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Evolution Review
Evolution Review
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A review of the scientific method, Darwin, life tables, and phylogenetic trees.
Flashcards
59 cards
F
Practice quiz
P
Host live
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Questions
59
Answers
1
From the beginning, Darwin's ideas were...
that humans evolved from monkeys
misunderstood and ridiculed
accepted immediately
ignored
2
Polytomy is...
when ancestor relationships are unresolved
marriage with more than one spouse
when a trait is lost by descendants
when a trait is shared by all descendants
3
What is a monophyletic group?
ancestor + all descendants
ancestor + some descendants
no ancestor + some descendants
4
"Reptiles" are a ____ group.
monophyletic
polyphyletic
paraphyletic
5
The population size of K-selected species is....
Highly variable
Density-dependent
Density-independent
Not at equilibrium
6
The yellow group represents...
monophyly
polyphyly
paraphyly
7
What "selects" for the most adaptive traits?
The environment
The population
Your mom
The individual
8
Charles Darwin shares the same birthday (day, month, and year) as which American president?
Barack Obama
George Washington
Abraham Lincoln
Thomas Jefferson
9
In the scientific method, which comes first?
Design experiment
Hypothesis
Analysis
Data collection
10
The red group represents...
polyphyly
paraphyly
monophyly
11
What is NOT an example of a homology?
Wings of bats and flippers of dolphins
Wings of butterflies and flies
Wings of birds and bats
Wing of birds and arms of humans
12
In Thomas Malthus's essay on the principal of population, he talks about the "struggle for ___"
existance
time
resistance
reproduction
13
Delayed reproduction is characteristic of r-selected or K-selected species?
r-selected
K-selected species
14
Change in frequencies of inherited characteristics in a population over time is...
Demography
Evolution
Cell Theory
Natural selection
15
On a life table, m
x
represents...
Per capita fecundity
Fecundity
Number of offspring
Number of mothers
16
A shared ancestral trait is a...
Synapomorphy
Symplesiomorphy
Polytomy
Homoplasy
17
How do you calculate net reproductive rate (R
o
)?
lxmx
∑xlxmx
∑lxmx
lx/mx
18
The blue group represents...
polyphyly
paraphyly
monophyly
19
Is competition for limited resources characteristic of r-selected or K-selected species?
r-selected
K-selected
20
A shared derived trait is a...
Symplesiomorphy
Synapomorphy
Homoplasy
Polytomy
21
On a life table, n
x
represents...
Number of individuals
Number of offspring
Fecundity
Per Capita Fecundity
22
Darwin was inspired by the writings of which famous geologist?
Charles Lyell
Erasmus Darwin
Donald Trump
Jean Baptiste Lamarck
23
Before Darwin, Lamarck hypothesized evolution occurred through...
inheritance of heritable characteristics
inheritance of acquired characterstics
24
Who came up with same idea for the mechanism of evolution as Darwin?
Carl Linnaeus
Alfred Russel Wallace
Erasmus Darwin
Jean-Baptiste Lamarck
25
What makes it difficult to construct phylogenetic trees?
synapomorphies & homologies
symplesiomorphies & homoplasies
symplesiomorphies & homologies
symplesiomorphies & synapomorphies
26
On a life table, l
x
represents...
Per capita fecundity
Survivorship
Number of offspring
Fecundity
27
What is a polyphyletic group?
ancestor + all descendants
ancestor + some descendants
no ancestor + some descendants
28
Which taxa has gone extinct?
B
A
D
None of the above
29
Lamarck's theories were based on the idea of....
heritable characteristics
separate independent lineages
evolutionary trees
a single common ancestor
30
How do you calculate the instantaneous population growth rate (r)?
(ln Ro)*T
Ro*T
(ln Ro)/T
Ro/T
31
Exponential population growth is characteristic of r-selected or K-selected species?
K-selected
r-selected
32
"Amniotes" are a ___ group.
monophyletic
polyphyletic
paraphyletic
33
Many populations reach a carrying capacity and have what kind of growth?
Exponential
Logistic
Quadrat
Linear
34
Who is the common ancestor to D & G?
4
1
3
2
35
Evolution is a
Fact
Hypothesis
Law
Theory
36
Darwin's
The Origin of Species
was published in what year?
1859
1959
1659
1759
37
Average number of offspring produced by each reproductive individual in the population is...
Fecundity (mx)
Net reproductive rate (Ro)
Per capita fecundity (lxmx)
Approximate generation time (T)
38
How do you calculate approximate generation time (T)?
(∑xlxmx)/(∑lxmx)
(∑xlxmx)/nx
(∑lxmx)/(lxmx)
(xlxmx)/(lxmx)
39
Is E more closely related to D or F?
F
Not related to either
Same
D
40
On a life table, F
x
represents...
Number of individuals
Number of offspring
Per capita fecundity
Fecundity
41
"Fliers" are a ___ group.
paraphyletic
monphyletic
polyphyletic
42
What is a paraphyletic group?
ancestor + some descendants
ancestor + all descendants
no ancestor + some descendants
43
If the instantaneous growth rate is negative, the population is...
decreasing
increasing exponentially
staying the same
increasing linearily
44
How do you calculate survivorship (l
x
)?
nx/no
Fx/nx
no/nx
Fx/no
45
If a character is shared by a set of species but not present in their common ancestor, it is...
homology
synapomorphy
symplesiomorphy
homoplasy
46
Is a variable environment characteristic of r-selected or K-selected species?
K-selected
r-selected
47
Approximate generation time (T) is the approximate average age of _____ in the population.
breeders
offspring
fathers
survivors
48
On a life table, x represents...
Age class
Number of individuals
Fecundity
Survivorship
49
The existence of shared ancestry between a pair of structures or genes in different taxa is...
homoplasy
homology
evolution
natural selection
50
Short life spans are characteristic of r-selected or K-selected species?
K-selected
r-selected
51
What is survivorship?
Reality TV show
Proportion of individuals surviving to particular age class
Average # of offspring produced per individual
# of individuals surviving to particular age class
52
Which is NOT a parameter you can determine from a life table?
Approximate generation time
Net reproductive rate
Male: female ratio
Per capita fecundity
53
Which idea was NOT a part of Darwin's logic?
Individuals vary
Variation arises randomly
Unlimited resources
Differential survival and reproduction
54
Which pair are sister taxa?
A & B
F & G
D & E
E & F
55
Homoplasies arise from...
Shared, derived traits
Individual, acquired traits
Convergent evolution
Divergent evolution
56
How do you calculate fecundity (m
x
)?
lxmx
Fx/nx
no/nx
nx/no
57
The average number of offspring produced per individual in a particular age class is...
Generation time
Per capita fecundity
Fecundity
Survivorship
58
K-selected species maximize...
Intrinsic rate of increase
Individual growth
Efficiency
Population growth
59
What evolves?
Populations
Ecosystems
Individuals
Communities
