Confusing Pairs 2025

Located in the frontal lobe, it helps you produce speech (move your mouth to make the words!)

Indicates whether an observed result is likely due to chance

When you transform unacceptable impulses into a more socially acceptable channel. (i.e. join a boxing gym)

For every 3 cars that Ted sells, he gets a $1000 bonus.

Remembering information, but forgetting where or how it was learned.

They mimic the actions of the neurotransmitters. Ex: morphine mimicking endorphins

stage that starts in adolescence and allows people to think abstractly

an eating disorder with a restricting diet and excessive exercise

Remembering the last items on a list you memorized

receives no "treatment" or receives a placebo

Are the questions on the test appropriate for the goal of the test

photoreceptor cell that lets you see in dim light and peripheral vision

Money is this type of reinforcement

data that gives descriptions

In the nervous system, fast messages between neurons; Acetylcholine, Dopamine, Serotonin

paraniod delusions, hallucinations, and erratic emotions or behaviors

When you wear a hat and you no longer feel it on your head

The College Board AP Psychology Exam

This sense provides information about head position & balance.

basic unit of sound

choosing between two events each with undesirable features

Failure to notice something added because you're focused on another task

giving priority to the goals of one's group

doing something in order to gain something you want, like cookies

a type of learning in which one learns to link two or more stimuli and anticipate events

acquired knowledge over time, increases with age

Marcia's theory: when individuals commit to an identity without exploration, often adopting parents' values

Hailey has a bad boyfriend, but they've been together for a couple of years and have a kid so she sticks it out.

In an experiment, what is the variable that is manipulated by the researcher?

specialized cells in the nervous system that transmit signals from the central nervous system to muscles/skin/glands

an unmeasured variable may be causing changes in both measured variables, causing a false correlation.

Measures the magnitude or strength of the relationship between variables regardless of sample size

Using glitz and glamour and maybe a celebrity endorsement to convince someone

The neuron is polarized and not currently firing

If you take 3 IQ tests and the scores are about the same. The test is:

Hearing loss resulting from damage to the inner ear or auditory nerve pathways

Language & logic are lateralized here

"fight or flight" response system

memory of facts (who, what, where, when) not procedures

studying the same group of people over 60 years

medicines block the receptor sites on post synaptic cells (anti-psychotics)

type of parenting that leads to high self-esteem and independence in children

Which one is termed as a "shortcut" & usually speedier, but can be inaccurate?

The way words are arranged (white house v. casa blanca)

You live by the airport and you no longer hear the airplanes every 15 minutes.

In operant conditioning, it will strengthen the behavior

level of stimulation required to detect 50% of the time

A Big Five trait; organized, careful and disciplined

Each participant has an equal chance of being put into the control or experimental group

I control my fate!

Teacher thinks boy isn't smart, treats him accordingly, so he doesn't do well in class

when you narrow down available solutions to find the best

stimulates feeding behaviors (eating)

wanting a bike but asking for a car first

Symptoms are perfectionism, rule following, need for control

Same fertilized egg; monozygote. Vital for studies in nature v. nurture.

Baddeley's working memory: you store and manipulate visual/spatial information

uncertainty about which variable causes the other when correlation is found

your opinion may grow stronger after a group discussion with like-minded people

Inability to learn new information because of old information or old training. (pneumonic - PORN)

You notice this when you have a cold, and your food doesn't taste right because you can't smell it

I believe I can accomplish my goals if I work at it and that my efforts are important

how our brains process information based on what we already know

Learning through consequences -- negative & positive

It's caused by the deterioration of the myelin sheath which slows movement

Deciding a person who reads poetry is more likely to be a professor than a truck driver

It's made up of the axons (the myelin sheaths that protect them give it this color)

Inability to make new memories (50 first dates)

The outer surface of the brain; fissures/wrinkles increases surface area of brain

Removing something unpleasant to encourage the behavior (like a headache).

Blends new information into our existing schema

a condition where distant objects appear clearer than objects close up

Making a decision based on what first comes to mind

Cells in the brain that protect and nourish

Whether the test measures what it is supposed to measure (how can a test measure emotion)

readiness to perceive one's self favorably

multiple choice quizzes are examples of

The neuron must rest and reset before it can fire again

In conditioning, when the learner responds to stimuli that are similar; like the dog responding to similar bell

a type of intelligence where you understand yourself very well

excessive hand washing is an example of

When someone else leaves their cart in the parking lot, they're bad; when I do it, it's only because I'm in a hurry

When someone gives a better speech in front of others compared to when they practiced at home

when you attempt to alleviate stress by changing your behavior

A predisposition to perceive things a certain way based upon expectations