Freshmen Mid-Year Vocab Review

heavy, wheeled plow with an iron plowshare

Painting done on fresh, wet plaster with water-based paints

The unwritten rules that determined the relationship between a lord and his vassal

In medieval Europe, an agricultural estate that a lord ran and peasants worked

A form of government in which the leader is not a king and certain citizens can vote

Member of the middle class in Renaissance times - shopkeepers, artisans, guild members

Uniform system of law that developed in England; replaced law codes that varied place to place

Soldiers who fought primarily for money, not because they had a connection to the country

A release from all or part of punishment for sin purchased from the Catholic Church

The middle class in the Middle Ages, including merchants, industrialists, and professionals

Something from or related to the Middle Ages

Intellectual movement of the Renaissance based on the study of the humanities (grammar, poetry)

Religious doctrine Martin Luther developed; believed salvation was achieved through faith alone

The "Great Charter" of rights which King John was forced to sign by English nobles in 1215

Movement that combined classical learning and individualism with the goal to reform the Church

A social or political class

The state of being saved (going to heaven) through faith alone or through faith and good works

Artistic techniques used to give the effect of 3D depth to 2D surfaces

Under feudalism, a grant of land made to a vassal; vassal held political authority on the land

Process of being deemed worthy of salvation by God

Political & social order during the Middle Ages; nobles offered protection for peasant service

The language of everyday speech in a particular region

Belief God has predetermined who will be saved (go to heaven) and who will be damned (hell)

The ideal of civilized behavior that developed among nobility; code of ethic knights followed

Under feudalism, a man who served a lord in military capacity

Peasant legally bound to the land who provided labor services, paid rent, and obeyed his lord

Declare Invalid

Representative government that emerged in England in the 13th century; still in place today

Under feudalism, a member of the heavily armored cavalry