How do SSRI drugs work?

They prevent the reuptake of serotonin

What trait do JUUL products possess that previous e-cigarette products do not?

Ability to mimic "hit" of nicotine

Why do first generation antihistamines cause drowsiness?

They are able to travel into the brain

What is the primary risk when ingesting some form of nicotine?

Increased heart rate, increased heart attack risk

How are diphenhydramine and dimenhydrinate different?

Dimenhydrinate is partially composed of a stimulant

Why are specific solvents used in eFluids?

To better mimic the texture of cigarette smoke

Why is placebo efficacy seemingly comparable to drug efficacy?

Success rate is counted after placebo results

There is a false belief that smoking keeps you thin. What is the (incorrect) logic behind this idea?

People seek out food to fill dopamine vacancy after quitting smoking

How do allergens interact with the body?

They bind to IgE antibodies on mast cells

Why is it crucial to take antibiotics at specific intervals?

To maintain a threshold dose in blood

Why is lithium such a unique drug?

Single element with no groups to modify / refine

Why are psychiatric drugs so hard to discover?

The brain is the most complex thing known

Removing infected tissue, treating with antibiotic cream

During medieval times, what was mental illness thought to be caused by?

Demons or evils living inside the skull

Why were pipes an ideal method of smoking?

It reduced harshness of the smoke

What was the purpose of the first generation of e-cigarettes?

To help smokers to quit or reduce cigarette consumption

What happens when nicotine binds with an acetylcholine receptor, in an antagonist fashion?

The receptor changes shape abnormally, doesn't send a signal

Which of the following statements is true about mental illness?

Understanding of mental illness comes from drugs

Cigars are said to have well above the lethal dosage of nicotine within, yet they don't kill people because...

Most of the nicotine is burnt away

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Questions 71

Answers

1
What is the main component of dust that causes an allergic reaction?
Insect pheromones
Dead hair
Dustmite feces
Dead skin
2
Which formerly popular treatment for mental illness involved removing a piece of the front brain?
Lobotomy
Trepanation
Lumbar puncture
Exorcism
3
True or false: psychiatric drugs do NOT modify brain chemistry
TRUE
FALSE
4
What was the primary use of medical marijuana prior to legalization?
Treatment of obesity
Treatment of anorexic patients
Treatment of chronic stress
Treatment of irritable bowel disease
5
How do SSRI drugs work?
They disable serotonin receptors
They prevent the reuptake of serotonin
They are metabolized into serotonin
They make the body use GABA instead of serotonin
6
What does a smoker do to acquire a stimulating effect?
Short puffs, regular deep inhales
Long puffs, irregular inhales
Short puffs, irregular inhales
Long puffs, regular deep inhales
7
Why does THC linger so long in the body?
THC is soluble in cerebrospinal fluid
THC creates granulomas
THC isn't excreted well by the kidneys
THC is soluble in fat
8
What trait do JUUL products possess that previous e-cigarette products do not?
Cheaper to purchase than similar devices
Vast library of flavor options
Engineered to produce a different addictive ingredient
Ability to mimic "hit" of nicotine
9
Smoking cigarettes was fairly uncommon until the invention of which device?
Tobacco particulate filters
Bonsack machine
Water pipe
Cigarette lighters
10
Why do first generation antihistamines cause drowsiness?
Science does not yet know why
Their molecules are similar to barbiturate molecules
They are metabolized into melatonin by the stomach
They are able to travel into the brain
11
Roughly how many adults in North America suffer from food allergies?
10%
6%
17%
4%
12
What is the primary risk when ingesting some form of nicotine?
High blood pressure, increased hemorrhage risk
Wrinkles and an aged appearance
Increased heart rate, increased heart attack risk
Increased body temperature, risk of brain damage
13
What failed surgery drug became the first successful antipsychotic treatment?
Phenol
Clozapine
Thorazine
Amphetamine
14
How are diphenhydramine and dimenhydrinate different?
They are the same chemical with different trade names
Diphenhydramine is partially composed of a depressant
Different placement of a tertiary phenyl group
Dimenhydrinate is partially composed of a stimulant
15
Why are specific solvents used in eFluids?
To bind the nicotine salts with the flavoring agents
To enhance nicotine absorption in the body
To cut costs and use less nicotine
To better mimic the texture of cigarette smoke
16
Which of the following can be an allergen?
Dust
Foods
Metals
All of the above
17
Anhedonia is the inability to experience...
Sadness
Pleasure
Pain
Jealousy
18
Why is placebo efficacy seemingly comparable to drug efficacy?
Current psychiatric drugs do not work
Studies are too difficult to do properly, estimations
Perceived benefits of drugs due to placebo effect
Success rate is counted after placebo results
19
There is a false belief that smoking keeps you thin. What is the (incorrect) logic behind this idea?
People seek out food to fill dopamine vacancy after quitting smoking
The acids in smoke dissolve fat cells once inside the body
Nicotine is a stimulant, stimulants increase metabolism
Chemicals in smoke strengthen collagen, causing weight loss
20
What is the lethal dosage of nicotine for an adult?
60 mg
40 mg
60 g
70 mg
21
How do allergens interact with the body?
They bind to IgE antibodies on mast cells
They stimulate the release of cortisol
They block proper blood flow to mucus membranes
They bind to killer T cells and attack the body
22
Why is it crucial to take antibiotics at specific intervals?
To increase profits
To avoid overdosing
To maintain a threshold dose in blood
To limit side effects
23
What are the two primary active cannabinoids in marijuana?
CBD and THC
CBC and THC
CBD and THX
CBC and THX
24
Why is lithium such a unique drug?
Commonly sold in a loose powder formulation
Only heavy metal that isn't toxic
Single element with no groups to modify / refine
It is cheaper than dirt due to global abundance
25
Why are psychiatric drugs so hard to discover?
Hard to find people to participate in clinical trials
We've discovered all that can exist
The brain is the most complex thing known
Lack of interest and funding
26
What type of receptors does nicotine effect?
Acetaminophen
Acetylcholine
Acetylchlorine
Dopamine
27
What nicotine dosage is required (per cigarette) to maintain an addictive dose?
4 ng
4 mg
2 mg
2 ng
28
What is debridement?
Removing infected tissue, treating with antibiotic cream
When bacterial colonies "divorce"
When a bride exits a wedding ceremony
To cover wounds with sterile cloth
29
Current generation psychiatric drugs are widely considered to be better. Why is this?
Higher success rate
Fewer side effects
Cheaper to manufacture
Great advertising
30
Which anticholinergic drug is showing promise for treating manic depression?
Clidinium
Atropine
Valproic acid
Scopolamine
31
There exists an important toxicology equation that accounts for a substance's health risk. This equation is...
Risk = time * vector
Risk = toxicity * exposure
Exposure = vector * toxicity
Toxicity = risk * exposure
32
Which neurotransmitter do barbiturates and benzodiazepines interfere with?
Glutamine
Acetylcholine
GABA
Tryptamine
33
Which controversial treatment for mental illness is still used today?
Waterboarding
Electroshock therapy
Trepanation
Lobotomy
34
During medieval times, what was mental illness thought to be caused by?
Drinking too much alcohol
Eating raw foods
Disagreeing with the church
Demons or evils living inside the skull
35
Which of the following is NOT a potentially harmful substance in e-cigarette vapor?
Nicotine salts
Polyethylene glycol
Artificial flavor
Glycerol
36
To be considered legally impaired, your blood / THC level must be above...
2 mg / mL
2 ng / mL
2 g / mL
2 ug / mL
37
What is thought to be the main cause of schizophrenia's psychotic symptoms?
Issues with dopamine
Issues with serotonin
Issues with acetylcholine
Issues with oxytocin
38
Why were pipes an ideal method of smoking?
It reduced harshness of the smoke
It produced more relaxing effects
It allowed longer smoking periods
It reduced nicotine intake
39
Psychiatric drugs are often tested on mice. What do scientists try to observe with these tests?
Difference in physical appearance
Change in regular behaviors
The mice are attached to brain-interface machinery
How long the mouse lives after exposure
40
What harmful effect has gluten been proven to have on non-celiac people?
Gastrointestinal distress
Severe vomiting
Lethargy
No harmful effect
41
What is the compound responsible for causing discomfort in people with milk intolerance?
Lactose
Galactose
Lactase
Lactulose
42
When was the last antibiotic family discovered?
2012
1997
1980
1966
43
Which of the following is a real test used to determine a drug's effect on mice?
Hot tub test
Kernig-Brudzinski test
Cocaine test
Swim despair test
44
What is the hypothesis explaining higher rates of allergy development in certain parts of the world?
The Local Immunity Hypothesis
The Environment Hypothesis
The Hygiene Hypothesis
The Evolutionary Hypothesis
45
What was the purpose of the first generation of e-cigarettes?
To help smokers get more nicotine
To appeal more to women
To help smokers to quit or reduce cigarette consumption
To provide smokers with a nicotine-free alternative to smoking
46
What happens when nicotine binds with an acetylcholine receptor, in an antagonist fashion?
The receptor changes shape abnormally, still sends a signal
The receptor changes shape abnormally, doesn't send a signal
The receptor doesn't change shape
The receptor changes shape as if it were a normal molecule
47
Which of the following statements is true about mental illness?
Mentally ill persons are not marginalized
Understanding of mental illness comes from drugs
Mental illness is something that always can be cured
It cannot be passed along genetically
48
Which is NOT a cause of antibiotic resistance?
Noncompliance
Errors in production
Meat industry prophylactics
Overprescription
49
What is a harmful effect from smoking tobacco?
Wrinkles and aged skin
Burning of throat
Nicotine toxicity
Loss of inhibition
50
Cigars are said to have well above the lethal dosage of nicotine within, yet they don't kill people because...
It takes too long to smoke a cigar, dose is spread out
Chemicals inside cigars weaken the nicotine's effect
The nicotine is in a different, inactive form
Most of the nicotine is burnt away
51
What animal secretion is most responsible for allergies?
Feces
Urine
Saliva
Fur
52
Where are allergies most common?
The northern hemisphere
The southern hemisphere
The developing world
The developed world
53
What toxic substance in tobacco damages DNA?
Combustion byproducts
Carbon monoxide
Sulfurous dyes
Packaging adhesive
54
Why do smokers inhale deeply on cigarettes?
To acquire a stimulating effect
To acquire a relaxing effect
To block normal messenger molecules
To wake them up
55
What is the name of an infection acquired in a hospital?
Anthracitic
Quaternary
Zoonotic
Nosocomial
56
Manic depression is characterized by...
Periods of mania and extreme depression
Insanity and anhedonia
Auditory hallucinations and feeling of persecution
Loss of emotional sensation
57
What is thought to be the cause of OCD related compulsions?
Demons and monsters
Dysfunction in the motor cortex
Lack of serotonin
Presence of excess blood cells in the brain
58
What does MRSA stand for?
Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus
Meningococcal-respiratory systemic altruism
Modern recurrent septic aplasia
Mix-racemic streptococcus A
59
A common benchmark for the maximum nicotine content in eFluid is 41 mg, which equivalent to...
15 cigarettes
30 cigarettes
40 cigarettes
20 cigarettes
60
Recent evidence suggests that there may be a link between heavy marijuana use and...
Schizophrenia
Strokes
Obesity
Depression
61
Schizophrenia has many potential symptoms. Which of the following is NOT one of them?
Irrational beliefs
Confused thinking
Numbness in the extremities
Auditory hallucinations
62
Contact dermatitis can cause painful blisters and rash. What common plant is associated with this condition?
Belladonna
Lily of the valley
Poison ivy
Dandelion
63
By what process are most penicillin derivatives made today?
Semi-synthesis
Penicillin derivatives?
Fully synthetic
Completely natural
64
Why does marijuana produce a different "high" when ingested?
Metabolized differently, different active chemical
Metabolized differently, same active chemical
Higher concentration of CBD makes it to the brain
Higher concentration of THC makes it to the brain
65
eFluids are composed of three things, these are...
Acrolein, nicotine and flavoring agents
Solvents, water and flavoring agents
Solvents, nicotine and flavoring agents
Reconstituted tobacco, glycerin and flavoring agents
66
What chemical was added to cheap THC vape cartridges to make them thicker?
Vitamin E acetate
Polyethylene glycol
Cellulose
Bentonite
67
How are non-food allergies formally diagnosed?
Observation by a parent
If epinephrine has no effect
Using a food tracking log
Allergy test by a doctor
68
Of the following populations, who is least likely to develop allergies?
Small family, raised at home
Large family, raised at home
Large family, raised in daycare
Small family, raised in daycare
69
Which professions were most likely to experience health effects later in life due to second-hand smoke exposure?
Janitors and waste management workers
Airline pilots and submarine captains
Waiters and bartenders
Doctors and surgeons
70
Monoamine oxidase is responsible for the reuptake of which neurotransmitter?
Serotonin
Glutamate
Dopamine
Norepinephrine
71
Which "healthy" modification to modern cigarettes is useless?
The filter
The burn rings
The slow-burn paper
The chemical additives

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