Exam 2 Review

The energy producing organelle found only in plant cells is the ___.

Chromosomes are made up of __, which is a combination of DNA and histone proteins

The Bridge Reaction converts __ into __ which is usable in the Krebs cycle.

This energy carrier allows for 2 hydrogens to be shoved out of the mitochondrial matrix.

For every hydrogen crossing from the intermembrane space back into the matrix, _ ATP are made:

The starter energy necessary to kick off any reaction (even exergonic ones!) is called:

When a ball is being held still several feet off the ground it has mainly ___ energy.

_ are small, non-protein molecules that are required for enzyme function.

Allosteric inhibition occurs when a non-substrate molecule binds to and enzyme's active site.

Most of the ATP created through cellular respiration comes from:

Which organelle would be responsible for packaging a neurotransmitter before exocytosis?

The synthesis of glucose is an example of a ___ reaction.

__ is the coupling of electron flow (exergonic) to ATP production (endergonic).

Photons with shorter wavelengths have more energy than those with higher wavelengths.

The Bridge Reaction results in the production of _ NADH molecules which are used in ox. phos.

The prefix Hyper- means

This enzyme is responsible for creating ATP in oxidative phosphorylation using the ion gradient

The first law of thermodynamics states that energy can be created by exergonic reactions.

The energy necessary for ATP production in the light-dependent reactions ultimate comes from:

The Calvin Cycle occurs in the:

Dihydrogen monoxide (water) crosses through the plasma membrane via simple diffusion.

If your muscles are deprived of oxygen, will they ferment or respire?

Enzymes are usually made up of what macromolecule?

Glycolysis occurs in the:

During the calvin cycle, the carbons used to make up glucose come from:

The eukaryotic organelle primarily responsible for producing steroids is the:

The ___ is the recycling facility of the cell

These reactions occur spontaneously.

All of the following are products of the light-independent reaction except:

Glycolysis requires the presence of oxygen.

___ is the property of a membrane that allows some things to cross more easily than others.

In each turn of the Krebs cycle, _ NADH are produced

Enzymes are very substrate specific. Only one substance tends to fit snuggly into the site.

Fermentation regenerates _ so that glycolysis can continue.

Inside of cell is more concentrated than the outside, the inside is _ to the outside.

The three portions of the cellular respiration are

The cells making up the lining of the stomach, where strong acid is kept, are connected by:

Glycolysis produces a NET of _ ATP per molecule of glucose split into two pyruvate.

These metabolic pathways are exergonic and result in the breakdown of more complex molecules.

This energy carrier allows 3 hydrogens to be shoved out of the mitochondrial matrix:

Photosystem II is responsible for producing _ while PSI is responsible for producing _.

The Krebs cycle takes place in the:

All of the following are reactants in the light-dependent reaction except:

The two branches of metabolism are:

The primary energy carrier in a cell is __ and in a plant it could be produced in the:

In order to create one glucose in the light independent reactions, _ ATP and _ NADPH are needed

___ are important in cell identification. They allow cells to recognize a each other.

In photosystem II, electrons are replenished by the splitting of ___.

If the inside of a cell has less sugar than the outside environment, water will move...

The ___ is the powerhouse of the cell.

An anabolic reaction could be described as:

The ___ is made up of only a single lipid bilayer.

Ribosomes are made of two subunits of ribosomal RNA and are responsible for the synthesis of:

The pores through which leaves pull in CO2 and some water are called:

_, _ molecules can simply diffuse through the plasma membrane.

The protein that facilitates the diffusion of water across the plasma membrane is named:

Which of the following is the largest?

___ are substances that absorb the energy in visible light.

These reactions are said to be energetically downhill.

Regulating a metabolic pathway by a downstream product in the pathway is called:

The breakdown of a single glucose molecule creates _ NET ATP from the three parts of Cell resp.

The breaking down of ATP is an example of a ____ reaction.

The primary type of lipid that makes up the plasma membrane is:

NADPH and ATP provide the energy necessary to produce glucose in the light-independ. reactions

A cell that is isotonic with its outside environment will:

In each turn of the Krebs cycle, _ FADH₂ are produced.

Gap junctions are to animal cells as ___ are to plant cells.

Chloroplasts are found in cells of___, or the interior of the leaf.

In order to complete the breakdown of a sugar molecule, _ turns of the Krebs cycle are needed

Chlorophyll, other accessory pigments, and proteins are arranged into ____.

All of the following are reactants in the light-independent reaction except:

_ is crossing through a biological membrane with the help of a special transport protein

The area on an enzyme that a competitive inhibitor would bind to is called the:

Muscle soreness is due to:

__ are the substances that enzymes help change into new substances.

The nuclear envelope is made up of:

The area on the enzyme that binds to a substrate is called the:

In each turn of the Krebs cycle, _ ATP are produced.

In a phospholipid bilayer, the __ tails are pointed inwards and the ___ heads outwards.

If the inside of a cell is hypertonic to the outside, will water move into or out of the cell?