Final Study II

The ___ is an embryonic layer only found in Bilateria eumetazoans.

The ____ moves water over the ctenidia to aid in several functions.

What is the feeding structure of the Mollusca, considered a synapomorphy?

Cnidaria: What class does this organism belong to?

Which order of Cephalopoda is considered the most primitive?

A polyp form can be absent in

What is the correct term for this tree?

A _____ depicts relationships among organism/relatedness between taxa

Who argued for the adoption of the 5 kingdom system with modifications to account for the evolutionary history of cells?

Cnidaria: What class does this organism belong to?

Most eukaryotic diversity is found in

What classes of Cnidaria have a polyp and medusa stage?

What class are corals in?

What method is used for locomotion by cnidarians in medusoid form?

The sister group to Metazoa is

What class of Porifera is also found in freshwater?

Nematocysts use what to paralyze prey

What class of Porifera is the largest?

What did systematic biology grow out of?

What is the sister group of Metazoa?

Characteristics of this order include: no tentacles, no shell, chromatophores, image forming eyes, eight arms w/ suckers

The lower epithelium of placozoans

A sister group comprises the closest relatives of another given unit in an evolutionary tree

The body surface of Dugesia tigrina is covered with ____ to facilitate gliding locomotion.

___ is an ancestral character state; any trait inherited from the common ancestor of the group.

Animals belong within the sub supergroup ___.

Characteristics of ___ include protosome, ecdysis growth, lack of locomotory cilia and spiral cleavage, cuticle

These cells use flagella to move water through the body of a sponge.

What does the coelom function as in Phylum Annelida?

Having what has allowed some platyhelminth to grow to large body sizes and efficiently distribute nutrients.

Human arms and bat wings are an example of

Ctenophores have a ___ level of organization.

All of Mollusca have an open circulatory system.

Which of the groups do scientists agree is the sister of all other metazoa?

What is maximum parsimony?

What is the correct term for this tree?

Nemerteans are recognized as

Most groups build cuticle from chitin.

What is true of sponges?

Cnidarian: The outer layer is

What is ecdysozoa mediated by?

Polyphyletic means descended from a common evolutionary ancestor but not including all the descendant groups

Healthy corals are brightly colored because they

The underlying premise of phylogenetics is that

Nutrients are aquired via ___ in Cestoda.

Cnidaria: What class does this organism belong to?

What is the correct order of classifications?

The ___ is the tissue between the viscera and body wall. (Platyhelminthes)

What is numerical taxonomy?

The lack of a body cavity observed in some solid worms is defined as

What is the correct term for this tree?

What system is typically reduced/lost in intestinal parasites?

Ecdysis involves which of the following?

Multicellularity in animals, plants, and fungi

What phylum has biradial symmetry, ctenes, and tentacles studded with colloblasts?

The _____ is a gelatinous acellular substance in cnidarians.

The flagellum of choanoflagellates functions in

This subkingdom is TYPICALLY unicellular and lacks intrasomatic variation

Define paraphyletic

Which of the following describes how the coelom has been modified in molluscs?

This phylum consists of free-living, aquatic acoelomates with "hairy" transparent bodies.

Cnidaria: What class does this organism belong to?

The wings of a butterfly compared to the wings of a bird are an example of

Siboglinids living in hydrothermal vents oxidize sulfur instead of carbon, accomplished by

Which consists mostly/entirely of parasites?

Ctenophorans are structurally more complex than cnidarians

This subkingdom is multicellular, has ribosomes and intrasomatic variation

___ cells allow placozoans to manipulate their body around prey prior to intracellular digestion.

Deposit feeders will eat their way through dirt/sediments and remove decayed organic material consumed.

Which is homologous to the bones in the wing of a bird?

What is the gelatinous acellular substance in cnidarians?

__ is a derived trait unique to a particular taxa

Cnidarians typically have __ symmetry.

What is the most complex body plan in Porifera?

Define a monogenean

Cubozoans are

A character shared by lineages due to inheritance from a common ancestor is ___

Animals belong to the lineage _____.

Characteristics of this order include: eight arms, two tentacles, cloak like web, pineapple posture, bioluminescence

Newick topology is a way of representing graph theory trees with edge lengths using () and ,

Characteristics that all metazoans share include

Gastrotricha hold ___ importance in the benthic microbial loop.

What're the specialized structures that aid Gastrotrichs in excretion and osmoregulation?

Characteristics of this order include: cirri, beak with 2 jaws, direct development, countershading, external shell

A requirement for an animal to be placed in a specific phylum is

Rotifera have a fixed number of ___ as adults.

This phylum is microscopic, abundant in freshwater and limnoterrestrial, peculiar for its desiccation capabilities

Who argued that, in regards to similarity, "it may not always be meaningful in terms of evolution".

A defining feature of cnidarians is their __.

How do Gastrotrichs use their forked tail to form attachments to substrates?

Bivalves lack a

Adaptations for an active lifestyle in Cephalopoda include

A __ gathers their food with its corona and chews it with trophi.

When sponges filter feed, the water enters through the ___

Characteristics of this order include: fourth pair of arms modified into tentacles, large eyes, suckers with horny rings

Bath sponges are members of

Cephalopoda differs from most other Mollusca because they