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Energy/Photosynthesis/Cellular Respiration Flashcards | StudBud
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Energy/Photosynthesis/Cellular Respiration
Energy/Photosynthesis/Cellular Respiration
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#Bioenergetics
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1
The enzyme that is responsible for carbon fixation is
ATP synthase
Rubisco
carbon dioxidase
RuBPase
2
The inner membrane of each mitochondrion is highly convoluted? How does this make more ATP?
more surface area to perform glycolysis
more surface area to observe sunlight
more surface area for thylakoid membrane
more surface area to have more copies of the ETC
3
Where do the light-dependent reactions occur?
thylakoid membrane
stroma
matrix
cytoplasm
4
Organisms that eat both plants and animals are called
carniherbivores
herbivores
omnivores
carnivores
5
Linking carbon atoms together is called
carbon polymerization
carbon fixation
carbon linkage
carbon biosynthesis
6
Organisms that make their own food are called
heterotrophs
consumers
detrivores
producers
7
What the most important concept (word) in this energy unit?
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
glucose
energy
ATP
8
Microscopic holes that allow for gas exchange in the leaf are called
stoma
stomata
stomacha
stromata
9
Organisms that must acquire energy/nutrients from other organisms are called
consumers
producers
photosynthetic autrotrophs
chemoautotrophs
10
The 2 electrons must be replaced. What is the source of the replaced electrons?
glucose
water
carbon dioxide
oxygen gas
11
Products of cellular respiration
water, energy stored in ATP, carbon dioxide
energy stored in ATP, carbon dioxide, and H2O2.
energy stored in ATP, glucose, and water
sunlight, oxygen gas, and water
12
Could plants survive without animals?
Let's cut down all the trees to see.
Yes, of course
No, because animals evolved before plants.
No, not a chance
13
What is the purpose of the ETC in cellular respiration?
transfer energy from electrons and H+ to make ATP
make oxygen gas
transfer energy from electrons and H+ to make ADP
make glucose
14
How many PGALs are turned into glucose?
4
10
2
6
15
A carnivore only eats
meat
meat and salad
plants and meat
plants
16
What is the purpose of glycolysis?
make a net of 2 ATP
make 2 NADHs
to break glucose into 2 pyruvates
all of these
17
Explain how PS and CR contributed to the amazing diversity of life?
more energy available for adaptations
all of these
more energy for sexual reproduction/increases diversity
more energy available for predators/natural selection
18
Reactants of photosynthesis
water, sunlight, and carbon dioxide
water, sunlight, and oxygen
glucose, oxygen gas
glucose, carbon dioxide, and sunlight
19
When a ecosystem feels the negative effects of the removal of an apex predator
extinction
trophic absence
endangered species
trophic cascade
20
How is all life interconnected (dependent on each other)?
biodiversity strengthens the health of an ecosystem
all of these
trophic cascades illustrate interdependence
every organism is food for something else
21
During carbon fixation, 6 carbon dioxide molecules react with
6 PGALs
6 RuBPs
6 NADPHs
6 PGAs
22
Where does glycolysis occur?
thylakoid membrane
inner mitochondrial membrane
stroma
cytoplasm
23
The correct order of abbreviated steps of cellular respiration are
gly, ox. of pyr., CAC, ETC
ox. of pyr. gly, CAC, ETC
ETC, CAC, ox. of pyr. gly
gly, CAC, ox. of pyr, ETC
24
Where does the Calvin cycle occur?
stroma
thylakoid membrane
intermembrane space in mitochondria
mitochondrial matrix
25
What organisms do photosynthesis?
the aliens who made the Egyptian pyramids
chemosynthetic autotrophs
autotrophs/producers
heterotrophs/consumers
26
Products of photosynthesis
sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water
oxygen gas and glucose
ATP, glucose, and water
glucose and carbon dioxide
27
Where does the citric acid cycle occur?
inner mitochondrial membrane space
thylakoid membrane
stroma
bottom side of leaves
28
Why is photosynthesis the most important chemical reaction on Earth?
captures the most amount of energy of all metabolism
produces O2 which helps make the most ATP of all metabolism
all of these
is the basis for all the food chains on Earth
29
How did the development of organelles in eukaryotic cells allow for increased complexity?
Organelles greatly increased surface area inside the cell
Separated chemical reactions that would undue each other
all of these
Increased the efficiency of PS and cellular respiration
30
What are the outputs of the oxidation of pyruvate?
2 acetyl CoA and 4oxaloacetate
2 acetyl CoA, 2 ATP, 2 carbon dioxide
2 acetyl CoA, 2 carbon dioxide, 2 NADH
2 succinate, 2 oxaloacetate, and 2 citric acid
31
What are the outputs of the electron transport chain?
ATP and water
ATP and oxygen gas
pyruvate and ATP
ATP, high energy electrons, and H+
32
After the carbon fixation step, the six 6-carbon intermediate molecules
combine to make 12 PGAL molecules
split in half to make 12 PGA molecules
split in half to make 12 PGAL molecules
combine to make 12 PGA molecules
33
What are the inputs of the oxidation of pyruvate?
2 pyruvate, coenzyme A
2 NADH, 2 pyruvates, coenzyme A
2 ATP, coenzyme A, and citric acid
6 carbon dioxide, 6 RuBP
34
The part of the plant that absorb the energy from sunlight is the
branch
leaf
root
trunk
35
What are the outputs of glycolysis?
12 PGAand 12 RuBP
2 ATP, 2 pyruvates, and 2 NADH
oxaloacetate and acetyl CoA
4 ATP, 2 pyruvates, and 2 NADH
36
Herbivores eat
plants and animals
plants
animals
algae only
37
What is the purpose of photosynthesis?
make ATP
make NADH
store energy in synthesized glucose molecules
make oxygen gas
38
How many PGALs are recycled into RuBPs?
4
6
2
10
39
Where does the ETC in cellular respiration occur?
stroma
inner membrane of the chloroplast
cytoplasm
inner membrane of the mitochondira
40
glucose + oxygen gas ----> carbon dioxide + water + energy stored in ATP
cellular respiration
photosynthesis
glycolysis
fermentation
41
An organism at the top of the food web in an ecosystem is called
apex autotroph
apex predator
apex consumer
apex producer
42
What are the inputs to the electron transport chain?
carbon dioxide and RuBP
high energy electrons, H+, and oyxgen gas
NADH, FADH2, oxygen gas, ADP, and phosphate ions
high energy electrons, H+, and water
43
Where does photosynthesis occur?
chloroplasts
mitochondria
chloroblasts
centrioles
44
The Law of Conservation of Energy states that energy
must be recycled
can not be created or destroyed and can't change forms
can be created or destroyed and change forms
can not be created or destroyed but change can forms
45
What are the outputs of the citric acid cycle?
citric acid, oxaloacetate, and ATP
32 ATP and water
32 ADP and oxygen gas
6 NADH, 2 FADH2, 2 ATP, 2 oxaloacetate
46
What are the inputs of glycolysis?
1 glucose and 1 oxygen molecule
1 glucose, 2 NADH, and 2 ATP
1 glucose, 2 NAD+, and 2 ATP
2 glucose and 4 ATP
47
Name pigment molecules
xanthophyll and carotenoids
all of these
Chlorophyll A and B
anthocyanins and flavanols
48
What causes the Sun to release energy?
photosynthesis and cellular respiration
the chemical reaction of combustion using oxygen gas
the nuclear reaction of fission of hydrogen gas
the nuclear reaction of fusion of hydrogen gas
49
What are the inputs to the citric acid cycle?
acetyl CoA and citric acid
succinate and oxaloacetate
acetyl CoA , oxaloacetate, ADP, NAD+, FAD+
high energy electrons and H+
50
The Law of Conservation of Mass states that
atoms can be created and destroyed
atoms can not be created or destroyed
atoms are made of molecules
chemical reactions do not need to be balanced
51
Why must energy be transferred from glucose to ATP? (Why is cellular respiration necessary?)
all of these
mitochondria are more important than cholorplasts
too much energy is lost as heat if it broken down at once
ATP is older than glucose
52
What happens if oxygen gas is not available in the ETC?
only 2 of the potential 36 ATP are made per glucose
all of these
the citric acid cycle stops working
he ETC stops working
53
Chlorophyll molecules transfer the energy from sunlight to the
mitochondrial matrix
ETC
citric acid cycle
reaction center chlorophyll molecule
54
Why do plants have many small leaves instead of less numerous very large leaves?
all of these
less likely to be eaten by herbivores
greater surface to absorb more energy from sunlight
easier to support leaves against gravity
55
The 2 electrons that the reaction center chlorophyll loses enter the
thylakoid ETC
stroma
cytoplasm ETC
mitochondrial ETC
56
What word is equivalent to hetertroph?
fermentation
autotroph
photosynthesis
consumer
57
What are the two most important steps of the carbon cycle for life?
photosynthesis and cellular respiration
photosynthesis and decomposition
cellular respiration and combustion
fossil fuel formation and combustion
58
Reactants of cellular respiration
water and glucose
glucose and NADH
water and carbon dioxide
glucose and oxygen
59
The reaction center chlorophyll molecule absorbs energy which causes it to lose
2 high energy electrons
2 neutrons
2 protons
2 ATPs
60
How did PS and CR contribute to the evolution of eukaryotic cells?
helped make ribosomes
helped make phospholipids
allowed for the greater utilization of energy
helped make circular DNA
61
Why is energy required to make ATP?
to overcome the attraction of the PGA molecules
to overcome the repulsion of the glucose molecules
to overcome the attraction of the phosphate groups
to overcome the repulsion of the negative phosphate groups
62
Explain how the internal structure of chloroplasts increase glucose production?
multiple thylakoid membranes increase surface area
each chloroplast have many grana
all of these
thylakoid membranes are organized into a granum
63
Where does the oxidation of pyruvate occur?
thylakoid membrane
mitochondria
stroma
ATP synthase
64
What is the benefit of 5/6th of the potential glucose turned back into RuBP?
making RuBP from scratch is very energy expensive
it's better to make a small but constant supply of glucose
all of these
the slow carbon fixation step doesn't have to wait on RuBP
65
The energy released by the electrons in the thylakoid ETC is used to
recycle RuBP
used to make ATP from the breakdown of glucose
pump H+ out to create a H+ gradient to make ATP
convert PGAL into PGA
66
Why is the formation of NADH and FADH
2
so important in cellular respiration?
brings high energy electrons and H+ to the ETC to make ATP
prevents electron and H+ from damaging the cell
breaks down glucose in glycolysis
makes glucose
67
Why are food webs a better representation of how energy/nutrients flow than food chains?
all ecosystems have spiders
shows all the possible feeding relationships
apex predators are never omnivores
tropical rain forests have upside down energy pyramids
68
What is the purpose of cellular respiration?
to build glucose molecules
break down glucose to store its energy in ATP molecules
store energy in glucose molecules
release energy from ADP molecules
69
Maximizing surface area in chloroplasts and mitochondria is important because
it makes cell membranes stronger
it make cells more osmosis resistant
it allows cells to capture/use a larger amount of energy
it makes cells more disease resistant
70
What is oxygen's job in the ETC?
to react with glucose to make ATP
to react with water to make O3.
to react with ADP to make ATP
to react with electrons and H+ to make water
71
Why is it necessary for cells to have cycle like the Calvin or citric acid cycle.
cells have limited resources
all of these
Law of Conservation of Mass
more efficient
72
What is the correct amount of ATP per glucose molecule in each step of CR in order?
2,2,0,32
2,0,2,32
32,0,2,2
2,0,4, 30
73
The outputs of the light-dependent reactions are
ATP, oxygen gas, and NADPH
ATP and PGA
ATP and NADPH
ATP and PGAL
74
The H+ generated by the breakdown of water is also used for
turn PGAL into PGA
making carbon dioxide
making NADPH from NADP+
all of these
75
Decomposers with mouths are called
carnivores
detrivores
debtivores
herbivores
76
12 PGA molecules react with ATP and NADPH to make
12 RuBPs
12 PGAIs
12 PAGLs
12 PGALs
77
What are the 2 major steps of photosynthesis?
NADPH cycle, glycolysis
citric acid cycle, oxidation of pyruvate
light dependent and light independent reactions
ETC, Calvin cylce
78
The purpose of a pigment moleucule is to
release energy to the mitochondria to make ATP
absorb energy from breakdown of ATP
absorb energy from specific wavelengths of light
reflect bad wavelengths of light
79
Why is a H+ concentration gradient created in the intermembrane space of the mitochondria?
to provide energy to run the citric acid cycle
to store potential energy used by ATP synthase to make ATP
to make glucose
recycle RuBP
80
As the two high-energy electrons travel through the thylakoid ETC, they
release energy to break down ATP
absorb more energy to make glucose
absorb energy to make NADPH
release energy to make NADPH
81
Chlorophyll molecules are embedded in the
inner membrane of the mitochondria
thylakoid membrane
cytoplasm
stroma
82
What word is equivalent to producer?
herbivore
carnivore
omnivore
autotroph
83
ATP provides _______ and NADPH provides _______ for _______________.
hydrogen ions, energy, Calvin cycle
energy, hydrogen ions, glycolysis
hydrogen ions, energy, the citric acid cycle
energy, hydrogen ions, Calvin cycle
84
carbon dioxide + water + sunlight ---> glucose + oxygen gas
cellular respiration
fermentation
photosynthesis
electron transport chain
85
Organisms that break down organic matter are called
slime molds
phytoplankton
decomposers
mushrooms
