Apoptosis refers to cell death and

can be programmed and is essential to normal development.

What are the steps of cellular respiration in correct order?

Glycolysis, Link Reactions, Krebs, Oxidative Phosphorylation

Why are two children born to the same parents (not identical twins) unlikely to have the same genetic makeup?

All of the answer choices lead to genetic differences among siblings.

chromatids exchange segments of genetic material.

What is the equation of photosynthesis

Energy+carbon dioxide+water-->glucose and oxygen

Which of the following are functions of the plasma membrane? Select all that apply.

It separates the internal environment of the cell from the external environ, It regulates the entrance and exit of molecules to and from the cell.

Which sequence of classification categories is in the proper order from least to most inclusive?

species, genus, family, order, class, phylum, kingdom, domain

Each nucleotide of DNA contains what three parts?

5-carbon sugar, phosphate group, nitrogen base

The Cell Theory States:

all cells come from pre-existing cells.

Which of the following is a true statement about the genetic code?

All of the answer choices are true of the genetic code.

A prokaryotic cell lacks

both a nucleus and membrane bound organelles

The extinction of the dinosaurs has been associated with

a meteor impact at the end of the Cretaceous era

The cell theory states

All cells come from pre-existing cells

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Biology Final Review

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Questions 98

Answers

1
Chargaff's rules of DNA states that.....
A=G, T=C
A, T=G,C
A=C, T=G
A, G=T, C
2
Which refers to the loss of a complete chromosome?
monosomy
translocation
deletion
inversion
3
The process of photosynthesis occurs within this
Stomata
Chloroplast
Vacuole
Cytoplasm
4
Severe random population reduction reduces the gene pool and increases the rate of genetic drift.
Gene Pool
Gene Frequency
Bottleneck Effect
Founders Effect
5
An atom has 15 electrons. What is its atomic number?
15
1,000,000
0
30
6
Apoptosis refers to cell death and
can be programmed and is essential to normal development.
is merely the accumulation of genetic errors.
is always biologically detrimental to an organism.
is a failure in the translation or transcription mechanism.
7
Which type of natural selection occurs when an intermediate phenotype is favored?
disruptive selection
directional selection
adaptive radiation
stabilizing selection
8
Which structure regulates passage of molecules into and out of the bacterial cell?
chloroplast
nucleus
plasma membrane
flagella
9
What are the steps of cellular respiration in correct order?
Link Reactions, Oxidative Phosphorylation, Glycolysis, Krebs
Oxidative Phosphorylation, Link Reactions, Krebs, Glycolysis
Glycolysis, Link Reactions, Krebs, Oxidative Phosphorylation
Glycolysis, Krebs, Link Reactions, Oxidative Phosphorylation
10
DNA segments at the ends of chromosomes that shorten every time a cell divides are called
activated chromatin.
transposons.
mutagens.
telomeres.
11
Why are two children born to the same parents (not identical twins) unlikely to have the same genetic makeup?
Crossing-over recombines portions of sister chromatids.
Each sperm or egg has a random assortment of chromosomes,
All of the answer choices lead to genetic differences among siblings.
Chromosomes align themselves independently during meiosis I.
12
Which of the following contributes to evolution?
all of the above
gene flow
genetic drift, gene flow
mutations, natural selection
13
The DIPLOID NUMBER of chromosomes in HUMANS equals:
23
0
46
XY
14
What type of reproductive isolating mechanism keeps these toads separate species? one mates in summer other in fall
habitat isolation
mechanical isolation
behavioral isolation
temporal isolation
15
In the Watson-Crick model of DNA, the "sides" of the ladder are composed of
sugar-phosphate
none of the above
H Bonds
sugars
16
Where is a majority of the ATP produced within the cell?
chloroplast
cell membrane
lysosome
mitochondria
17
Where does glycolysis take place within the cell?
cytoplasm
nucleus
chloroplast
mitochondria
18
During crossing-over
chromosomes switch poles.
chromatin becomes chromosomes.
chromatids exchange segments of genetic material.
chromosomes become chromatin.
19
When researchers test a new human cancer drug using mice, the mice constitute the
model
data
control
hypothesis
20
Proteins, located on surface of red blood cells, responsible for blood types.
Platelets
Agglutination
Antibodies
Antigens
21
Cellular respiration involves the
synthesis of glucose.
intake of carbon dioxide.
release of energy.
release of O 2.
22
What is the equation of photosynthesis
Glucose+Oxygen-->water+carbon dioxide+energy
None of the Above
Water+glucose+carbon dioxide-->energy+oxegen
Energy+carbon dioxide+water-->glucose and oxygen
23
When a substance moves from an area of low to an area of high while using energy, the process is termed
Active transport
Diffusion
Pinocytosis
Osmosis
24
coiling into an alpha helix or forming a beta pleated sheet
secondary structure
primary structure
tertiary structure
Quaternary structure
25
Which of the following best describes the flow of information in cells?
RNA to Proteins to DNA
RNA to DNA to Proteins
Proteins to DNA to RNA
DNA to RNA to Proteins
26
Which of the following are functions of the plasma membrane? Select all that apply.
It separates the internal environment of the cell from the external environ
It serves as the site for photosynthesis in plant cells.
It regulates the entrance and exit of molecules to and from the cell.
It serves as a site for protein synthesis.
27
What is the final acceptor for electrons in cellular respiration?
oxygen
ATP
hydrogen
carbon dioxide
28
Which sequence of classification categories is in the proper order from least to most inclusive?
species, genus, family, order, class, phylum, kingdom, domain
domain, class, genus, family, species, order, phylum, kingdom
species, genus, family, class, order, phylum, kingdom, domain
genus, class, kingdom, domain, order, phylum, species, family
29
The genetic makeup of an individual is its
Allele
Gamete
Phenotype
Genotype
30
The removal of electrons and/or hydrogen atoms from a substrate is called what?
metabolism
oxidation
phosphorylation
reduction
31
WHAT IS THE PRIMARY FUNCTION OF CARBOHYDRATES?
TRANSPORT OF MOLECULES ACROSS MEMBRANES
STORE ENERGY
ACCELERATION OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS
TRANSMISSION OF GENETIC MATERIAL
32
Many fireflies have flash patterns unique to their species and use them to identify other members of their species. This
ecological isolation.
physiological isolation.
temporal isolation.
behavioral isolation.
33
How many bases are in a codon?
9
1
6
3
34
Each nucleotide of DNA contains what three parts?
5-carbon sugar, phosphate group, nitrogen base
Photosynthesis, Cellular Respiration, and Synthesis Process
Glycolysis, Krebs Cycle, and Electron Transport
35
The plasma membrane is composed primarily of what two biological molecules?
Sugar and Nucleic Acid
Lipids and Sugar
Lipids and Proteins
Sugar and proteins
36
The ___ is the total number of alleles of all the gene loci in all the members of a population.
gene pool
gene flow
community
genetic drift
37
The Cell Theory States:
energy can neither be created nor destroyed.
prokaryotic cells never contain membrane-bounded organelles.
cells can arise by spontaneous generation.
all cells come from pre-existing cells.
38
What are the products of photosynthesis?
O2
H2O
CO2
C6H12O6
39
Within eukaryotic cells, the _____ is surrounded by double membrane and carries coding that determines protein synthesis
chloroplast
rough ER
nucleolus
nucleus
40
which steps generates the majority of ATP
acetyl coA
electron transport chain
glycolysis
critic acid cycle
41
Which of the following is a true statement about the genetic code?
All of the answer choices are true of the genetic code.
The genetic code is composed triplet codes.
The genetic code contains start and stop codons.
Some amino acids are coded for by more than one codon.
42
A prokaryotic cell lacks
nucleus
cell membrane
membrane bound organelles
both a nucleus and membrane bound organelles
43
The extinction of the dinosaurs has been associated with
a meteor impact at the end of the Cretaceous era
dinosaurs preying upon each other until they became extinct
a virus leading to disease and massive loss of life
new chemicals and ions in the environment
44
In order for natural selection to act, there must be _________ within the population.
genetic variation
no limiting factors
acquired traits
different species
45
Which of the following refers to materials only leaving the cell?
exocytosis
phagocytosis
pinocytosis
endocytosis
46
In plants, chloroplasts are necessary for
storage
cell movement.
storage.
photosynthesis.
47
The nucleus of an atom contains:
protons and electrons
protons and neutrons
empty space
electrons and neutrons
48
The cell theory states
Cells use asexual reproduction
Cells die
All of the above
All cells come from pre-existing cells
49
Which is the correct association of mitochondrion structure and phase of cellular respiration?
matrix- ETC
matrix-citric acid cycle
cristae-glycolysis
cristae-preparatory reaction
50
Which genetic disorder is associated with an irregular shape of the red blood cells?
Marfan syndrome
Phenylketonuria (PKU)
Sickle cell disease
Huntington disease
51
When proteins undergo an irreversible change in shape called ________ they ________ perform their usual functions.
naturation/cannot
denaturation/cannot
dehydration reaction/cannot
denaturation/can
52
What are alternate forms of a gene for the same trait?
allele
genotype
phenotype
chromatid
53
The cell theory states
All living things are made of cells
Cell
Cells have organelles
Dead things aren't made of cells
54
An ionic bond forms when which event occurs?
Two atoms approach each other and share valence electrons
1 atom gains a p+, another gains an e-, both turn into ions.
1 atom transfers 1/more e- to 2nd atom, turning both to ions
1 ion transfers 1/more e- to 2nd ion, changing into atoms.
55
Which of the following is a prokaryotic cell?
none of the above
liver cell
plant cell
bacterium
56
An isotonic solution means that the solute concentration outside the cell
is greater inside the cell
has no effect ion the cell
is less inside the cell
is the same
57
An atom with a net electrical charge is?
electron
ion
proton
electron
58
Which of the following allows photosynthetic organisms to capture solar energy?
C) Chloroplast
D) Glucose
B) NAD+
A) Pigments
59
Carrier molecules are required for
Recognition Proteins
both osmosis AND diffusion.
Channel Proteins
both facilitated diffusion AND active transport.
60
Which organelle is most closely associated with the process of cellular respiration?
mitochondrion
nucleus
endoplasmic reticulum
chloroplast
61
Which two cell organelles is found only in plant cells?
DNA and Cell Wall
Cell Wall & Centrioles
Chloroplasts and Mitochondria
Cell Wall & Chloroplasts
62
Homologous structures such as bones in wings, flippers and arms are most closely concerned with
biogeography
the fossil record
comparative anatomy
comparative biochemistry
63
Lamarck's proposal of the inheritance of acquired characteristics included the idea that the..
giraffes neck grew due to classical conditioning
continual stretching of giraffe necks led to longer necks
classical conditioning
natural selection
64
2) A multicellular, photosynthetic organism with complex, specialized cells and tissues would most likely be assigned to
A) kingdom Animalia.
B) kingdom Fungi.
D) kingdom Protista.
E) kingdom Plantae.
65
What are the two main sets of reactions in photosynthesis?
light capturing and ETC
Krebs cycle and Calvin cycle
light-dependent and calvin cycle
light-independent and Krebs cycle
66
Which organelles are unique to plant cells?
chloroplasts
centrosomes
ribosomes
mitochondria
67
The most common autosomal abnormality seen among humans is
trisomy 21
XXY
hemophilia
monosomy
68
If 0.9% NaCl were isotonic to a cell, then
0.9% would also be hypertonic.
1.0% would be hypotonic.
0.9% would also be hypotonic.
1.0% would be hypertonic.
69
Which sequence correctly lists the different levels of biological organization, from the smallest and simplest to the la
tissues-cells-organs-organ systems-organism
cells-organs-tissues-organ systems-organism
cells-tissues-organ systems-organs-organism
cells-tissues-organs-organ systems-organism
70
What role does NAD⁺ play in cellular respiration?
It is an electron carrier.
it produces glucose
it makes citric acid
it makes ATP
71
An individual’s physical characteristics, or microscopic and metabolic characteristics, are known as their
phenotype
traits
genotype
pedigree
72
Archaeopteryx is classified as a
Living fossil
missing link
connecting link
Endangered species
73
When you add sugar to your coffee or tea, the sugar is the
solution
permeable
gradient.
solute.
74
Each enzyme has a particular substrate because enzymes
decrease the productivity of the cell
have active sites complementary in shape to their substrates
increase the energy of activation
always require coenzymes
75
What is an ecosystem?
A marsh
Abiological community of interacting organisms and their enviroment
A swamp
An animal
76
A child has type O blood and the father has type B blood, what blood type CANNOT be the mom's?
Type B
Type AB
Type A
Type O
77
What are the products of aerobic respiration?
Water and Nitrogen
Water and Carbon Dioxide
Lactic Acid
Ethanol and Carbon Dioxide
78
Which of the following produces an intermediate phenotype?
incomplete dominance
simple mendelian inheritance
polygenic inheritance
complete dominace
79
Which genotype represents a recessive trait?
Tt
Ty
TT
tt
80
An informed statement that can be tested in a manner suited to the processes of science is known as a
control
hypothesis
variable
theory
81
Which type of natural selection increases the frequency of one extreme phenotype?
disruptive
directional
diversifying
diversifying
82
The specificity of an enzyme to a substrate is currently best explained by
the "lock and key" model
the allosteric model
the synthase complex model
the induced-fit model
83
Which of the following molecules add stiffness and strength to the plasma membrane?
glycoproteins
cholesterol
phospholipids
enzymatic proteins
84
The location of a gene on a chromosome is called the
chromatid
locus
trait
allele
85
In a testcross, an organism with a dominant phenotype, but unknown genotype, is crossed with an organism that is
heterozygous
homozygous dominant.
homozygous recessive.
heterozygous dominant
86
What does the atomic mass number of an element tell us?
The number of protons & electrons in an atom of that element
The number of electrons in one atom of that element
The number of neutrons in one atom of that element
The number of neutrons & protons in one atom of that element
87
If a chromosomal segment is turned around 180°, the chromosomal mutation is termed a(n)
inveresion
translocation
deletion
monosomy
88
Anatomical features fully developed and functional in one group but reduced in a similar group
homologous.
analogous.
vestigial.
sympatric.
89
The lower on the pH scale the more _______ it is.
Acidic
Neutral
Basic
Acidicish
90
What is the structure of ATP?
Adenine base + Ribose + 3 Phosphate groups
2 Ribose + 5 Phosphorous atoms + 2 Oxygen atoms
Phosphorous and Carbon
Adenine and Guanine
91
If a cell is placed in a hypotonic solution, water will move _____.
in and out of the cell
toward gravity
into the cell
out of the cell
92
What is the hereditary material found in all cells?
tRNA
mRNA
DNA
rRNA
93
If the genotype of an organism is YySsTt, then yST would represent
a possible zygote
the genotype of the offspring
a possible phenotype of the offspring
a gamete of the parent
94
Which of the following bases is only found in RNA?
uracil
adenine
cytosine
thymine
95
When water enters a plant cell
the central vacuole shrinks.
it undergoes crenation.
it bursts.
When water enters a plant cell
96
The movement of alleles between populations is called
Mutation
Selection
Genetic Drift
Gene Flow
97
Which evidence for evolution uses impressions of plants & animals pressed into sedimentary rock
Fossil record
Biogeography
comparative anatomy
comparative embryology
98
When does apoptosis occur?
during development
during meiosis
during mitosis
during interphase

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