How does high genetic diversity affect a population?

it allows the population to adapt to environment changes

What do fossils provide evidence for?

visual record of how organisms have changed over time

Why is genetic diversity important for the survival of a population?

enhances chances of adaptation to changing environment

Which is an example of genetic drift?

plants leave the main group & pink flowers are common due to random events

What are analogous structures?

structures with similar functions but different evolutionary origins

Which is an example of a human interaction that can create selective pressure on a species?

poaching or habitat destruction

change in allele frequency of species over time

How is a phylogenetic tree useful in understanding evolution?

shows evolutionary relationships/common ancestors among different species

Which best describes the role of a keystone species in an ecosystem?

maintains balance of ecosystem by controlling populations of other species

What is molecular biology?

studies how molecules interact w/ each other to perform life functions

How does genetic recombination occur?

Through mating, which allows new combinations of genes in offspring

What are vestigial structures?

structures that lost original function but were functional in ancestors

What does the similarity of vertebrate embryos suggest in evolutionary biology?

common ancestry among vertebrates

What does it mean if an organism has a heterozygous genotype?

it has 2 different alleles for a trait

Which scenario is an example of genetic drift?

A natural disaster causing the loss of some genes from a population

What is an adaptation?

body part or behavior that helps an organism survive

What is selective pressure?

aspect of environment that causes natural selection

What is genetic drift?

The random change in allele frequencies, often due to chance events

What does a phylogenetic tree represent?

evolutionary descent of different organisms

Which illustrates the bottleneck effect?

earthquake reduces population of species, leaving only a few survivors

Where does each chromosome in a pair come from?

1 comes from the mother and 1 comes from the father

Which of the following is an example of analogous structures?

wing of bat and wing of butterfly

In a karyotype, chromosomes are arranged based on which of the following criteria?

size (length), position of centromere, banding pattern

What is a keystone species?

A species with large effect on natural environment relative to abundance

What is genetic drift?

change in genes of population by random chance

What are homologous structures?

structures that have same structure but different functions

Which could cause a population bottleneck?

environmental aspects (disease, famine, earthquakes)

What might happen if a keystone species is removed from its ecosystem?

can lead to significant changes and potential collapse of ecosystem

What is gene flow (or migration)?

transfer of genes from 1 population to another

Which of the following is an example of a physical adaptation?

plant having thorns to deter animals

all of the genes in a population

What is sexual selection?

competition between males or selection of attractive traits by females

What is the founder effect?

loss of genetic variation when small group establishes new population

segments of DNA that code for specific traits

What are chromosomes composed of?

tightly coiled DNA and proteins

What is a locus in genetics?

location on chromosome where gene is located

What is the result of variable adaptations within a population?

a "winner" that is most fit for the environment will survive and reproduce

Which of the following best describes a population with low genetic diversity?

similar traits and lower ability to adapt

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Unit 1 - Evolution in Africa Review

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Questions 62

Answers

1
How does high genetic diversity affect a population?
it decreases ability of population to adapt to environment changes
it allows the population to adapt to environment changes
it leads to similar traits within the population
it causes a decrease in the number of genes in the population
2
What do fossils provide evidence for?
visual record of how organisms have changed over time
migration patterns of extinct species
dietary habits of ancient organisms
geographic distribution of species
3
Which of the following is an example of a trait coded by a gene?
eye color
digestion speed
heartbeat rhythm
blood type
4
What are groups of atoms called?
Molecules
Cells
Organelles
Tissues
5
Why is genetic diversity important for the survival of a population?
leads to extinction of weaker individuals
reduces need for adaptation
results in fewer genetic mutations
enhances chances of adaptation to changing environment
6
What does the banding pattern on a chromosome represent?
number of chromosomes
location of genes
nucleotide bases of DNA strand
protein content
7
Which is an example of genetic drift?
population of birds evolves longer beaks to access food
plants leave the main group & pink flowers are common due to random events
fish species changes color to blend in with environment
population of insects develop resistance to pesticide
8
What are analogous structures?
structures with similar functions but different evolutionary origins
structures that evolved from common ancestor
structures that serve no purpose in modern organisms
structures with same structure but different functions
9
Which is an example of a human interaction that can create selective pressure on a species?
seasonal migration
predation by other animals
natural disasters
poaching or habitat destruction
10
What is evolution?
extinction of species due to environmental changes
change in allele frequency of species over time
sudden change in physical appearance of individual organism
creation of new species from existing species
11
How is a phylogenetic tree useful in understanding evolution?
shows timeline of species extinction
categorizes organisms based on their physical appearance
shows evolutionary relationships/common ancestors among different species
illustrates genetic similarities between individuals in population
12
Which best describes the role of a keystone species in an ecosystem?
maintains balance of ecosystem by controlling populations of other species
consumer that feeds on other primary consumers
species that migrates to different ecosystems frequently
primary producer that forms the base of the food web
13
What is molecular biology?
studies animal's food
studies an animal's behavior
studies organism's habitats
studies how molecules interact w/ each other to perform life functions
14
What do living populations compete for?
social status
reproduction
adaptations
habitat, food, other sources
15
How does genetic recombination occur?
Through mutations in the DNA sequence
Through mating, which allows new combinations of genes in offspring
Through the transfer of genes between populations
Through random changes in allele frequencies
16
Which of the following is an example of a behavioral adaptation?
rabbit having large ears to detect predators
cactus storing water in its thick stem
birds fly south for winter
fish having gills to breathe underwater
17
What are vestigial structures?
structures essential for survival
structures that are only found in extinct species
structures that lost original function but were functional in ancestors
structures that have new function in modern organisms
18
What does the similarity of vertebrate embryos suggest in evolutionary biology?
unrelated development processes
common ancestry among vertebrates
independent evolution of vertebrates
different evolutionary origins
19
What does it mean if an organism has a heterozygous genotype?
it has only 1 allele for that trait
it has 2 identical alleles for a trait
it has 2 different alleles for a trait
it has no alleles for that trait
20
Which scenario is an example of genetic drift?
A new gene being introduced into the population by a mutation
Offspring receiving a mix of genes from both parents
A natural disaster causing the loss of some genes from a population
Lions moving to a new area and interbreeding with a different population
21
What is an adaptation?
change in ecosystem
type of food that animals eat
group of organisms living together
body part or behavior that helps an organism survive
22
What is selective pressure?
random change in organism's genetic code
factor that ensures all organisms survive
aspect of environment that causes natural selection
process by which organisms choose their habitats
23
What is genetic drift?
The random change in allele frequencies, often due to chance events
The introduction of new genes from outside populations
The process of creating new gene combinations through mating
The transfer of genes between populations
24
What does a phylogenetic tree represent?
physical traits of different organisms
behavior of organisms in their natural habitat
evolutionary descent of different organisms
geographic distribution of species
25
Which illustrates the bottleneck effect?
species of fish evolves to adapt new predator in its environment
population of birds migrate to new island over many generations
forest fire increases reproductive success of tree species
earthquake reduces population of species, leaving only a few survivors
26
What type of adaptation involves a response or action due to an external stimulus?
behavioral
physical
structural
environmental
27
Where does each chromosome in a pair come from?
both come from the mother
1 comes from the mother and 1 comes from the father
they're randomly assigned
both come from the father
28
Which of the following is an example of analogous structures?
wing of bat and wing of butterfly
fin of fish and wing of bird
leg of dog and leg of cat
arm of human and leg of horse
29
In a karyotype, chromosomes are arranged based on which of the following criteria?
length of DNA sequence
number of genes they contain
size (length), position of centromere, banding pattern
age of organism
30
What is a keystone species?
A species that is rare and has little impact on its environment
A species with large effect on natural environment relative to abundance
A species that is the largest in its ecosystem
A species that dominates its habitat and outcompetes all other species
31
What is genetic drift?
selection of specific traits by humans
change in genes of population by random chance
migration of population to a new location
gradual change in environment that leads to natural selection
32
What are homologous structures?
structures that have same function but different structures
structures that have same structure but different functions
structures that are present only in extinct species
structures that are completely unrelated
33
Which could cause a population bottleneck?
gradual change in climate
population moving to new habitat
sudden abundance of food
environmental aspects (disease, famine, earthquakes)
34
What might happen if a keystone species is removed from its ecosystem?
ecosystem will become more stable and balanced
ecosystem will remain unchanged
can lead to significant changes and potential collapse of ecosystem
other species will quickly adapt to fill the role of the keystone species
35
What is gene flow (or migration)?
random change in allele frequencies
process of gene recombination through mating
loss of genes due to natural disaster
transfer of genes from 1 population to another
36
Which of the following is an example of a physical adaptation?
plant having thorns to deter animals
fish swimming in schools
lion hunting at night
bird flying south for winter
37
What is an example of an environmental pressure that can affect natural selection?
loss of water or food sources
changes in government policies
introduction of new technology
spread of disease by humans
38
What is a gene pool?
total number of genes in specific chromosome
set of chromosomes in an individual organism
combination of genes in a single organism
all of the genes in a population
39
Which of the following is an example of a vestigial structure?
wings of a bird
fins of a fish
trunk of an elephant
hind legs of a snake
40
Analogous structures are an example of which evolutionary process?
divergent evolution
parallel evolution
convergent evolution
co-evolution
41
How many chromosomes do humans have?
46 chromosomes (23 pairs)
48 chromosomes (24 pairs)
42 chromosomes (21 pairs)
38 chromosomes (19 pairs)
42
What is sexual selection?
competition between males or selection of attractive traits by females
random mutation of genes
process by which organisms adapt to their environment
survival of organisms with strongest immune systems
43
What is the founder effect?
increase in genetic diversity due to migration
loss of genetic variation when small group establishes new population
merging of 2 populations into 1
sudden increase in population size due to favorable environment
44
Which of the following is an example of a qualitative observation?
50 grams
200 pounds
10 leaves
the object smells bad
45
What are genes?
proteins that create physical characteristics
structures that store energy in cells
building blocks of chromosomes
segments of DNA that code for specific traits
46
What are chromosomes composed of?
DNA and fats
RNA and lipids
Carbs and proteins
tightly coiled DNA and proteins
47
What is a locus in genetics?
type of protein produced by a gene
specific gene in DNA sequence
segment of RNA that codes for a trait
location on chromosome where gene is located
48
Which of the following is an example of a homozygous genotype?
M/N
A/a
A/A
A/B
49
What is the result of variable adaptations within a population?
all organisms will survive
adaptations will disappear
a "winner" that is most fit for the environment will survive and reproduce
the weakest organisms will thrive
50
Which of the following best describes a population with low genetic diversity?
wide range of different genotypes
similar traits and lower ability to adapt
increased mutation rates
high adapatability to environmental changes
51
What term is used to describe the process where the most fit organism survives/passes on its traits to its offspring?
descent with modification
genetic drift
gene flow
mutation
52
How many chromosomes do lions have?
46 chromosomes (23 pairs)
38 chromosomes (19 pairs)
36 chromosomes (18 pairs)
42 chromosomes (21 pairs)
53
What effect does gene flow have on a population?
increases number of new genes and variation within population
decreases genetic variation within population
leads to genetic drift
decreases number of new genes
54
What is the smallest unit of an ELEMENT?
Tissue
Molecule
Atom
Cell
55
What type of observation is made by using your senses to describe something?
Instrumental
Analytical
Qualitative
Quantitative
56
What is a karyotype?
picture displaying chromosomes of 1 organism
method to count cells in organisms
section of DNA that codes for a trait
type of gene mutation
57
What is the ONLY source of new genes in a population?
genetic drift
genetic recombination
mutation
gene flow
58
Which of the following is an example of homologous structures?
beak of bird and beak of squid
wing of bat and arm of human
tail fin of shark and flipper of dolphin
wing of butterfly and wing of bird
59
If two populations have similar DNA sequences, what can be inferred about their relationship?
they're less related
they're not related at all
they're more related
they evolved independently
60
What is phylogenetics?
study of population growth and decline
study of evolutionary history and relationships within groups of organisms
study of genetic mutations
study of environmental adaptations
61
In sexual selection, why might a male display features that are not necessary for survival?
to blend in with the environment
to compete for food
to scare off predators
to attract mates and increase reproductive success
62
Which is an example of a keystone species?
species that competes with others for the same food source
common plant species that provides food for many animals
predator that controls the population of herbivores in its environment
species that is only present in a specific season

Unit 1 - Evolution in Africa Review Flashcards | StudBud