4.C - The first voyages of BOTH Spain and England to the Americas were motivated MOST by a

desire to find a new route to trade with Asia for luxury products.

4.D - Which transfer between hemispheres would have been MOST responsible for the demographic trend after 1500 C.E.?

Maize (corn), potatoes, & beans from Americas to Afro-Eurasia

4.C - In setting "transoceanic interconnections" in motion, Portugal's primary motivation before 1450 was

To get direct access to the lucrative Indian Ocean trade network

All of the following are true of the British E.I.C. and the Dutch V.O.C. between 1450-1750 EXCEPT:

The E.I.C. conquered the Mughals, but the V.O.C. lost Southeast Asian wars.

4.C - All of the following are true of Christopher Columbus' 4 voyages EXCEPT:

His mission to reach India succeeded so he established trading posts there.

4.E - Economically, what drove rivalries between the major states of Eurasia between 1450-1750?

Competition over trade routes & resource rich territories around the world.

4.H - Why did the world experience a "Golden Age of Piracy" in the Early Modern Era?

Mercantilism and global sea-based trade

4.D - Which is an accurate definition of the Columbian Exchange?

The transfer of new plants, animals, & diseases between hemispheres.

4.F - All of the following are true descriptions of INDENTURED SERVITUDE EXCEPT:

Was more common in Latin America

4.G - This map of the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade could BEST be used to demonstrate that

Brazil & the Caribbean were major African slave destinations

4.A - Why is the Renaissance seen as a "turning point" in world history?

It marked the intellectual, economic, and cultural advancement of Europe

4.E - How did Portugal's strategy of overseas expansion compare to Spain's (in general)?

Portugal set up a trading post empire, a network of coastal outposts/forts

4.M - The "casta system" was

a racially based social hierarchy.

4.I - Which of the following conclusions can BEST be supported by the artifact below:

By 1500, some African states maintained positive relations with Europeans

4.C - Why was Spain's sponsorship of Ferdinand Magellan's voyage in 1519 historically SIGNIFICANT?

It was the first circumnavigation of the entire world.

4.E - How were the colonies of Spain, France, and Portugal typically governed?

Indirectly through viceroys appointed by king

4.I -If you wanted to add arrows on the map to show "Triangular Trade", they'd show

European goods to Africa & Americas crops to Europe

4.F - This is the Spanish silver mine Potosi (modern Bolivia) in 1590; the workers are Native American. Which is true?

They were forced to labor for the Spanish through the mita

4.G - This image shows 6 years in the nearly 400 year Atlantic slave trade. What was NOT an effect of this trade?

Fossil fuel burning increased to power steam engines for labor.

4.K - All of the following are true, but what was a POLITICAL effect of the Reformation?

Kings & rulers used the protest to increase their power.

4.E - How did the European Empires MOST differ from earlier land-based empires?

They were built by maritime conquest of regions oceans away

4.M - Which is the correct order of classes in the casta system? (from top to bottom)

Peninsulare, Creole,Mestizo,Indio, Negro

4.K - The depiction of Our Lady of Guadalupe (1746) as a mestizo version of Mary MOSTLY reflects a syncretic blending of

Catholic Christianity and Native American culture

4.E - How did both the Qing Dynasty & Tokugawa Shogunate respond to European influence?

They restricted European missionaries & merchants.

4.H - What's the best definition of "Mercantilism"?

An economic system controlling merchants for the benefit of the state.

All of the following were examples of state-sponsored persecution of religious minorities from 1450-1750 EXCEPT:

Revolutions declaring state atheism and censorship of all religions

4.M - What is a TRUE social cause of Latin American 'Castas'?

European men married Native or African women, creating mixed families

4.J - All of the following are true of the effects of the slave trade IN Africa. Which was a SOCIAL consequence?

More men were taken as slaves causing imbalances in gender and families.

4.A - Johann Gutenberg's moveable-type printing press caused all of the following in Western Europe EXCEPT:

Strengthening the Pope and Catholic Church

All of these claims could be supported by this chart EXCEPT:

The Dutch Joint Stock Companies were more successful than England's.

4.K - Why did the vast majority of Latin America become Catholic after 1492?

Spanish & Portuguese missionaries were aided by imperial rule

4.D - Which of the following WAS NOT part of the Columbian Exchange?

Smallpox from the Americas widely infected Europeans

4.H - What was the ECONOMIC EFFECT of Europe's presence in Asia during this era?

Europe's "trading posts" prospered by using silver to trade for luxuries.

Context: What was the original purpose of Zheng He's voyages?

projecting state power and encouraging overseas foreign trade.

4.B - What was NOT a reason for European maritime exploration and empire building?

Europeans sought a refuge from the Black Death.

4.G - These states participated in the Trans-Saharan trade from 600-1450. How did their trade CHANGE in 1450-175

They captured slaves for Atlantic export in exchange for European goods.

4.D - What is the best explanation for the demographic trend you see in this chart?

Smallpox, measles, & malaria killed 90% of Mesoamerican peoples.

4.L - Which of the following was NOT an example of Native American resistance to European domination from c.1450-1750?

The Seven Years War (French and Indian War)

4.A - The BEST explanation for Europe's ability to make breakthroughs in navigation technologies would be that...

technologies from other civilizations were diffused & improved upon.

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Unit 4 - Transoceanic Inter. (WHAP) 2023

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An #APWH Modern review for Unit 4 #TransoceanicInterconnections #1450-1750 for #AP World History students

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Questions 50

Answers

1
4.C - The first voyages of BOTH Spain and England to the Americas were motivated MOST by a
need to find new fishing grounds to feed growing populations.
competitive urge to establish settler colonies.
missionary impulse to spread either Catholic or Protestant Christianity.
desire to find a new route to trade with Asia for luxury products.
2
4.D - Which transfer between hemispheres would have been MOST responsible for the demographic trend after 1500 C.E.?
Maize (corn), potatoes, & beans from Americas to Afro-Eurasia
Chilies, cacao, & tobacco from Americas to Afro-Eurasia
Sugar, bananas, & coffee from Afro-Eurasia to Americas
Horses, cattle, & pigs from Afro-Eurasia to Americas
3
4.C - In setting "transoceanic interconnections" in motion, Portugal's primary motivation before 1450 was
To establish new bases on the land-based silk routes
To get direct access to the lucrative Indian Ocean trade network
To find a mythical African Christian King named Prestor John
To get African slaves to work on Brazilian sugar plantations
4
All of the following are true of the British E.I.C. and the Dutch V.O.C. between 1450-1750 EXCEPT:
Both companies were a mixture of state & private investments.
The E.I.C. focused on cotton trade while the V.O.C. focused on spice trade.
V.O.C. "fluyts" carried more cargo making them more profitable than E.I.C.
The E.I.C. conquered the Mughals, but the V.O.C. lost Southeast Asian wars.
5
4.C - All of the following are true of Christopher Columbus' 4 voyages EXCEPT:
His Spanish state-sponsored voyage created the 2nd maritime empire.
His ships were a new design known as a "caravel".
His voyages made Europeans interested in exploring beyond Afro-Eurasia.
His mission to reach India succeeded so he established trading posts there.
6
4.E - Economically, what drove rivalries between the major states of Eurasia between 1450-1750?
Competition over trade routes & resource rich territories around the world.
The challenge to authority by local elites.
Disputes about the legitimacy of dynastic rule.
Conflict both within Christianity & between Christians with other faiths.
7
4.H - Why did the world experience a "Golden Age of Piracy" in the Early Modern Era?
Naval power of empires declined as rivalries were weakened
Mercantilism and global sea-based trade
Increasing volumes of trade crossed the Silk Roads and Trans-Saharan routes
Increasing tensions between Catholics nad Protestants
8
4.D - Which is an accurate definition of the Columbian Exchange?
The tribute relations that existed between Indian Ocean trading nations.
The transfer of new plants, animals, & diseases between hemispheres.
The deal made between Portugal and Spain to divide world in half.
The agreement between Columbus & Spain to explore a route to India.
9
Below is a scene from the 30 Year's War after the Reformation. This war involved fights between
Sunni vs. Shia
Protestants vs. Catholics
Philosophes vs. Absolute Monarchs
Hindus vs. Sikhs
10
4.F - All of the following are true descriptions of INDENTURED SERVITUDE EXCEPT:
Most were poor Europeans
Was more common in Latin America
Often led to revolts, so was gradually replaced by slavery
Involved exploitative contracts of service
11
4.G - This map of the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade could BEST be used to demonstrate that
The Ottoman Empire never used African slaves
Brazil & the Caribbean were major African slave destinations
Europeans were invading Africa to capture slaves
East Africa was the main source for slaves to the Americas
12
4.A - Why is the Renaissance seen as a "turning point" in world history?
It introduced radically new artisic methods for inspiration
It led to the isolation of European states from global markets
It marked the intellectual, economic, and cultural advancement of Europe
It began the decentralization of the "Dark Ages"
13
4.B-Which empire by c.1450 controlled European links to the Silk Roads, compelling them to seek alternate sea routes?
The Russians
the Ottomans
the Mughals
the Safavids
The Mongols
the Manchu Qing
14
Portuguese trading posts here were exporting mostly SLAVES for European manufactured goods (mostly guns, tools, weapons)
Location E
Location D
Location B
Location C
Location F
Location A
15
4.E - How did Portugal's strategy of overseas expansion compare to Spain's (in general)?
Spain sent fewer missionaries, refusing to cooperate with Jesuits
Spain preferred to live alongside native peoples and assimilate
Portugal encouraged mass migrations from Europe to set up colonies
Portugal set up a trading post empire, a network of coastal outposts/forts
16
4.M - The "casta system" was
a type of imperial bureaucracy.
an economic system.
a racially based social hierarchy.
a Latin American card game.
17
4.I - Which of the following conclusions can BEST be supported by the artifact below:
Ivory was likely the most traded export from West Africa
By 1500, some African states maintained positive relations with Europeans
Europeans were not very interested in spreading their faith into new lands
Based on the context, the European merchants were likely English
18
4.C - Why was Spain's sponsorship of Ferdinand Magellan's voyage in 1519 historically SIGNIFICANT?
It was the first exchange of plants and animals between hemispheres.
It was the first time a European state sponsored a transoceanic voyage.
It was the first circumnavigation of the entire world.
It was the first time Europeans reached the Western Hemisphere.
19
4.E - How were the colonies of Spain, France, and Portugal typically governed?
Through Native American councils
Indirectly through viceroys appointed by king
Through colonial elected assemblies
Directly by their absolute monarchs
20
By 1750, which region supplied the cash crops such as SUGAR and TOBACCO using coerced labor on plantations?
Location C
Location B
Location A
Location F
Location E
Location D
21
4.I -If you wanted to add arrows on the map to show "Triangular Trade", they'd show
African cash crops to Europe & Americas silver to Asia.
Americas goods to Africa & African slaves to Europe
European cash crops to Americas & African goods to Europe
European goods to Africa & Americas crops to Europe
22
4.F - This is the Spanish silver mine Potosi (modern Bolivia) in 1590; the workers are Native American. Which is true?
They were free but were taxed by the Spanish
They were completely and legally equal to the Spanish
They used this silver to freely trade for Spanish crops
They were forced to labor for the Spanish through the mita
23
4.L - Which of the following was NOT an example of African resistance to European domination from c.1450-1750?
Local African rulers (such as Ana Nzinga) organizing wars against Europeans
The Haitian Revolution
Runaways and Settlement of Maroon Societies
Slave revolts - such as the Stono Rebellion
24
4.G - This image shows 6 years in the nearly 400 year Atlantic slave trade. What was NOT an effect of this trade?
The coerced labor of slaves on plantations enriched imperial economies.
Fossil fuel burning increased to power steam engines for labor.
Diseases spread because of the deplorable condition of slave ships.
African crops like okra, yams, & rice were diffused to the Americas.
25
4.H - What unique economic innovation of the Netherlands and England blended private businesses and state power?
silver-backed currencies
colonies in the Americas
caravels using lateen sails
joint-stock companies
26
4.K - All of the following are true, but what was a POLITICAL effect of the Reformation?
New Christian churches emerged: Lutherans, Anglicans, etc.
Luther's emphasis on reading encouraged literacy.
Kings & rulers used the protest to increase their power.
Peasants admired Luther's message of Christian equality.
27
4.E - How did the European Empires MOST differ from earlier land-based empires?
They were the first to transmit diseases between regions.
They were the first to try to culturally convert people.
They were built by maritime conquest of regions oceans away
Merchants were involved for the first time in these empires.
28
4.M - Which is the correct order of classes in the casta system? (from top to bottom)
Indio, Creole, Peninsulare, Negro, Mestizo
Peninsulare, Creole,Mestizo,Indio, Negro
Peninsulare, Mesitzo,Creole, Negro, Indio
Creole, Mestizo, Peninsulare, Negro, Indio
29
4.K - The depiction of Our Lady of Guadalupe (1746) as a mestizo version of Mary MOSTLY reflects a syncretic blending of
Protestant and Catholic Christianity
Christianity and Islam
Native American and African shamanism
Catholic Christianity and Native American culture
30
4.E - How did both the Qing Dynasty & Tokugawa Shogunate respond to European influence?
They encouraged the spread of Christianity in their territories.
They cut off all contact with the outside world.
They restricted European missionaries & merchants.
They allowed European merchants free trading privileges.
31
4.H - What's the best definition of "Mercantilism"?
An economic system of simple barter in basic commodities between merchants.
An economic system controlling merchants for the benefit of the state.
An economic system that equally distributed the profits of merchant trade.
An economic system where governments promote free trade between merchants.
32
By 1750, the Dutch exported SPICES and the Spanish traded SILVER with the Chinese from THIS location
Location A
Location B
Location F
Location C
Location E
Location D
33
4.F - This coerced labor system, that relied on Spanish settlers demanding natives to "develop land" was called the...
chattel slavery
indentured servitude
mit'a
encomienda
34
All of the following were examples of state-sponsored persecution of religious minorities from 1450-1750 EXCEPT:
Revolutions declaring state atheism and censorship of all religions
Church of England closing Pilgrim and Puritan churches
French expelling Huguenots (Protestants) to Canada
The Spanish Inquistition
35
4.M - What is a TRUE social cause of Latin American 'Castas'?
The Spanish crown wanted to give equal rights to Natives and Africans.
European men married Native or African women, creating mixed families
Whole families fled religious violence in Europe to create settler colonies
Women increasingly asserting their desire for suffrage.
36
The Voodoo religion of Haiti (in the Caribbean) would have been a blend of all of these cultures EXCEPT
East Asian Buddhism
Native American Animism
African Yoruba Shamanism
Spanish Catholicism
37
4.J - All of the following are true of the effects of the slave trade IN Africa. Which was a SOCIAL consequence?
Some states increased in power because they profited from the trade.
The population of Africa stagnated even as Eurasia's rapidly grew.
Missionaries brought Christianity into Western and Central Africa.
More men were taken as slaves causing imbalances in gender and families.
38
4.A - Johann Gutenberg's moveable-type printing press caused all of the following in Western Europe EXCEPT:
Increasing literacy rates by decreasing prices of printed materials
Strengthening the Pope and Catholic Church
Promoting the Protestant Reformation
Allowing for the diffusion of humanist and secular ideas
39
All of these claims could be supported by this chart EXCEPT:
The VOC was successful in transporting Asian luxuries to Europe.
The Dutch Joint Stock Companies were more successful than England's.
The Netherlands formed "Joint Stock Companies" to trade.
The VOC traded more within Asia than between Asia and Europe.
40
4.K - Why did the vast majority of Latin America become Catholic after 1492?
Merchant traders encouraged it to ease trade
Martin Luther made a trip there to convert people
Chinese explorer Zheng He had spread it on his voyages there
Spanish & Portuguese missionaries were aided by imperial rule
41
Which region exported COTTON TEXTILES and SPICES (after Da Gama, directly to Europeans) c. 1450-1750 C.E.?
Location A
Location F
Location C
Location E
Location D
Location B
42
4.D - Which of the following WAS NOT part of the Columbian Exchange?
Food of the Americas was transported and grown in Eurasia
African religious and food culture came to the Americas
Eurasian animals were transported and raised in Americas
Smallpox from the Americas widely infected Europeans
43
4.H - What was the ECONOMIC EFFECT of Europe's presence in Asia during this era?
Europe completely dominated all Asian markets
Europe's "trading posts" prospered by using silver to trade for luxuries.
Europe dominated Japan's markets, but was shutout of China
Europe's manufactured goods became highly in demand by Asian consumers
44
Context: What was the original purpose of Zheng He's voyages?
projecting state power and encouraging overseas foreign trade.
shutting themselves off from the rest of the world.
seeking to expand trade over the Silk Road
looking to create empires in the Americas.
45
4.B - What was NOT a reason for European maritime exploration and empire building?
European monarchs competed with rivals to gain status & wealth.
Europeans sought a refuge from the Black Death.
Europe wanted to diffuse Christianity to new territories & peoples.
Europe wanted more luxury products like spices, silk, porcelain, etc.
46
4.A - Which of the following Renaissance innovations did NOT facilitate the "rise of the West" in World History?
The steam engine
Use of lenses in telescopes and microscopes
The Moveable-Type Printing Press
New ship designs, such as the caravel
47
4.G - These states participated in the Trans-Saharan trade from 600-1450. How did their trade CHANGE in 1450-175
They reduced their reliance on trade in favor of domestic production.
They traded salt and gold north and east into the Mediterranean system.
They captured slaves for Atlantic export in exchange for European goods.
They used slaves for domestic household and agricultural tasks.
48
4.D - What is the best explanation for the demographic trend you see in this chart?
Smallpox, measles, & malaria killed 90% of Mesoamerican peoples.
Mesoamerican chinampas were replaced with European field agriculture.
There were a large number of migrants from Iberia to Mesoamerica.
European guns & cannons killed many Mesoamericans.
49
4.L - Which of the following was NOT an example of Native American resistance to European domination from c.1450-1750?
The Seven Years War (French and Indian War)
The Inca Revolt under Tupac Amaru II
The Pueblo Revolt in northern New Spain
Metacom's War against the 13 Colonies
50
4.A - The BEST explanation for Europe's ability to make breakthroughs in navigation technologies would be that...
Marco Polo's book had everything Europeans needed to travel Silk Roads.
technologies from other civilizations were diffused & improved upon.
they came to them as a result of the Columbian Exchange.
all navigation technologies were invented independently in Europe.

Unit 4 - Transoceanic Inter. (WHAP) 2023 Flashcards | StudBud