In order to ensure that she is using the natural method correctly, Mrs. Holmes must do which of the following?

Provide specific targeted vocabulary

Why are students with strong phonological awareness of their native language more likely to succeed in learning English?

They have a higher likelihood of knowledge transfer between languages.

Mr. Horn has noticed Miguel ignores "h" in words. How should he help him?

Pronounce familiar "h" words correctly and have Miguel repeat them.

Which is one way that the Every Student Succeeds Act differs from the No Child Left Behind Act?

States are provided more authority to establish accountability measures

Mrs. Holtz uses Language Experience Approach to ask about the weekend and then swap papers. What mistake did she make?

She has students swap papers to read about their classmates' weekend

Anja shows little interest and does not participate, even after two years. What can her teacher do to motivate her?

Allow Anja to create an assignment for herself to complete.

Mrs. Rose wants to try total physical response with one of her classes. Which class would this method MOST benefit?

Students who are in their first year of ESOL instruction

Which of the following activities involves the use of semi-authentic materials?

Students watch an adapted version of Taming of the Shrew and discuss.

According to behaviorists, how are children encouraged to string together groups of syllables to form words?

By being provided with rewards and incentives for speech

Xiang is highly motivated, striving for high grades. How can the teacher continue his motivation?

By providing him with small-group opportunities

How might the outcomes of a norm-referenced assessment be unreliable due to bias?

Population tested initially not representative of students being assessed

Which of the following is true about the Migrant Education Program (MEP)?

It currently has programs in every state

Mikko is motivated by his grandson's English classes and decides to take his own. What is likely to be the outcome?

He will gain proficiency in English with practice but not fluent.

Which of the following choices states the main purpose of a standardized test?

To provide a formal measure of student achievement using criteria

The Equal Educational Opportunities Act included a provision that no state shall deny the access to equal education by

Failing to take appropriate action to overcome language barriers

Why do second-language learners develop an interlanguage?

To help them move forward in their second-language learning

Which best states the purpose of a diagnostic assessment?

To determine the instructional needs of a student

Which of the following statements is a clearly written language objective?

Students will identify and define adjectives in a character description.

What are some of the factors that may lead to differences in morpheme acquisition order in English language learners?

Cognitive and first-language interference

Which of the following scaffolding techniques is LEAST effective in presenting new content to ESL students?

Performing regular checks for understanding

Which of the following choices states the most significant purpose of assessment for English learners?

Ensure student instructional needs are met and learning is taking place

What is unique about the SIOP model of instruction?

Students are in a self-contained classroom to learn content and language

Which of the following sentences are correct?

You and he should go to the store.

ESL teachers advocate for ELLs, having to act as cultural liaisons by doing what?

Helping ELL families communicate and work with the community

An ESL teacher finds out a new student is actually a native English speaker. What mistake did the school make?

They should have issued a Home Language Survey before putting her in ESL

Which best states the purpose of the ACCESS assessment?

To measure student progress in English language proficiency

The Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis is acknowledged as true, but it contains two versions. What are they?

Linguistic Determinism and Linguistic Relativism

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ESL Certification 2

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1
Melvill tries to participate, but he finds it difficult to focus when there is no movement. What kind of learner is he?
Tactile
Kinesthetic
Visual
Auditory
2
Funding for Title III in the No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) is directly related to outcomes from which court case(s)?
Keyes vs. School District No. 1, Denver CO
Castaneda vs. Pickard
All of the above
Lau vs. Nichols
3
Ms. Worth wants her students to write an updated version of a Greek myth. What genre of writing should she review?
Expository
Descriptive
Procedural
Narrative
4
In order to ensure that she is using the natural method correctly, Mrs. Holmes must do which of the following?
Provide instruction in the students' first languages
Require students to speak in the target language
Provide specific targeted vocabulary
Make specific corrections to grammatical errors
5
Why are students with strong phonological awareness of their native language more likely to succeed in learning English?
They have a higher likelihood of knowledge transfer between languages.
They have superior oral skills development in languages.
They have advanced reading levels in their native language.
They have greater exposure to second-language vocabulary.
6
Mr. Horn has noticed Miguel ignores "h" in words. How should he help him?
Use only short sentences when speaking to Miguel
Speak more slowly when working with Miguel.
Pronounce familiar "h" words correctly and have Miguel repeat them.
Create a list of "h" words that Miguel does not know and have him recite.
7
Which is one way that the Every Student Succeeds Act differs from the No Child Left Behind Act?
States are provided more authority to establish accountability measures
The federal government will take the lead in establishing accountability
The federal government will no longer require accountability demonstration
States are provided with the authority to designate and provide programs
8
Lucia can only respond in single words and short phrases but enjoys listening to English songs. What stage is this?
Intermediate Fluency
Early Production
Speech Emergence
Preproduction
9
In which would a speaker have rising intonation?
I am afraid.
Please bring some bread.
Do you want to watch a movie?
Frankie and Johnny are waiting outside.
10
During which stage of literacy development are students likely to discuss what they are reading to make sense of it?
Transitional
Emergent
Fluency
Early
11
Which of the following manipulatives is NOT commonly found in a Silent Way classroom?
Translation Charts
Cuisenaire Rods
Sound-Color Charts
Fidel Charts
12
Students from the same country have an idea to learn idioms, but teacher dismisses it. The teacher is showing cultural
Chronemics
Sensitivity
Bias
Acculturation
13
Which component of communicative competence involves understanding the appropriate way to speak to the principal?
Strategic Competence
Linguistic Competence
Discourse Competence
Sociolinguistic Competence
14
Which statement, said while eating Cajun, would suggest an ESOL student has a good grasp of connotative understanding?
This cuisine is delicious.
This stuff that people and animals eat is delicious.
This slop is delicious.
This feed is delicious.
15
Mrs. Holtz uses Language Experience Approach to ask about the weekend and then swap papers. What mistake did she make?
She has students tell what they did over the weekend
She writes down what the students tell her about the events
She has students swap papers to read about their classmates' weekend
She uses the same vocabulary in writing as the students use in their speech
16
Anja shows little interest and does not participate, even after two years. What can her teacher do to motivate her?
Provide Anja with a list of simple vocabulary words to memorize and recite.
Design a contract for Anja to earn homework passes for turning in work.
Have Anja work in a small group in order to encourage her to speak.
Allow Anja to create an assignment for herself to complete.
17
Mrs. Rose wants to try total physical response with one of her classes. Which class would this method MOST benefit?
Students who are preparing to exit ESOL instruction
Students who are in their first year of ESOL instruction
Students who demonstrate advanced speaking and listening skills
Students who demonstrate intermediate reading and writing skills
18
Which of the following activities involves the use of semi-authentic materials?
Students watch an adapted version of Taming of the Shrew and discuss.
Students read a series of ads for local politicians and discuss.
Students watch several television commercials and compare the products.
Students read a newspaper article and create a list of questions.
19
According to behaviorists, how are children encouraged to string together groups of syllables to form words?
By being continuously spoken to by the adults around them
By being continuously corrected in their attempts at speech
By being provided with rewards and incentives for speech
By being provided with previously learned patterns of sounds
20
Pragmatics is concerned with
Meaning in context
How humans produce sounds
How words are constructed into phrases or sentences
The way the voice rises and falls in speech
21
Sharon, a young ESL teacher, is beginning her first year of teaching. Which would be the best resource for her?
cal.org
iteslj.org
tesol.org
nabe.org
22
Xiang is highly motivated, striving for high grades. How can the teacher continue his motivation?
By providing him with small-group opportunities
By having him complete easier assignments
By allowing him to skip an assessment
By giving him assignments to complete on his own
23
How might the outcomes of a norm-referenced assessment be unreliable due to bias?
Population tested initially not representative of students being assessed
Scores of original population don't go up after instruction
Initial group tested demonstrates high level of variability between members
Scores of population don't confirm the test items measure specific criteria
24
Pull-out ESOL instruction is most commonly found in which academic setting?
Preschool
Elementary
High
Middle
25
An ESL teacher would like to include her students in a bilingual reading program. This initiative is known as:
Lead and Support
Group Literacy Assessment
A school-based enterprise
Community Service
26
Which of the following is true about the Migrant Education Program (MEP)?
It only serves students in California and Florida
It only serves students in California
It currently has programs in every state
It only serves students in California, Florida, and New York
27
Mikko is motivated by his grandson's English classes and decides to take his own. What is likely to be the outcome?
He will become fluent in English if he persists in practicing.
He will gain proficiency in English with practice but not fluent.
He will learn to speak & understand English, but unlikely to read or write.
He will learn to read and write in English but unlikely to speak it.
28
Which of the following choices states the main purpose of a standardized test?
To provide an informal measure of student ability based on observation
To provide a formal measure of student achievement using criteria
To provide a measure of student progress along the school year
To provide a measure of student achievement in a context of creativity
29
Which of Krashen's hypotheses stresses the importance of language as a series of patterns for learners to internalize?
Affective-Filter Hypothesis
Monitor Hypothesis
Acquisition-Learning Hypothesis
Natural Order Hypothesis
30
The Equal Educational Opportunities Act included a provision that no state shall deny the access to equal education by
Failing to take appropriate action to overcome language barriers
Not conducting evaluations to see if the language barriers are overcome
Denying Hispanic students the same rights ascribed to African Americans
Failing to provide adequate access to transportation
31
Why do second-language learners develop an interlanguage?
To show proficiency in first and second languages
To help them move forward in their second-language learning
To move past fossilization of second-language acquisition
To overcome first-language dominance
32
Which best states the purpose of a diagnostic assessment?
To determine the instructional needs of a student
To provide an informal measure of student ability
To measure student achievement
To screen a student for language assessment
33
An ESL teacher overhears students using a simple language that contains both English and Spanish. This is called:
Universal Grammar
Regional Dialect
Pidgin
Social Dialect
34
Which of the following statements is a clearly written language objective?
Students will identify and define adjectives in a character description.
Students will learn about the Battle of Antietam.
Students will listen to two pianists' interpretations of Beethoven.
Students will write a summary of their science lab.
35
Which best illustrates assessment bias in an essay writing item?
The topic is friendship.
The topic is Halloween.
The topic is to describe a favorite smell.
The topic is to describe a day at school.
36
Jamie is reluctant to speak because he mixes his first language with English. Which linguistic behavior is this?
Cognate Awareness
Code-Switching
Difficulty with Accent
Language Interference
37
What are some of the factors that may lead to differences in morpheme acquisition order in English language learners?
Cognitive and first-language interference
Gender and cognitive interference
Age and first-language interference
Nonlinguistic mental capacities and gender
38
Administration in different settings of an assessment produces consistent outcomes. What quality does this demonstrate?
Practicality
Content Validity
Construct Validity
Reliability
39
Which of the following scaffolding techniques is LEAST effective in presenting new content to ESL students?
Using modified reading materials
Performing regular checks for understanding
Using realia
Previewing vocabulary prior to a lesson
40
Two ESL students planned to meet to do a project. One arrives late and the other is angry. What culture is the first?
TPR
Monochronic
Polychronic
Phonemic
41
Which of the following choices states the most significant purpose of assessment for English learners?
Ensure student instructional needs are met and learning is taking place
To determine the appropriate grade levels for student placement
Identify students are high or low achievers in instructional content areas
To keep a record of student scores on state-mandated assessments
42
What is unique about the SIOP model of instruction?
Teachers work in pairs to provide content and linguistic instruction
Students are with their peers for only some of their content studies
Students are in a self-contained classroom to learn content and language
Teachers travel with language learners and work in their content classes
43
Mylee is writing a report about chemical reactions that occur between metals & acids. Which rhetorical pattern is this?
Argumentative
Listing
Problem and Solution
Cause and Effect
44
Mr. Williams showed four pictures of a cat and asked them to point to the cat sleeping. What skills is he assessing?
Productive Language Skills
Expressive Language Skills
Social Language Skills
Receptive Language Skills
45
What is the prepositional phrase here: Wrapping packages for the soldiers, the kind woman made room for the cookies.
made room
for the cookies
Wrapping packages for the soldiers
the kind woman
46
Which of the following sentences are correct?
You and him should go to the store.
Both Blue and Yellow
You and he should go to the store.
Stan and him should go to the store.
47
ESL teachers advocate for ELLs, having to act as cultural liaisons by doing what?
Interpreting
Giving ELL families tickets to the local art museum
Helping ELL families communicate and work with the community
Teaching art lessons to ELL families
48
An ESL teacher finds out a new student is actually a native English speaker. What mistake did the school make?
They should have given her an oral culture test
They should have issued a Home Language Survey before putting her in ESL
They should have ask her if she needed ESL
They should have tested her to see if she needed ESL
49
Which best states the purpose of the ACCESS assessment?
To place students in English language instructional programs
To assess English learner achievement in core academic areas
To identify students who are English language learners
To measure student progress in English language proficiency
50
In December 2015, a new version of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act was passed. What is it called?
Every School Should Achieve
Every Student Succeeds Act
Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics
No Child Left Behind
51
The Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis is acknowledged as true, but it contains two versions. What are they?
Linguistic Relativism and Semantics
Linguistic Determinism and Linguistic Relativism
Semantics and Linguistic Transcription
Linguistic Transcription and Linguistic Relativism
52
Mr. Carson is doing an experiment involving obstacles. What kind of cognitive strategy should he model beforehand?
Reasoning
Problem-Solving
Writing
Comprehension
53
Which of the following would be considered task-based instruction?
Students organize a party, create a plan, and distribute responsibilities
Students listen to songs, rehearse, and use it as a conversation starter
Students translate passages, trade papers, and read
Students read aloud to one another, taking turns asking questions
54
Which is an example of a performance-based classroom assessment?
A teacher gives all students a test related to geography
A teacher uses a rating scale during a student report on whales
A teacher photographs students solving problems with manipulatives
A teacher assigns a rubric-based grade to a student's expository essay
55
Mr. Swenson is trying to help Jacque work through his silent period & begin speaking more in class. What should he do?
Take Jacque aside and work with him privately on speaking.
Set up a rotation of small-group speaking activities for Jacque's class.
Assign students in Jacque's class individual oral reports.
Tell Jacque that if he does not begin speaking in class he will fail.
56
Ms. Green notices students are not describing science labs in detail. How can she differentiate learning here?
She can administer multiple-choice science lab unit tests.
She can make science logs optional for LEP students.
She can ask students to illustrate the science lab process.
She can assign low scores to science logs with insufficient detail.
57
How does Noam Chomsky's theory of Universal Grammar differ from the behaviorist theories that existed before his?
It assumes an innate, genetic capacity to learn language.
It supports the hypothesis that children are born as blank slates.
It is used to demonstrate how children learn to understand phonemes.
It explains how children are exposed to language prior to birth.
58
Which sentence, written by a student, contains a mistake in apostrophe usage?
David's bag is still in the car.
I can't see the sign from here.
Its' paw is hurt.
Stereos used to be a lot bigger.
59
Mr. Jackson counts participation in his science class with discussions and questions. Why might this be unfair?
ESL students might come from individualist cultures that are more active.
ESL students might come from collectivist cultures that are more passive.
ESL students might come from individualist cultures that are more passive.
ESL students do not have the English skills to participate effectively.
60
A Chinese student starts having difficulty in class and is depressed and homesick. What phase of acculturation is this?
Home
Hostility
Humor
Honeymoon
61
According to the SIOP model, how frequently should students' learning be assessed?
Biannually
Weekly
Daily
Monthly
62
Which classroom activity would BEST help students to understand phonemes?
Having students map out syllables in sentences they create
Asking students to sound out words they hear and write them down
Having students break down words of a story they hear into sounds
Asking students to write all the ways they know to create the "f" sound
63
Syntax is concerned with which of the following?
Ensuring transfer of language skills from L1 to L2
How words are formed into phrases or sentences
Stages of second-language acquisition
How words are combined to convey meaning
64
Which best describes the fundamental purpose of student self-assessment tools?
Students correct mistakes before grading
Students learn to value assessment scores
Students take an active role in their learning outcomes
Students are better equipped to take standardized tests
65
SIFE is an acronym most relative to which of the following?
Phonetics
ELP (English Language Proficiency) standards
Culture and student preparedness
Expository Writing
66
Which assignment would allow students to practice applying the standard conventions of written English?
Reading a novel for a literature class
Discussing how to write a lab report
Editing a friend's history essay
Writing a rough draft of a research paper
67
An ESL and science teacher are co-teaching the water cycle. They have the students move through cycles. This is:
Co-Planning
Parallel Teaching
Natural Order
Station Teaching
68
Which of the following activities uses the direct method of second-language instruction?
Students choose a topic from a teacher-provided list and have a discussion.
Students are paired together to write a short story.
Students read a play together with each student taking a role.
Students give oral presentations on research for their science classes.
69
Semantics could be applied to which aspect of everyday English?
The use of commas with conjunctions
The use of idioms
The use of quotation marks in quoted speech
The pronunciation of vowels
70
Why are students slower to gain cognitive academic language proficiency than basic interpersonal communication skills?
CALP calls for higher-order thinking skills due to lack of context clues
Students are not provided with interpersonal context to assist in CALP.
Students are provided vocabulary words while they are learning BICS.
BICS relies entirely on facial cues, which students are familiar with.
71
What is chronemics?
The study of the role time plays in communication
The study of second language acquisition
The study of meaning in language
The science of the study of language
72
Two students talk and share answers during a test. Why would they not think this is wrong?
The come from a collectivist culture.
They come from an individualist culture.
They pretend not to understand this is wrong.
They come from a monochronic culture.
73
Which is NOT a requirement of ELL problems as a result of the 1981 Castaneda vs. Pickard case?
The program must offer bilingual instruction for first year of enrollment
Evaluations must be conducted to see if language barriers are overcome
The program must have adequate resources and personnel to implement it
The program must be based on sound academic theory
74
Which would explain why a student is having problems being understood when saying think, wreath, the, and ruthless?
She is not distinguishing between the voiced and unvoiced "th" sounds
She has problems making r sounds
She is not putting stress on the correct syllables
She needs more instruction in semantics
75
Which of the following is true?
A morpheme is the smallest unit of meaning in a language
An affix is a free morpheme
All words are morphemes, but not all morphemes are words
Both Red and Blue
76
Which of the following would be appropriate to include in a bilingual parent toolkit for ELL parents?
A map of the school campus with directions to the office
All of the above
Information about American school culture
Information about expectations of parents and students
77
Mrs. Ortega is a new teacher and provides push-in instruction. Which activity would NOT be good to use?
Creating differentiated materials for language learners
Working with a small group to help them understand a difficult passage
Contributing to the co-teacher's lesson to help the language learners
Helping her co-teacher grade multiple choice quizzes from the ESL students
78
In which stage of Piaget's theory is a child likely to narrate the process she is using to construct a fort with blocks?
Formal Operational
Concrete Operational
Sensorimotor
Preoperational
79
An ESL teacher uses authentic audio with English speakers from all around the world. What concept is this?
Interlanguage
World Englishes
Sheltered Instruction Observational Protocol
Language Experience Approach
80
A student writes this sentence: I am going to the beach tomorrow. What is missing?
Future verb tense
Subject
Determiners
Adverbs
81
Mr. Osborne is doing banking & finance to create hands-on activities. What might he use to make it more authentic?
Internet websites that discuss banking procedures
A computer software program that simulates what bank accounts look like
Realia such as deposit slips and account statements
Audio recordings of a person's interaction with a bank teller
82
Which sentence is correctly labelled according to its structure?
Do as you please. (complex)
Members served selflessly and cheered as sequestration ended. (complex)
The grandchildren and their cousins enjoyed the beach. (compound)
The grass has lost color, despite the fall lasting into December. (simple)
83
A classroom contains English and Spanish students and instruction is given in both languages. What approach is this?
A two-way dual language instructional model
A bilingual instructional model
A one-way dual language instructional model
An ESL instructional model
84
Karla practices interactions she will have with friends, using idiomatic expressions. What is she working to improve?
Morpheme Acquisition
Phonemic Awareness
Rhetorical Patterns
Communicative Competence
85
During which stage of first-language acquisition do children first begin using words with intentional meaning?
One-Word Stage
Babbling Stage
Multiword Stage
Two-Word Stage
86
Mr. Hansen's students listen to a recording and repeat lines. He praises some and ignores others. What is he doing?
Induction
Direct Method
Audio-Lingual
Grammar-Translation
87
Which of the following assessments can be used to measure language proficiency in all four common language domains?
BSM II and BINL
BINL and LAS
LAS and IPT
IPT and BSM II
88
While ESL students are learning English, they also need content information. If two teachers work together, this is:
Co-Planning
Fossilization
Portfolio Assessment
AMAOs
89
Why are BICS usually easier for ESOL students to acquire than CALP skills?
Students can study BICS in textbooks at home
BICS are context driven, whereas CALP requires more advanced knowledge
Jim Cummins developed BICS to be easier than CALP
ESOL teachers stress BICS over CALP
90
How does the affective domain influence language learning?
It controls reasoning capacity to understand & transfer knowledge.
It controls students' physical capacities to produce speech and writing.
It controls ability to comprehend how elements of language work together.
It controls students' emotional responses to learning experiences.
91
Which is the key purpose of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965?
To legally require school districts to administer language placement tests
To identify students whose primary language is not English
To establish equal educational opportunity for all students
To hold schools accountable for student performance
92
A Spanish speaker who says I have 15 years when asked how old he is likely making a mistake because of
Pronunciation
Metathesis
Morphemes
Interference
93
Ana substitutes the "h" sound each time the "j" sound should be used in a word. How should she develop her skills?
Plan activities that focus on Ana's accent
Teach Ana about code switching
Create lessons that teach Ana about cognates
Discuss Ana's trouble with transfer with a colleague
94
Ms. Perry is teaching about grammatical structure of compound-complex sentences. What linguistic area is this?
Integrated Language Skills
Discrete Language Skills
Content-Based Instruction
Task-Based Instruction
95
Why do some language theorists and instructors OPPOSE the grammar-translation method of foreign language instruction?
Students acquire vocabulary through reading exercises.
Students are taught in their native languages.
Students do not learn to write in their target language.
Students are not required to speak in the target language.
96
Which of the following is considered a best practice for working with ESOL students?
Avoid the use of students' native languages in instruction.
Speak at a conversational pace to help students acclimate to conversation.
Provide students with written instructions.
Correlate academic and linguistic standards whenever possible.
97
Which of the following is an example of using comprehensible input to increase student vocabulary?
Students create a list of questions about vocabulary they want to know
Students are provided with a list of words that focuses on a central theme
Teacher assigns reading that uses both familiar and unfamiliar words
Teacher narrates what she is doing as she works a math problem
98
Which sentence uses the present perfect verb tense?
Sean leaves at 8am every day.
He's been there a few times already.
Juan is going to drive home tomorrow.
Katrina thinks the present is perfect for her mother.
99
Which of the following strategies is NOT intended to aid students in activating prior knowledge?
Using graphic organizers, diagrams, and outlines
Introducing vocabulary before content
Listening to an expert speaker discuss the content
Asking questions about the content
100
NCLB states were required to use AMAOs and ELPs. A consortium was created to develop them. What is it called?
WIDA
CALP
CAL
TESOL

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