gospels, serving roles
154
Discuss the authorship of each of the 4 canonical gospels?
Before could canonise, knew was Greek construct narrative
Proto-orthodox Christians needed to ‘know’ who wrote Matt
Tax collector named in Matt 9:9, tradition raised suspicion
True old tradition author was none other than Matthew
155
What does Presbyter mean?
Greek word literally meaning ‘elder’
Greek word literally meaning ‘teacher’
156
What is supersessionism?
Replacement/fulfillment theology Christian doctrine asserts
exclusively with Jewish people
New Covenant through Jesus supersedes Old Covenant,
Show one universal God’s favour moved from Jews to non-Jews
157
What does Gospel mean?
By Jesus Christ, inc. episodes involving words and/or deeds
Literary genre capitalised – written account of ‘good news’
Not capitalised = proclamation good news Christ’s salvation
Capitalised = proclamation good news Christ’s salvation
158
Jewish-Christian Adoptionists?
Was adopted at his baptism, when he emerged from the waters
Spirit of God descended upon him as a dove
of the Jordan, he saw the heavens above and the
159
What does Sadducees mean?
Jewish party associated w/Temple cult and Jewish priests
who ran it, comprising mainly Jewish aristocracy in Judea.
160
True or False: In the Greco-Roman world, there was a middle class?
True
False
161
Which elements of Luke/Acts cause scholars to date it much later than Mark and Matthew?
Mark and Matt, end = imminent
Mark 9:1 = Jesus claims some disciples won’t taste death
Luke – prediction is worded differently
Jesus doesn’t envisage the world ending imminently
162
What is the Participations Model?
The relationship between Christ’s death and salvation.
1 of the 2 main ways that Paul understood or conceptualised
163
Proto-orthodox?
but disagreed when these ppl denied that he was divine.
but disagreed when they denied that he was human.
Agreed w/Jewish Christians that Jesus was completely human,
Agreed w/Marcionites said that Jesus was completely divine,
164
Explore what the formal preface at start of Luke might tell us about its style and authorship?
In that it emphasizes that the writer has done research,
Of its genre so far, as well as including a dedication
Mentions sources, and implies that this is the best work
Luke’s preface typical for Greco-Roman historical writings
165
What does Q mean?
Source used both by Matt and Luke for the stories they share
principally sayings, that aren’t found in Mark
166
What does Greco-Roman World mean?
Lands around the Med from time of Alexander the Great
To the Emperor Constantine (300 BCE – 300 CE)
167
Describe the life and reception of Apollonius of Tyana in as much detail as possible?
Prior birth heavenly figure appear announced son be divine
Spread his good news from village to town·
Was recognised as a spiritual authority in his youth·
Had no. disciples who were amazed at his teachings
168
What is the Synoptic Problem?
And disagreements among three Gospels [Mark, Matt and Luke]
The problem of how to explain the wide-ranging agreements
169
Explain the Four-Source Hypothesis using only a diagram?
Mark points down to Matthew and diagonal to Luke
Q points down to Luke and diagonal to Matthew
Mark and Q at top, Matthew below Mark, Luke below Q
170
Define Markan priority?
Was one of the sources used by Matt and Luke
View that mark was the first Gospel to be written