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Second World War in the Americas: 4.1-4.6 Flashcards | StudBud
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Second World War in the Americas: 4.1-4.6
Second World War in the Americas: 4.1-4.6
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1
Why did many women want to keep their jobs post-war?
They disliked children
They needed pensions
They disliked their husbands
They felt empowered and disliked inequality
2
Why was Hong Kong controversial for Canada?
Canada refused to help
Canada never sent troops
It was a victory
UK considered it expendable
3
Why was the Tuskegee Airmen's record important?
They ended segregation
They built aircraft
They never lost a bomber
They led the invasion
4
Why did Roosevelt seek hemispheric solidarity by 1940?
The outbreak of WWII
Desire to colonize Latin America
End of the Great Depression
Support for Japanese expansion
5
What was the purpose of 'Victory Gardens'?
To export food to allies
To train soldiers in survival
To compete with Axis farming
To grow food for civilians during wartime
6
Which event highlighted ethnic tensions between sailors and Mexican-American youth?
Watts Rebellion
Chicano Walkout
Zoot Suit Riots
Selma March
7
How many Canadian conscripts saw battle?
13,000
25,000
2,500
16,000
8
How were returning servicemen affected by independent women?
They joined protest movements
They felt irrelevant and displaced
They accepted new roles
They moved to Canada
9
Where was enriched uranium produced?
Trinity Site
Los Alamos
Oak Ridge
Hanford
10
How were Japanese Canadians moved inland?
Sent by plane
Given 24 hours to pack
Marched under guard
Offered financial incentive
11
What did the Trinity test explosion equal in TNT?
18,000 tons
108 tons
500 tons
1,000 tons
12
Which group opposed conscription on political grounds?
Nation of Islam
NAACP
Quakers
Urban League
13
What U.S. law in 1930 raised tariffs and worsened hemispheric relations?
Neutrality Act
Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act
Reciprocal Trade Agreements Act
Revenue Act
14
What was the name of the bomber that dropped the bomb on Hiroshima?
Enola Gay
Memphis Belle
Little Boy
Fat Man
15
Why was the Buenos Aires Convention controversial in the US?
It demanded new taxes
It supported military coups
It limited protection of US investments abroad
It encouraged migration
16
Which population had lands used for internment camps and resource mining?
African Americans
Mexican Americans
Native Americans
Japanese Americans
17
What key conference did Canada host in 1943?
Quadrant Conference
Tehran Conference
Dumbarton Oaks
Yalta Summit
18
What scientific breakthrough allowed for the development of the atom bomb?
Radioactive decay
Plasma fusion
Quantum tunneling
Nuclear fission
19
Which Latin American country was most active in supporting the Spanish Republicans during the Civil War?
Mexico
Cuba
Argentina
Brazil
20
What 1945 treaty did Mexico host that reinforced Good Neighbor principles?
OAS Charter
Rio Pact
Inter-American Treaty of Reciprocal Assistance
NAFTA
21
Why did Truman decide to drop the bomb?
To test Soviet reactions
To end the war quickly
To destroy industry
For revenge
22
Which country did not fully benefit from trade with Germany due to compensation marks?
Brazil
Colombia
Argentina
Mexico
23
What was Mexico’s stance before 1942?
Declared war in 1939
Neutral unless attacked
Openly against the Axis
Pro-German
24
What was a consequence of Latin America’s reliance on US markets during WWII?
Complete economic independence
Inflation and economic growth
Increased trade with Axis powers
Decline in agricultural output
25
How many people died instantly in Hiroshima?
30,000
150,000
70,000–80,000
5,000
26
What Mexican institution offered loans to new industries?
NAFINSA
IMSS
BANAMEX
PEMEX
27
How many German Latin Americans were sent to the US?
11,000
4300
1,800
500
28
What organization emphasized shared democratic values across the Americas?
League of Nations
United Nations
Coordinator of Inter-American Affairs (CIAA)
British Commonwealth
29
What was the Freedom Field Mutiny?
An NAACP protest
A military coup in Indiana
A strike by shipyard workers
A protest by Tuskegee Airmen over discrimination
30
What sectors grew in Mexico due to import substitution?
Oil, rail, tourism
Textile, food, chemicals
Auto, defense, software
Pharma, steel, gold
31
Which language was banned in Brazilian schools during WWII?
Japanese
German
English
Italian
32
What percentage of Canadians supported the 1942 conscription plebiscite?
50%
30%
90%
70%
33
What happened to Mexico’s national income during the war?
It stayed the same
It was halved
It nearly tripled
It collapsed
34
Why did the US boycott Mexican oil in the late 1930s?
Mexico expropriated foreign oil companies
Oil prices were too high
Mexico joined the Axis powers
Mexico banned US imports
35
Why was Nagasaki bombed instead of Kokura?
Nagasaki asked for surrender
Cloud cover over Kokura
Kokura surrendered
Nagasaki was larger
36
What major demographic change occurred in the USA during WWII?
Farms shut down
City populations declined
Millions moved to new states
Mass deportations occurred
37
Which event pushed Roosevelt to implement peacetime conscription?
Battle of Britain
Victory in Africa
Pearl Harbor
Fall of France and Low Countries
38
Who wrote a 1939 letter to Roosevelt about atomic energy?
Robert Oppenheimer
Albert Einstein
Leo Szilard
Enrico Fermi
39
Where was the Atlantic Convoy Conference held?
Ottawa
Vancouver
Montreal
Halifax
40
Which viewpoint argues the bomb was used to intimidate the USSR?
Show of force theory
Economic theory
Moral necessity
Conventional bombing extension
41
What was the Potrero del Llano?
Secret US-Mexico treaty
A Mexican airbase
Mexican tanker sunk by Germany
Spanish naval base
42
Why did Canada not join the Pan-American Union?
Lack of funding
US opposition citing Monroe Doctrine
British veto
Latin American rejection
43
What was one condition for Japanese Canadians to lease farmland?
Church approval
Special licenses
Birth certificate
Military clearance
44
What did Japanese Americans lose as a result of internment?
Property and businesses
Voting rights
Citizenship
Military pensions
45
How many died instantly in Nagasaki?
10,000
40,000
70,000
90,000
46
What was Mexico’s military policy after declaring war?
Occupied Berlin
No troops in Europe
Total mobilization
Sent navy to Atlantic
47
What was the Bracero Program?
Mexican military draft
Guest worker program with the USA
Border security act
Labor strike agreement
48
Which agreement allowed Canadian-made goods to be included in Lend-Lease aid?
Buenos Aires Pact
Montevideo Convention
Rio Treaty
Hyde Park Declaration
49
What event caused Mexico to enter WWII?
Sinking of Mexican tankers
Invasion of the US
Japanese attack on Baja California
German spies caught in Mexico
50
What was the War Relocation Authority (WRA)?
Agency managing internment camps
Housing bureau for veterans
Military intelligence unit
Anti-spy task force
51
What distinguished Japanese Latin Americans from other internees?
Lacked constitutional rights
Were combat veterans
Never experienced discrimination
Spoke Portuguese
52
What caused a shift in Mexican public opinion about WWII?
Japanese land invasion
UK oil embargo
German refusal to apologize for attacks
US military conscription
53
How did the US Supreme Court rule in December 1944?
Internment was fully justified
Japanese were spies
Loyalty tests were unconstitutional
Exclusion orders were rescinded
54
What type of structures were most of Nagasaki’s buildings?
Concrete
Wooden
Steel
Underground
55
What was the main goal of Franklin D. Roosevelt's Good Neighbor Policy?
To support colonial powers in the Americas
To improve relations with Latin American countries
To enforce the Monroe Doctrine with force
To increase US military presence in the region
56
What was Escuadrón 201?
Brazilian ground unit
Mexican spy network
Canadian naval unit
Mexican fighter squadron in the Pacific
57
Who led the scientific team at Los Alamos?
Robert Oppenheimer
Leo Szilard
Niels Bohr
Albert Einstein
58
Which policy allowed the US to withdraw Marines from Haiti and Nicaragua?
Roosevelt Corollary
Platt Amendment
Good Neighbor Policy
Monroe Doctrine
59
How did Mexico demonstrate hemispheric solidarity after Pearl Harbor?
Allowed US ships in ports
Signed neutrality pact
Declared war on UK
Blocked all immigration
60
Which four American countries sent troops in WWII?
USA, Argentina, Canada, Chile
USA, Canada, Mexico, Brazil
Canada, Mexico, Colombia, Peru
Mexico, Brazil, Cuba, Chile
61
What did the USA hope to prevent by dropping the bomb?
Civil unrest
Economic collapse
Soviet alliance
A costly land invasion
62
What was the purpose of the Office of the Coordinator of Inter-American Affairs?
Prepare for military invasion
Promote hemispheric solidarity and counter Axis influence
Create a unified Latin American government
Develop Latin American nuclear programs
63
Which minority group worked extensively in California shipyards?
Irish Americans
Chinese Americans
Mexican Americans
Puerto Ricans
64
What country did Canada liberate in early 1945?
Netherlands
Belgium
Poland
Denmark
65
Who was denied security clearance due to pacifist views?
Leo Szilard
Robert Oppenheimer
Truman
Albert Einstein
66
How many American casualties were expected in an invasion of Japan?
A few hundred
1 million
Hundreds of thousands
5,000
67
What was NOT an alternative to using the bomb?
Let USSR invade first
Full-scale land invasion
Lift unconditional surrender demand
Demonstration bomb drop
68
How many Crown Corporations did Canada control post-war?
8
100
28
0
69
What was the loyalty questionnaire?
A psychological profile
A test for Nisei to enlist
A citizenship exam
A test for spies
70
Why did Native Americans participate heavily in WWII?
Fear of internment
Desire for land
Cultural warrior tradition
Citizenship incentive
71
How did Avila Camacho use the war domestically?
To isolate Mexico
To dismantle government
To declare monarchy
To promote unity and industrialization
72
What was the Battle of the Gulf of the Atlantic?
Allied bombing of Tokyo
Mexican naval patrols
German U-boat threat in St. Lawrence
Canadian defense of Cuba
73
Which US internment camp housed many Japanese Peruvians?
Manzanar
Topaz
Tule Lake
Crystal City
74
What did Mexico hope for post-war?
Improved relations with the USA
Territory from Axis
French colonial lands
A new empire
75
Which Canadian province was the primary site of internment?
Manitoba
Ontario
Quebec
British Columbia
76
How did Canada fund Japanese Canadian internment?
By selling confiscated property
With federal taxes
Private donations
War bonds
77
What was one goal of the Buenos Aires Conference of 1936?
Establish new tariffs on US goods
Create a regional military alliance
Reinforce non-use of force for protecting property abroad
Promote European investment in Latin America
78
What contradiction did working women face during WWII?
Encouraged to work but socially criticized
Refused childcare
Paid more than men
Denied citizenship
79
Who led Canada’s Department of Munitions and Supply?
Mackenzie King
C.D. Howe
John Diefenbaker
Lester Pearson
80
Which country contributed the most Japanese Latin American internees?
Peru
Brazil
Colombia
Mexico
81
Which 1930s Canadian PM improved trade with the US after the Smoot-Hawley Tariff?
Robert Borden
John Diefenbaker
William Lyon Mackenzie King
Arthur Meighen
82
What executive order authorized the internment of Japanese Americans?
Executive Order 9066
Executive Order 9102
Executive Order 8802
Executive Order 9200
83
What did Canada freeze to stabilize its economy?
Imports and exports
Gold and silver
Wages and prices
Taxes and rents
84
What concept emerged due to Canada's WWII role?
Middle power
Global Empire
Isolationist policy
Superpower
85
Which African American military unit gained fame for their aerial missions?
Buffalo Soldiers
Red Tails
Harlem Flyers
Tuskegee Airmen
86
What role did Lester B. Pearson play during the war?
General in Italy
Minister of War
Canadian diplomat in London and Washington
Prime Minister of Britain
87
Which country benefited most from US tariff revisions under the Reciprocal Trade Agreements Act?
Argentina
Brazil
Canada
Mexico
88
What economic consequence did the Good Neighbor policy have on Latin American countries?
They became economically dependent on the US
They gained full economic independence
They rejected US trade offers
They allied with European powers
89
How did Mexico’s government encourage foreign investment during WWII?
Invited only British companies
Allowed it from 1944 due to capital shortage
Nationalized foreign assets
Banned it entirely
90
When did Emperor Hirohito announce surrender?
September 2, 1945
July 16, 1945
August 15, 1945
August 6, 1945
91
What was the result of the Dieppe Raid for Canada?
Heavy casualties and failure
Major victory
Success and low losses
No Canadian involvement
92
What diplomatic body was formed under the Ogdensburg Agreement?
UN Peace Council
Permanent Joint Board on Defense
Commonwealth League
Inter-American Assembly
93
How much did Canada provide in assistance to the UK?
$300 million
$3 billion
$1 billion
$500 million
94
How many Canadians died in WWII?
20,000
42,042
5,000
60,000
95
What role did the CTM play in WWII Mexico?
Opposed capitalism
Supported industrialization and emigration
Ran military recruitment
Led anti-war protests
96
What law provided benefits to WWII veterans, including tuition and housing?
Fair Housing Act
New Deal
Civil Rights Act
GI Bill
97
Which site became known for melting sand into trinitrite?
Trinity
Los Alamos
Oak Ridge
Hanford
98
What percent of Hiroshima's buildings were destroyed?
25%
90%
69%
10%
99
What was the outcome of the 1988 US redress program?
$20,000 compensation and apology
$1,000 savings bonds
Public holidays declared
Land return
100
How many Americans were involved in building the bomb?
12,000
300,000
120,000
1 million
101
What role did Canada play in liberating Europe?
Defeated Mussolini
Guarded Soviet borders
Liberated the Netherlands and entered Germany
Captured Berlin
102
What major Canadian battle occurred in Hong Kong?
Fighting German U-boats
Bombing Tokyo
Defending against Japanese invasion
Liberating Italian cities
103
What was the Bracero Program?
War bond initiative
American farm relocation project
Temporary labor import program for Mexican workers
Navy recruitment scheme
104
How many Japanese Americans were ultimately interned?
250,000
33,000
60,000
117,000
105
What element was used in the first successful detonation?
Carbon
Plutonium
Graphite
Uranium
106
Where were Japanese Americans first sent before relocation?
Assembly centers
Jails
Train stations
Courthouses
107
Which was the final and bloodiest battle in the Pacific before the bombs?
Okinawa
Guadalcanal
Iwo Jima
Midway
108
What did the 1935 US Neutrality Act prohibit?
Trade with European colonies
Travel to Latin America
Importation of raw materials
Sale of arms to warring nations
109
How many Mexican Braceros worked in the USA during the war?
300,000
500,000
30,000
1 million
110
Which Mexican industry feared labor shortages from the Bracero Program?
Agriculture
Education
Industrial sector
Tourism
111
What agreement did Roosevelt and King create in 1940?
Quebec Pact
Atlantic Charter
Ogdensburg Agreement
Pan-American Accord
112
What was the purpose of the Szilard Petition?
Offer nuclear arms to the Soviets
Encourage land invasion
Urge Truman not to use the bomb
Create NATO
113
How many women joined the workforce during WWII?
10 million
2 million
900,000
6 million
114
How many Canadians served in WWII?
1 million
2 million
500,000
750,000
115
Which internment camp housed many Japanese Latin Americans?
Crystal City, Texas
Heart Mountain
Poston
Manzanar
116
How many Canadians were employed in war industries?
Over 1 million
10,000
300,000
2.5 million
117
Which Latin American country’s ports were used to patrol the Atlantic during WWII?
Brazil
Argentina
Cuba
Chile
118
Which metals were crucial to US factories from Mexico?
Gold, uranium, cobalt
Nickel, titanium, iron
Silver, tin, platinum
Zinc, copper, lead
119
When were Japanese Canadians allowed to return to Vancouver?
1955
1942
1945
1949
120
What did the 1942 executive order also request of Italians and Germans?
Immediate conscription
Public loyalty oath
Voluntary relocation
Denaturalization
121
Why were Japanese in Hawaii not widely interned?
Already loyal
Wartime marriage policies
Economic necessity
No racial prejudice
122
Where did the first successful nuclear chain reaction take place?
University of Chicago
Columbia University
Los Alamos
Oak Ridge
123
What hindered Canada's early diplomatic outreach?
Civil war
Lack of qualified diplomats
Language barriers
Pro-British laws
124
What was the main justification given by DeWitt for Japanese internment?
Health reasons
Economic protection
Political ideology
Military necessity
125
What battle saw Canada escort over 25,000 merchant ships?
Battle of Britain
Battle of the Gulf
Battle of the Atlantic
Battle of the Scheldt
126
How many German Americans were interned?
33,000
250
2,300
11,000
127
What caused the 1943 Detroit race riot?
Protests over voting rights
Overcrowded, segregated neighborhoods and racial tension
Military coup attempt
German bombings
128
What was the purpose of Selective Service registration in 1940?
To register immigrants
To identify saboteurs
To prepare for peacetime conscription
To support civil defense
129
What change occurred for Japan’s population in Baja California?
Given U.S. citizenship
Sent to labor camps
Relocated to interior cities
Deported to Japan
130
Which women's military branch was part of the US Navy?
WAC
WAAC
WAVES
SPARS
131
What was the purpose of back-to-school drives in 1944?
To lower crime
To counter youth workforce dropout
To end child labor
To increase graduation ceremonies
132
Why did the US create the Export-Import Bank in the 1930s?
To fund military expansion
To stop European investments
To bail out American banks
To facilitate commercial loans for Latin American imports
133
What issue caused many women to work 'swing shifts'?
Factory closures
Military drills
Childcare shortages
Discrimination laws
134
Which US act allowed the sale of arms to countries if they paid cash and transported them?
Revenue Act
Cash and Carry
Neutrality Act
Lend-Lease Act
135
What was Canada's military status by the end of WWII?
Minimal global presence
Only involved in Asia
3rd-largest air force, 4th-largest navy
Largest military in Europe
136
What did the Red Cross do during WWII that showed racial inequality?
Excluded women
Only served officers
Separated blood donations by race
Ran segregated hospitals
137
What industry boomed in Mexico during WWII?
Banking
Mining and manufacturing
Shipbuilding
Oil refining
138
How many Japanese Latin Americans were deported to the US?
6,000
1,800
500
900
139
Why did Germany's trade with Brazil not surpass that of the US by 1938?
Germany paid in non-convertible currency
Brazil refused to trade with Germany
The US banned German imports
Germany offered lower prices
140
What was the policy of Canadianization?
Canadians fighting in independent units
French-Canadian only divisions
Refusal to join British efforts
Training in the USA
141
What was a major cultural tool of the Good Neighbor Policy?
Military parades in Latin capitals
Colonial exhibitions
Censorship of Latin American media
Hollywood movies promoting Latin American culture
142
What was Canada’s first independent act of war?
Declaring war on Germany in 1939
Sending troops to Korea
Participating in WWI
Joining NATO
143
What was the main role of Navajo Code Talkers?
Recruiting Native soldiers
Breaking Axis codes
Piloting bombers
Communicating secure military messages
144
What was the significance of the Montevideo Convention of 1933?
It established a regional military alliance
It allowed US business expansion into Latin America
It created the Export-Import Bank
It affirmed non-intervention in sovereign states
145
Why were Japanese Latin Americans interned in the US?
They volunteered for deportation
They committed espionage
They fought in Axis armies
Used in prisoner exchanges
146
What was Canada’s diplomatic role between the US and UK?
Isolationist opponent
Military protector
Financial lender
Middle power intermediary
147
What role did Canada play in the British Commonwealth Air Training Plan?
Formed the League of Nations
Provided training sites for pilots
Developed radar systems
Built fighter jets
148
What percentage of healthy Native American men aged 21–44 registered for the draft?
70%
50%
99%
85%
149
What year did Mexico declare war on the Axis?
1944
1941
1942
1943
150
What was the Manhattan Project?
Naval blockade plan
US program to develop atomic weapons
Spy mission in Germany
Soviet treaty
151
What was the codename for the Nagasaki bomb?
The Gadget
Fat Man
Hirohito
Little Boy
152
What was the War Measures Act?
Created NAFTA
Established Crown Corporations
Allowed free trade with Britain
Gave Canada wartime emergency powers
153
When did Canada implement overseas conscription?
1939
1945
1944
1942
154
What percentage of Japanese Americans interned were US citizens?
One-third
Two-thirds
One-quarter
One-half
155
What was a downside of WWII for Mexico?
Loss of silver exports
Inflation and corruption
US invasion
Complete isolation
156
How did Brazil treat its Japanese population during the war?
Encouraged protests
Granted full citizenship
Promoted culturally
Restricted movement and shut schools
157
What was the fate of most Japanese Latin Americans after internment?
Promoted in military
Given US citizenship
Considered illegal aliens and deported
Welcomed back
158
Why did some US citizens support defending Latin America more than the UK?
Pro-German sentiment
Loyalty to British monarchy
Good Neighbor Policy propaganda
Dislike of European food
159
Which city was described as a 'good radar target'?
Kyoto
Nagasaki
Hiroshima
Tokyo
160
Which country initially resisted Japanese internment for economic reasons?
California
Alberta
New Mexico
Hawaii
161
What was the codename for the Hiroshima bomb?
Trinity
Fat Man
The Gadget
Little Boy
162
What was Canada's response to Roosevelt's 1938 speech in Kingston?
Declared independence
Opposed US expansion
Reassured by US support
Joined the Axis
163
What was the nickname for the atomic bomb test at Trinity?
The Capsule
Little Boy
Fat Man
The Gadget
164
Why was the Battle of the Scheldt significant?
Stopped German invasion
Defended Normandy
Began Canadian retreat
Opened port of Antwerp
165
What principle did the Atlantic Charter promote?
Pro-Axis trade agreements
Opposition to military aggression and territorial expansion
Latin American neutrality
Support for European fascism
166
Which group suffered racial violence even in military service?
Chinese Americans
Italians
Irish Americans
African Americans
167
What was Canada's major economic contribution during WWII?
Military equipment production
Nuclear research
Space technology
Gold reserves
168
What was the Lanham Act known for?
Establishing rationing laws
Banning strikes
Granting women equal pay
Providing childcare and infrastructure for war workers
169
Which civil rights group grew dramatically during WWII?
CORE
NAACP
Urban League
SNCC
170
What are Crown Corporations?
Private equity companies
Government-owned, private-style firms
Royal chartered banks
Military units
171
Where did Escuadrón 201 serve?
Philippines and Formosa
North Africa
Germany and France
Aleutian Islands
172
Where did Roosevelt and Avila Camacho meet in 1943?
Mexico City
Washington
Toronto
Monterrey
173
What initiative provided housing for Canadian war workers?
Wartime Housing Ltd
Housing for All Program
Victory Homes Act
Defense Housing Pact
174
What was Executive Order 8802 primarily aimed at?
Creating internment camps
Ending discrimination in defense industry jobs
Desegregating schools
Abolishing Jim Crow laws
175
How many conscientious objectors were given CPS assignments?
37,000
70,000
5,000
1,000
176
What was the main objective of the Lend-Lease Act?
Fund Latin American infrastructure
Ban Axis immigration
Support allies by providing war materials
Annex new territories
177
What prompted Roosevelt to avoid enforcing the Neutrality Act during Japan's invasion of China?
US alliance with Japan
Public support for Japan
Lack of a formal declaration of war
Congressional refusal
178
What event followed the bombings that led to Japan's surrender?
Tokyo firebombing
US ground invasion
Emperor Hirohito’s radio address
Kamikaze attacks
179
What unit were Nisei soldiers placed into?
1st Cavalry
99th Battalion
442nd Infantry
101st Airborne
180
What rationing began in Canada in 1942?
Water, wood, rice
Wheat, iron, paper
Milk, coal, flour
Sugar, meat, gas, rubber
