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Duplicate of Intro to British Cultural Studies Flashcards | StudBud
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Duplicate of Intro to British Cultural Studies
Duplicate of Intro to British Cultural Studies
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End-of-term quiz designed for revision of key concepts and definitions.
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1
Why is class a historical phenomenon?
because class has always existed as a unit of social organisation
because Marxism was developed in the 19th century
because meanings of 'class' change over time and context
2
What is 'greenwashing'?
the production of sustainable products
corporations presenting themselves as environmentalist
corporations reducing their emissions and waste
reforestation
3
What defines class struggle?
that capitalist oppression cannot be avoided
antagonistic relationships between classes
that working-class people struggle to make ends meet
that it is a hard struggle to escape poverty
4
What is 'entanglement'?
interconnected climate change and capitalist exploitation
humans as inherently exploitative
thinking across binaries like nature/culture, human/environment
cross-species thinking
5
What is Othering?
the marginalisation of people of colour
the creation of 'us vs. them' through gaze
a tool of identity construction
the assertion of social class
6
What is elitism?
restricting access to cultural institutions based on class
an evolutionary model of culture
the belief that working-class people cannot engage with high culture
the idea that only the elites can produce and engage with culture
7
How is identity intersectional?
different categories overlap to construct complex identities
through mind-body dualism
through social relations to other people
it is defined by intersectional feminism
8
What is a signified?
a word/sound/image referring to a mental concept
the mental concept denoted by a word/sound/image
a tree
an object in the real world
9
What is a signifier?
a word prefix
a mental concept that refers to a concrete object
a sound/word/image that refers to a concept
a name
10
What is Orientalism?
imperialism and colonisation
binary opposition of 'East' and 'West'
the coloniser gazing at and constructing the colonised
art styles used in the India
11
What is 'hegemony'?
the cultural and ideological influence of the dominant group in society
the violent subordination of marginalised people
the ruling class of a society
12
How does structural linguistics decentre the subject?
signs are arbitrary, so culture is too
signs do not have stable meaning, so neither do identities
13
What thematic shifts occurred when Cultural Studies was institutionalised by the CCCS?
turn against elitism
class became focus of research
a clear definition of 'culture' emerged
increased interest in intersectionality
14
What is feminism?
a unified movement advocating for women's rights
the deconstruction of sex and gender
plural movements that want to achieve gender equality
the belief that women are superior
15
Which are examples of 'citizen journalism'?
TikTok or Instagram Live
Substack post
Twitch livestream
letter to the editor
16
What is meant by 'Anthropocene'?
a hypothetical geological epoch
humans as a major source of geological change
a new kind of Pleistocene
climate change
17
Why are signs arbitrary?
because there is no intrinstic connection between its constituents
because the relationship between signified and signifier is conventional
because they don't make sense
18
What is 'ecocriticism'?
a Romantic idealization of nature
interdisciplinary approach interested in spaces and environments
a critique of capitalist exploitation
environmentalism
19
What are the means of production?
capital
the ideological superstructure
factories
anything that is needed for production
20
What is hybridity?
a cultural melting pot
a way to manufacture cars
transcultural intermixture of that undermines the coloniser
multiculturalism
21
What does the Frankfurt School mean by 'culture industry'?
apparatus that mass produces goods for passive consumption
artists who produce artefacts like films etc.
22
Which classes exist in Marxist theory?
communists
entrepreneurs
proletariat
bourgeoisie
23
Why are signs differential?
because signifer and signified are different
they only have meaning in contrast to other things
24
What is a non-essentialist understanding of identity?
that objects and people have a definite set of attributes
that identities are fluid and contradictory
postmodern subject
that it is possible to clearly delineate identities
25
What is a 'filter bubble'?
algorithmic isolation from unwanted information
a 'liquid glass' UI design
users being presented with content they will agree with
social media users applying filters onto videos
26
What is taste according to Bourdieu?
acts of consumption construct cultural capital that legitimises class
consumerism is dangerous and wasteful
a way of distinguishing between classes
tastes are individual and different
27
Why is cultural studies interested in TV?
it is a popular product
TV is used for propaganda purposes
it represents and produces consensus reality
everyone watches TV
28
What is an active-consumer paradigm?
consumers internalize the internal message of media
consumers are always also producers (prosumers)
the idea that consumers have agency
the idea that consumers may read a product against the grain
29
What is hegemonic masculinity?
toxic masculinity
the marginalisation of alternative masculinities
stereotypically 'masculine' behaviour
the dominant expression of masculinity in society, perpetuates patriarchy
30
What is a 'structure of feeling'?
a concept by Raymond Williams
how individuals relate emotionally to others around them
a collection of affects
cultural sensibility of an era or place
31
What is the male gaze?
the sexualisation and objectification of female bodies on film and TV
a test to measure how often female characters interact on screen
a manifestation of toxic masculinity
32
How are signs defined by polysemy?
they are not restricted to one meaning
the meaning of a sign can never be clear
they are unstable
they have creative potential and can gain new meanings
33
How does 'surveillance capitalism' work?
CCTV
encouraging users to overshare personal information
social media panopticon
collecting user data
34
How is power productive?
it organises society to be productive
because capitalism works through production
it creates its subjects
it produces goods that can be consumed
35
What does 'imagined community' mean?
that members of a nation can never know all other members
that members of a nation feel a shared comradeship
that patriotism can be dangerous
that national identity is imaginary
36
What is an essentialist understanding of identity?
that there is a true core identity that never changes
the Enlightenment subject
that it is impossible to define one true meaning
37
Does positionality enable multiple readings?
no
yes
38
What is 'semiotics'?
the study of signs and sign systems
the study of meaning in language
39
What is class consciousness?
workers claiming the means of production
workers' self-awareness of their oppression by capitalists
workers choosing to rebel against the bourgeoisie
40
What is the function of a sign?
communicate meaning
refer to an object
evoke emotion
41
What is 'anthropocentrism'?
understanding the world through a human lens
criticism of humanism
decentering of the human
human perspective as normative
42
What is the goal of Critical Whiteness Studies?
to reveal institutionalised racism
to focus on POC perspectives
to do away with whiteness as a category of social organisation
to question white hegemony
43
What is the heterosexual matrix?
the idea that heterosexual lifestyles culminate in marriage
everyone is assumed to be heterosexual until they 'come out'
the idea that people must have heterosexual partners
the construction of heteronormativity as 'normal'
44
What is 'naturalisation'?
process of repeating meanings until they seem like 'common sense'
a subject position that focuses on individual identity
eco-friendly production of consumer goods
environmentalism
45
What model of TV studies does cultural studies prefer?
social model
hegemonic model
manipulative model
consensus model
46
What is culture according to Matthew Arnold?
intellectual/artistic products produced by elites
any cultural artefacts
social and institutional structures
literature and the arts
47
What is 'reproductive futurism'?
the idea that all people need to reproduce
concept by Lee Edelman
abstract notion of child welfare mobilised to reinforce heteronormativity
48
How has streaming impacted TV studies?
new / alternative formats
lack of flow
no one watches TV anymore
changed temporalities
49
What makes infrastructure 'invisible'?
our being used to it
it appeals to a normative subject
it only becomes noticeable when it fails
50
What does 'structuralism' assume?
that social structures are oppressive
that there is a system of underlying structures that give meaning
that all meaning can be found inside a cultural text/artefact
that there is meaning everywhere
51
How is the nation state limited?
because it can only regulate its citizens to a certain extent
because it is defined by its borders and differences to other nations
because it has less power than supra-national organisations like UN
52
What is gender performativity?
the idea that people can simply choose to ignore normative gender roles
a concept arguing that gender isn't real
the idea that bodies are normatively gendered based on sex
that gendered behaviours are constantly repeated and reinforced
53
How does Anderson define the nation?
as an imagined community
as an imaginary community
54
What is Eurocentrism?
Europe as the centre of imperialism
Anglo-American perspective as normative and standar
the idea that Europe holds power in international relations
55
What is an 'echo chamber'?
closed systems reinforcing beliefs and ideologies
users policing the behavior and content of other users
a particular social environment
users' posts being blocked by algorithms
