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Duplicate of AP Psychology - AP Exam Review
Duplicate of AP Psychology - AP Exam Review
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A basic review over all material covered in AP Psychology used to prepare for the AP Exam.
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Questions
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1
The structure that controls the size of the pupil is the...
vitreous humor
lens
cornea
iris
2
When people overestimate the frequency of violent crimes because these events are on TV, they..
are using the representativeness heuristic
are using the availability heuristic
use a holistic decision model
use the elimination by aspects strategy
3
Jay used to say "mikk", but now says "milk" properly, meaning he has made gains in the use of..
linguistic heuristics
syntax
phonemes
morphemes
4
What appears to be responsible for regulating circadian rhythm?
cultural practices
amount of time awake
amount of time alseep
exposure to light
5
The awareness of self, your thoughts, internal sensations and external stimuli is defined as...
consciousness
sensation
perception
hypnosis
6
The idea that dreams are the cortex's attempt to make sense of general firing of the brain is..
problem-solving theory
activation-synthesis theory
None of the Above
wish fulfillment theory
7
A worker who is paid every Friday for completing his 40-hour work week is being paid on a...
variable-interval schedule
fixed-interval schedule
variable-ratio schedule
fixed-ratio schedule
8
Freud concluded that psychological disturbances are largely caused by...
unrealistic demands from family/friends
conflicts between unconscious desires and environment
genetic dispositions to behave in a particular way
personal conflicts existing at the unconscious level
9
The gambler's fallacy reflects the influence of the...
availability heuristic
representativeness heuristic
conjunction heuristic
law of small numbers
10
Which type of intelligence involves the ability to apply acquired knowledge in problem solving?
fluid
procedural
crystallized
episodic
11
The registration of sensory input without conscious awareness refers to
a false alarm
subliminal perception
a superimposed stimulus
a just noticeable difference
12
The fundamental attribution error leads observers to attribute crime in poor neighborhoods to..
crowded living conditions
the personal qualities of the residents
job discrimination experienced by the residents
poor police protection
13
A drug that depresses central nervous system activity is referred to as...
a narcotic
a sedative
an amphetamine
a hallucinogen
14
The process of selectively reinforcing responses that are closer to the desired response is..
stimulus discrimination
step-wise conditioning
shaping
selection
15
A personality measure that asks you to respond freely to an ambiguous stimulus (ex. inkblot) is
a self-report inventory
a behavior rating
a deceptive test
a projective test
16
In Milgram's study of obedience, subjects...
were ordered to deliver painful shocks to a stranger
were put into a simulated prison
became the recipient of painful electric shocks
indicated which of 3 lines matched the "standard line"
17
We often perceive a series of dots as a "solid" line because of the Gestalt principle of...
similiarity
closure
constancy
symmetry
18
The gradual disappearance of an operant response that is no longer being reinforced is called..
conditioned forgetting
extinction
spontaneous remission
unconditioning
19
If you were awakened during REM sleep, you would probably report that you had...
not been dreaming
a headache
not really been asleep
been dreaming
20
The decrease in individual effort exerted by group members when working together on a task is..
social loafing
conformity
deindividuation
group polarization
21
Sleep spindles are characteristic of which stage of the sleep cycle?
REM
stage 2
stage 1
stage 4
22
A perceptual set implies that...
feature analysis is a "hard-wired" process
visual perception is based on bottom-up processing
people often see what they expect to see
the focused-attention stage of processing is overridden
23
In relation to age, which of the following does not belong with the others?
formal operations
autonomy vs. shame & doubt
post-conventional moral reasoning
development of secondary sex characteristics
24
Which of the following is not one of the intelligence types described by Gardner?
logical-mathemathical
spatial
mechanical
musical
25
Diffusion of responsibility refers to the...
loss of identity one experiences in mob violence
assumption others will take responsibility;bystander effect
basis for performing pro-social behavior
halo effect in aggression
26
A student's organized set of expectations on how a professor should act is an example of a..
semantic network
schema
chunk
script
27
Widely held beliefs about groups of people based on their group membership defines...
stereotypes
cognitive structuring
cultural direction
schematizing
28
Which technique would be most useful for locating specific neurotransmitters in the brain?
computerized tomography
magnetic resonance imaging
electrographic tomography
positron emission tomography
29
If a teacher gives an exam with questions that were not covered in class, the test lacks..
predictive validity
content validity
standardized validity
criterion-related validity
30
Most explanations for the Flynn effect revolve around...
genetic influences on IQ
a variety of environmental factors
group differences in basic intelligence
changes in testing procedures
31
The sickly child who becomes a forceful, physically active adult demonstrates what Adler called
fixation
regression
displacement
compensation
32
During the sensorimotor stage of cognitive development, a child experiences the world through..
abstract operations
logical reasoning
systematic hypothesis testing
physical interaction
33
The superego is Freud's term for...
the biological impulses that drive behavior
the moral component of personality
the mediating agent between the id and ego
the conscious aspect of personality
34
Which of the following is not a characteristic of antisocial personality disorder?
social charm
aggressiveness
excessive guilt
manipulative behavior
35
According to the James-Lange theory, one's conscious experience of emotion occurs..
before autonomic arousal
independently of autonomic arousal
after autonomic arousal
simultaneously with autonomic arousal
36
Which of the following is not a common effect of hypnosis?
hallucinations
resistance to pain
reduction of inhibitions
total loss of personal control
37
Which of the following disorders/issues would be least likely to be treated by a psychiatrist?
anxiety disorders
schizophrenia
bipolar disorder
marital problems
38
The area of psychology referring to mental processes or thinking is known as...
intelligence
cognition
introspection
mentalism
39
Potty training is a key challenge in which of Erikson's stages of development?
trust vs. mistrust
industry vs. inferiority
initiative vs. guilt
autonomy vs. shame & doubt
40
Yielding to real or imagined social pressure defines...
cognitive dissonance
groupthink
obedience
conformity
41
Anhedonia is when a person...
has two different psychological disorders
has difficulty experiencing pleasure
experiences mild manic states
has trouble getting along with people
42
If Jane used an external attribution to explain why her son got into a fight, she would say...
the other boy started it and he was defending himself
he can't help himself since he doesn't have self-control
he always gets in fights
he's just like his father
43
A valid test is one that...
has been standardized but not normed
is reliable
is consistent
measures what it is supposed to measure
44
The gate-control theory suggests that incoming pain sensations may be blocked at the...
cortex
thalamus
location of injury
spinal cord
45
The characteristic mood, activity level, and emotional reactivity of an infant is their...
personality
attachment
temperament
behavioral quality
46
The structure that connects the two hemispheres of the brain is called the...
parietal lobe
thalamus
pineal gland
corpus callosum
47
Homeostasis is a state of...
physiological stability
physiological instability
psychological instability
psychological stability
48
Putting group goals ahead of personal goals & defining one's identity in terms of the group is
attributionism
collectivism
individualism
functionalism
49
According to the notion of semantic networks, which word pair should be linked most closely?
fill-feed
boat-goat
tree-bird
car-nose
50
Which type of data collection is the best for studying attitudes?
direct observation
psychological tests
questionnaires
physiological recordings
51
Common side effects of ____ include mood swings, aggression, and impaired mental functioning.
alcohol
sedatives
narcotics
cannabis
52
Multiple-choice tests use what measure of memory?
recognition
relearning
recall
reiteration
53
A person who loses memories of events that occur following a head injury is experiencing...
retrograde amnesia
retroactive interference
pseudoforgetting
anterograde amnesia
54
The hypothalamus influences or regulates all of the following except...
memory
the autonomic nervous system
feeding
the endocrine system
55
The wavelength of light mainly affects our perception of...
light purity
brightness
saturation
color
56
The chemicals that are secreted from the terminal buttons into the synapse are...
action potentials
neurotransmitters
antagonists
agonists
57
The Binet-Simon scale of intelligence expressed a child's score in terms of...
IQ
a percentile score
a potential score
mental age
58
Expectations about what is appropriate behavior for each sex most accurately describes...
gender behaviors
gender differences
gender roles
gender stereotypes
59
The tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon can best be described as an instance of...
complete retrieval failure
partial storage
complete storage failure
partial retrieval
60
What is not a characteristic of groupthink?
dividing the world into the ingroup & outgroup
censoring information that contradicts the group's views
gathering all the relevant information (pros & cons)
censoring dissent from group members
61
Rehearsal is most beneficial for maintaining information in _______ memory.
intermediate-term
short-term
long-term
sensory
62
The school of psychology associated with understanding the purpose of behavior is...
psychoanalysis
neodynamism
behaviorism
functionalism
63
____ measure general mental ability while ___ measure various aspects of people (values, etc).
standardized; intelligence
intelligence; personality
personality; standardized
intelligence; standardized
64
According to the medical model...
all physical illnesses have a psychological component
all mental illnesses are caused by biological factors
all mental illnesses can be treated using drugs
abnormal behavior can be thought of as a disease
65
Slot machines increase gambling behavior through the use of...
a non-contingent reinforcement schedule
a short-delay reinforcement schedule
a continuous reinforcement schedule
an intermittent reinforcement schedule
66
Watson defined psychology as the scientific study of...
behavior
the unconscious
conscious experience
the brain
67
The ability to generate ideas that are original, novel, and useful defines...
intelligence
reasoning
creativity
insight
68
Failure to actively seek out contrary evidence may lead to...
overestimating the improbable
the gambler's fallacy
the confirmation bias
the conjunction fallacy
69
Learning to crawl is an example of which motor development sequence?
the cephalocaudal trend
the proximodistal trend
encephalitis
the cephalopedal trend
70
Learning that is not apparent from behavior when it first occurs is known as...
insight learning
latent learning
operant conditioning
classical conditioning
71
According to Freud, nail-biting may be evidence of fixation at the _____ stage of development.
latency
genital
anal
oral
72
In Pavlov's experiment, the unconditioned stimulus was the...
tone
light
salivation
food/meat powder
73
Which of the following is a mood disorder?
panic disorder
fugue
bipolar disorder
conversion disorder
74
Free association and dream analysis were held to be major methods to discover the makeup of...
irrational thoughts
maladaptive behaviors
the unconscious
the conscious
75
At which stage do people use a personal code of ethics to guide their moral reasoning?
concrete
preconventional
postconventional
conventional
76
Tension reduction is the goal of which motivational theory?
evolutionary theory
incentive theory
instinct theory
drive theory
77
An antagonist...
mimics the action of a neurotransmitter
prevents reuptake of neurotransmitters
blocks the action of neurotransmitters
extends the absolute refractory period
78
In experiments, subjects that receive special treatment are known as...
the observational group
the control group
the correlational group
the experimental group
79
If two sounds vary in frequency they are perceived as differing in...
decibels
pitch
loudness
timbre
80
The last are of the brain to fully mature in late adolescence or early adulthood is the...
medulla
hypothalamus
prefrontal cortex
occipital cortex
81
Destroying part of the brain tissue to observe its effect on behavior is referred to as...
tumor ligation
lesioning
stereotaxic inversion
ESB
82
Alice has a dog phobia, and is being told to completely relax and imagine a dog. This is...
psychotherapy
avoidance therapy
aversion therapy
systematic desensitization
83
Reliability refers to the _______ of a measuring device, such as a test.
accuracy of inference
predictability
consistency
representativeness
84
In the Little Albert experiment, the conditioned stimulus was the...
loud noise
rat
rabbit
fear reaction
85
A father suggests that his son's low marks are due to the child's laziness. He has made...
a distinctive attribution
an external attribution
a situational attribution
an internal attribution
86
The minimum stimulus intensity of any sensory input that an organism can detect is called the..
just noticeable difference
subliminal threshold
sensory memory
absolute threshold
87
The hypothalamus communicates with the endocrine system by way of the..
pituitary gland
thyroid gland
sebaceous gland
pancreas
88
The function of sensory memory is to...
hold sensory impressions long enough for transfer
hold the immediate perception of what was perceived
hold information for a lifetime
put information into long-term memory
89
Mary Ainsworth's strategy for studying infant attachment is known as the __________ procedure.
attachment probing
strange situation
secure-avoidant
shared inhibition
90
The assumption of a preoperational child that a car is moving because she is in it demonstrates
conservation
reversibility
centration
egocentrism
91
What kind of validity do the ACT and SAT strive for?
construct
absolute
criterion-related
content
92
Which of the following does not belong with the other three?
thyroid
pituitary
gonads
thalamus
93
Classical conditioning could account for how a child learns to...
sing a song
tie shoe laces
print letters
fear the dark
94
Focusing awareness on a narrowed range of stimuli or events defines...
sensation
perception
attention
processing
95
In which level of processing is an emphasis placed on the sounds of words?
phonemic
mnemonic
morphemic
platonic
96
The ability to rapidly process words in reading depends most on...
bottom-to-top processing
bottom-up processing
lateral processing
top-down processing
97
Inferences that people draw about the causes of their and other's behavior are known as..
attributions
stereotypes
prejudices
self-serving bias
98
The facial feedback hypothesis suggests that...
the internal state causes the facial expression
other people can identify your emotions by your expressions
you can affect how you feel by making a certain expression
a facial expression is just a sign of internal feelings
99
After having his first ice cream cone yesterday, Dave keeps asking for ice cream, demonstrating
semantic slanting
metalinguistic awareness
overextension
fast-mapping
100
If a dog salivates to a blue light but not a yellow light, the dog is demonstrating...
stimulus generalization
stimulus discrimination
conditioned emotional reactions
spontaneous recovery
101
The minimum length of time between action potentials is determined by...
the relative threshold period
transduction incapacity
the absolute refractory period
transduction capacity
102
Framing refers to...
presenting irrelevant information
structuring decision problems so they lead to poor decisions
how alternatives in a decision problem are presented
presenting only part of the information required
103
Your GPA is an example of which measure of central tendency?
mean
median
midpoint
mode
104
The production of speech is controlled by which area of the frontal lobe?
Broca's area
Cannon's area
Wernicke's area
Sperry's area
105
Five-year-old Bob washes his bike after seeing his father was his car, demonstrating...
observational learning
positive reinforcement
classical conditioning
superstitious behavior
106
Cultural norms that determine which facial expressions are appropriate for what occasions are..
social scripts
investment differentiations
parental investments
display rules
107
Unusually vivid and detailed recollections of momentous events are called...
non-declarative memories
flashbulb memories
sensory memories
episodic memories
108
What is cognitive dissonance?
occurs only when cognitions are unrelated
feeling of discomfort experienced by receivers of persuasion
feelings of guilt produced by acting against your conscience
a state of tension produced by inconsistent cognitions
109
Aggression is often a behavioral response to stressors involving...
pressure
change
frustration
conflict
110
The neurotransmitter associated with schizophrenia is...
endorphin
acetylcholine
dopamine
serotonin
111
The sensory receptors for smell are referred to as...
gustatory bulbs
smell buds
sciatic receptors
olfactory cilia
112
Severing the reticular formation in cats caused them to
become fearful/cautious
remain in continuous sleep
become aggressive
remain in continuous wakefulness
113
The idea that we should pay back in kind what we receive from others is known as the..
the law of cognitive dissonance
the principle of collectivism
display rules
the reciprocity norm
114
Depression is an example of a _____ mood disorder.
cyclical
unipolar
bipolar
dissociative
115
The structure of the ear that transduces sound vibrations into nerve impulses is the...
cochlea
temporal lobe
stirrup
oval window
116
The amygdala plays a role in the modulation of which emotion?
fear
happiness
sadness
surprise
117
The test you are currently taking is an example of what kind of test?
an intelligence test
an achievement test
an aptitude test
a personality test
118
If you suffer from depression, which type of psychologists would be of the most help to you?
a forensic psychologist
a developmental psychologist
a social psychologist
a clinical psychologist
119
Negative reinforcement involves...
the removal of an unpleasant stimulus
the presentation of a pleasant stimulus
the removal of a pleasant stimulus
the presentation of an unpleasant stimulus
120
Conditioned taste aversions represent an unusual or atypical example of...
punishment
classical conditioning
observational learning
operant conditioning
121
In order for a memory to be stored, it must first be..
retrieved
modeled
ablated
encoded
122
Cohort effects are most closely associated with which research design?
cross-sectional
time of testing
sequential
longitundinal
123
Dave washes his hands 50 times a day, even when they're not dirty. This is an example of..
a compulsion
a delusion
a phobia
an obsession
124
People who have hormonal imbalances have problems with their...
endocrine system
leftbrain/right brain communication
reticular formation
limbic system
125
The largely unconscious reactions used to protect us from guilt and anxiety are known as...
defense mechanisms
offense mechanisms
id mechanisms
coping mechanisms
126
When Bob hits his thumb with a hammer, the sensation will be transmitted to the CNS by...
efferent nerves
sympathetic nerves
autonomic nerves
afferent nerves
127
Which of the following statements is the best example of telegraphic speech?
give cookie
cookie
i wanted a cookie
I eated a cookie
128
Prejudice is to discrimination as...
behavior is to motive
feeling is to thinking
attitude is to action
thought is to perception
129
A rat learns to press a bar to turn off an electric shock. This is an example of...
an unconditioned response
avoidance learning
positive reinforcement
escape learning
130
Voluntary responses come to be controlled by their consequences in what type of learning?
operant conditioning
reinforcement
observational learning
classical conditioning
131
The process of pushing distressing thoughts into the unconscious and keeping them there is...
suppression
neurogenic amnesia
repression
avoidance
132
What is somnambulism?
sleep-talking
difficulty remaining asleep
difficulty breathing when asleep
sleep-walking
133
The deepest level of processing which involves emphasizing the meaning of words is known as...
the triarchic level of encoding
the semantic level of encoding
dyadic encoding
attention encoding
134
Substances such as viruses and drugs that can harm a developing fetus are known as...
teratogens
pathogens
opiates
prenatals
135
Who is responsible for establishing psychology as an independent discipline?
Rene Decartes
William James
Wilhelm Wundt
G. Stanley Hall
136
A person who perceives stimuli that aren't there is said to have...
delusions
hallucinations
obsessions
illusions
137
A stimulus evokes a response that was originally evoked by another stimulus in...
classical conditioning
observational learning
operant conditioning
state-dependent learning
138
The most optimistic view of human nature is found in the ________ approach.
cognitive
psychoanalytic
humanistic
behavioral
139
PTSD is an example of what kind of disorder?
schizophrenic
personality
anxiety
mood
140
If the occipital lobe is stimulated, the person would be most likely to report...
hearing a sound
smelling an odor
moving a part of his body
seeing a flash of light
141
When a choice must be made between two unattractive goals, you are experiencing...
an avoidance-avoidance conflict
an approach-approach conflict
a risk-aversion conflict
an approach-avoidance conflict
142
Although Sheri falls asleep easily, she has difficulty remaining asleep. Sheri suffers from..
sleep apnea
insomnia
narcolepsy
pseudoinsomnia
143
Which brain structure is most closely related to regulating emotions?
reticular formation
cerebellum
limbic system
brainstem
144
According to the five-factor model, people who score _____ tend to be trusting and cooperative.
low in openness
low in extraversion
high in neuroticism
high in agreeableness
145
If a psychological test intends to tell you how you score relative to others, they must develop
test scales
test norms
test scores
test levels
146
Hadley uses ____ to relieve the symptoms of her glaucoma and relax her.
heroin
mescaline
marijuana
cocaine
147
You see a female VP being pushy/aggressive, and then assume all female VPs are this way, which
a contravened stereotype
a heuristic observation
demonstrates an illusory correlation
a self-serving attribution
148
An electroencephalograph is used in sleep research to measure brain-wave activity in the...
cerebral cortex
corpus callosum
hypothalamus
medulla
149
Which statistical method is used to determine the reliability of a test?
percentiles
means
standard deviation
correlation coefficients
150
The EEG pattern associated with normal, waking, alert states is...
alpha
delta
gamma
beta
