Enlightenment writers often faced censorship because they did what?

Challenged the clergy and absolute monarchs

What was the Industrial Revolution?

An increase in machine-made goods beginning in England during the 1700s

During the Industrial Revolution, life changed in what basic way?

People migrated from rural areas to cities

What influence did Oliver Cromwell have on England?

Leads the Roundheads in the English Civil War against the Cavaliers

What were Europeans main motives for making voyages of exploration?

To grow wealthy and spread Christianity

Karl Marx disliked capitalism because he believed that it

Created prosperity for a few and poverty for many

The economic crisis in France was caused by what?

Bad harvests, deficit spending, and costly wars

For what two reasons did the Industrial Revolution began in Britain?

Britain had natural resources and capital to invest

In her book The Vindication of the Rights of Women, Mary Wollstonecraft argued what?

Women should receive an equal education

What critical mistake did Christopher Columbus make when he left Spain in 1492?

He greatly underestimated the Earth’s size

To avoid war over Poland, the countries of Russia, Prussia, and Austria did what?

Decided to divide it among themselves

How does Peter the Great bring Russia out of its period of isolation?

Westernizes the country from European ideas

How were Sans-culottes different from Jacobins?

They were working class; Jacobins were middle class

What is one accomplishment Catherine the Great was able to complete as opposed to Peter the Great?

She was able to take the Black Sea and gain a warm water port

The purpose of the Council of Trent was to what?

Direct the reform of the Catholic Church

The Columbian Exchange refers to what?

Flow around the world of new plants, animals, ideas, and people

What is the definition of secular?

no religious or spiritual basis

How did workers respond to harsh conditions of industrial life?

They formed unions and mutual-aid societies

What document stated that “men are born and remain free and equal in rights”?

Declaration of the Rights of Man

To conquer the Aztec empire, Hernan Cortez did what?

Formed alliances with conquered peoples who hated the Aztecs

How did the Scientific Revolution lead to the Enlightenment?

It encouraged people to use reason to try to understand issues

What was significant of the English Bill of Rights?

It established limited power on monarchs

How did Italy’s location help make it the starting point of the Renaissance?

Mediterranean trade brought wealth there

Which of the following was a long-term result of the Industrial Revolution?

A general rise in the standard of living

Why did Henry VIII break away from the Catholic Church?

He wanted to divorce his wife Catherine of Aragon

The chief goals of the Congress of Vienna were to what?

Preserve peace through a balance of power and restore monarchies

Which of the following is NOT an idea present in the Declaration of Independence?

Titles of nobility should be protected

What happened during the Middle Passage of the Triangular Trade?

Slaves were transported to the Americas

The Hundred Days refers to what?

Napoleon’s last attempt for power

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Semester 1 Final Review

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Questions 52

Answers

1
Enlightenment writers often faced censorship because they did what?
Supported traditional ideas that supported the church
Wrote in salons
Wrote fiction
Challenged the clergy and absolute monarchs
2
What was the Industrial Revolution?
Widespread use of teenagers as factory laborers who worked long hours
An increase in machine-made goods beginning in England during the 1700s
Increased populations of urban areas during the 1800s
Increased purchases of land by wealthy landowners to cultivate larger field
3
Who wrote that people have a right to overthrow a government that violates their natural rights?
John Locke
Jean Jacques Rousseau
Adam Smith
Thomas Hobbes
4
The encomienda system was used to do what?
Force Native Americans to work
Control trade with England and France
Baptize and convert many Native Americans to Catholicism
Transport silver and gold to Spain
5
In The Prince, Machiavelli advises rulers to what?
support the arts
be ruthless in achieving goals
learn poetry, music, and sports
learn courtly manners
6
Unlike China and Korea, Japan at first did what?
Welcomed European traders
Rejected any contact with Europeans
Defeated European invaders
Rejected the religions that Europeans introduced
7
The Swiss city of Geneva became a model of Protestant morality under the leadership of who?
John Calvin
Martin Luther
Pope Julius
Henry VIII
8
During the Industrial Revolution, life changed in what basic way?
People migrated from cities to small towns
People migrated from rural areas to cities
People began selling their goods instead of trading them
People migrated from villages to work on large farms
9
What influence did Oliver Cromwell have on England?
Rules as an absolute monarch against the policies of the British Parliament
Leads the Cavaliers in the English Civil War against the Roundheads
Leads the Roundheads in the English Civil War against the Cavaliers
Is beheaded from his own orders after losing the English Civil War
10
What were Europeans main motives for making voyages of exploration?
To grow wealthy and spread Christianity
To find a place to live for their growing population
To break Portuguese monopoly on trade
To prove the earth was not flat
11
What is an indulgence?
buying your way into heaven
a religious ceremony
buying your way into a Church position
a church tax
12
Karl Marx disliked capitalism because he believed that it
Created prosperity for a few and poverty for many
Created equal wealth for everyone
Limited the individual freedoms of the people
Discouraged labor unions
13
The economic crisis in France was caused by what?
The failure of several economic reforms
The policies of the Estates- General
The policies of Jacques Necker
Bad harvests, deficit spending, and costly wars
14
What made Martin Luther dislike the Catholic Church and write his 95 Theses?
Selling indulgences
Baptizing infants
Translating the Bible
Creating Protestant sects
15
For what two reasons did the Industrial Revolution began in Britain?
Britain had falling prices and cheap transportation
Britain had natural resources and capital to invest
Britain lacked natural resources and steam power
Britain did not have skilled workers or waterways for trade
16
Philip II felt his goal in life was to do what?
Reunite the Spanish and Holy Roman empires
Make peace with England
Create a new Roman empire in the Mediterranean
Defend Catholicism
17
In her book The Vindication of the Rights of Women, Mary Wollstonecraft argued what?
Women should have equal voting rights
Women should serve as elected officials
Women should receive an equal education
Women should have equal property rights
18
What critical mistake did Christopher Columbus make when he left Spain in 1492?
He had not planned for bad weather
He greatly overestimated the Earth’s size
He believed the earth was flat
He greatly underestimated the Earth’s size
19
To avoid war over Poland, the countries of Russia, Prussia, and Austria did what?
Asked France to decide the country’s fate
Decided to divide it among themselves
Forced boyars to emigrate to Poland and form a protectorate
Allowed Poland to choose its own ruler and form of government
20
How does Peter the Great bring Russia out of its period of isolation?
Gets Europe to try to have their countries adapt Russian culture
Increases the amount of trade ports along the Arctic Ocean
Begins to look to adapt Chinese ways and led their influence into Russia
Westernizes the country from European ideas
21
How were Sans-culottes different from Jacobins?
They were middle class; Jacobins were working class
They were radicals; Jacobins supported the king
They were working class; Jacobins were middle class
They demanded a republic; Jacobins wanted a limited monarchy
22
What is one accomplishment Catherine the Great was able to complete as opposed to Peter the Great?
increase the power of the peasants and lower power of nobles
She was able to take the Black Sea and gain a warm water port
She forced the nobles to shave off their beards and interact with women
She ended isolation of Russia
23
Who painted the Mona Lisa?
Da Vinci
Michelangelo
Donatello
Raphael
24
Two new types of transportation developed around 1900 were what?
Telephones and radios
Automobiles and airplanes
Automobiles and railroads
Railroads and steamships
25
The purpose of the Council of Trent was to what?
Translate the Bible into the vernacular
Spread the Catholic faith to distant lands
Reinforce Lutheranism in France
Direct the reform of the Catholic Church
26
The Columbian Exchange refers to what?
Flow around the world of new plants, animals, ideas, and people
Trade of land between Spain and Portugal in the Americas
Exchange of goods from South America to North America
Rise of mercantilism in Korea and Japan
27
Which idea of Montesquieu influenced the United States Constitution?
The social contract
Freedom of the press
The separation of powers
The federal republic
28
What MAJOR factor led to the French defeat during the invasion of Russia?
The guerrilla style warfare of the Russians
British and Austrian troops supported the Russians
The Russian winter
Duke of Wellington’s knowledge of Napoleon
29
Which is NOT a reason for why the printing press was vital to the spread of Reformation ideas?
The Bible was printed in many languages
prices of books increased
Faster printing led to the spreading of ideas faster
More people had access to the Bible
30
Maximillian Robespierre believed he could achieve a “republic of virtue” only through what?
Electing a strong, absolute monarch
Observing strict religious rules
Extending suffrage to more citizens
The use of terror
31
Liberals generally believed in what?
Limiting power of the monarchy
Absolute monarchy
Limiting natural rights
Rigid social structure
32
What is the definition of secular?
no factual basis
no trading basis
no religious or spiritual basis
no artistic basis
33
How did workers respond to harsh conditions of industrial life?
They quit their jobs and moved to farms
They froze the wages of unskilled workers
They hired armed guards and police to protect themselves
They formed unions and mutual-aid societies
34
What two sides fought in the English Civil War?
The Cavaliers and Parliament
The Turks and the Ottomans
Sepoys and the Roundheads
The Ottomans and the Cavaliers
35
What is the agreement that people give up their freedom in return for organized society?
Natural rights
Popular sovereignty
Laissez faire
Social contract
36
What document stated that “men are born and remain free and equal in rights”?
Bill of Rights
Tennis Court Oath
Declaration of the Rights of Man
Constitution of 1795
37
To conquer the Aztec empire, Hernan Cortez did what?
Gained control of the Aztecs by converting them to Christianity
Persuaded the Aztecs that European trade would be beneficial
Formed alliances with conquered peoples who hated the Aztecs
Overwhelmed the Aztecs with a superior number of Spanish soldiers
38
The delegates to the Estates-General that declared themselves to be the National Assembly were from what estate?
Second
First
Fourth
Third
39
How did the Scientific Revolution lead to the Enlightenment?
It gave monarchs more power
It helped factories to grow larger and factory owners to become rich
It extended the natural rights of European citizens
It encouraged people to use reason to try to understand issues
40
Unlike revolutions in other Latin American countries, Haiti’s fight for freedom was what?
Achieved without bloodshed
Led by a priest
Carried out by slaves
Aided by British troops
41
What was significant of the English Bill of Rights?
It established limited power on monarchs
It was a major cause of the English Civil War
It established the group of government ministers known as the cabinet
It restored power to the monarch
42
How did Italy’s location help make it the starting point of the Renaissance?
Mediterranean trade brought wealth there
As trade declined, people turned to the arts
Leading Greek scholars moved there
Many libraries were located there
43
Which of the following was a long-term result of the Industrial Revolution?
The overall poverty of the working class
A general rise in the standard of living
An overall decline in population
A general decline in the standard of living
44
Why did Henry VIII break away from the Catholic Church?
He disagreed with the Church’s treatment of Martin Luther
He wanted to divorce his wife Catherine of Aragon
He disagreed with the sale of indulgences
He wanted to charge his wife Anne Boleyn with treason
45
The chief goals of the Congress of Vienna were to what?
Make Vienna the capital of Europe and restore power
Promote legitimacy and increase trade on the Rhine River
Strengthen the British navy and create a balance of power in Europe
Preserve peace through a balance of power and restore monarchies
46
Which of the following is NOT an idea present in the Declaration of Independence?
Titles of nobility should be protected
The right to overthrow an unjust government
Power of government comes from the people
People are born with natural rights
47
What happened during the Middle Passage of the Triangular Trade?
Colonial goods were shipped to Africa
Slaves were transported to the Americas
Merchant ships brought European goods to Africa
European goods were traded for colonial goods
48
Which king became France’s most powerful ruler and boasted “I am the state”?
Louis XIV
Frederick the Great
Philip II
Peter the Great
49
The Hundred Days refers to what?
The length of time it took Napoleon to march to Russia
The Length of the Napoleonic Wars
Napoleon’s last attempt for power
The length of time Napoleon was exiled
50
Which brilliant French writer frequently targeted the clergy and the government using sarcasm and satire?
Voltaire
Thomas Hobbes
Jean Jacques Rousseau
John Locke
51
The Line of Demarcation divided world trade and exploration rights between the
Spanish and Portuguese
English and Dutch
Spanish and English
Portuguese and Dutch
52
Labor laws were passed in several countries to do what?
Outlaw children working in mines
Foster worker discontent
Require union membership
Force factory owners to raise the standard of living

Semester 1 Final Review Flashcards | StudBud