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MidTerm Chapters 1-4 Part 1 Flashcards | StudBud
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MidTerm Chapters 1-4 Part 1
MidTerm Chapters 1-4 Part 1
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Mid-term chapters 1-4 part 1
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1
According to your text, two of the most important roles in adulthood are
work and parenthood.
education and work.
finding love and finding meaning.
caring for children and caring for elderly parents.
2
Which of the following is NOT a role that teachers play in the classroom?
Role model
Disciplinarian
Instructor
Surrogate
3
The scientific method
is a way to acquire knowledge
is one of the more-flawed knowledge systems.
guarantees that absolute truths will be discovered
is used in social sciences but not physics or other bench sciences.
4
Donna is interested in the relationship b/t age and political affiliation: data is collected only collected once.
dependent data
causal data
longitudinal data
Cross-sectional data
5
Which of the following statements supports the argument that natureshapes behavior?
Human development is innate.
Abuse and mistreatment can blunt a child’s development.
A pregnant mother’s habits can have a lasting effect on a child’s life.
Human development is largely due to environment.
6
Auguste Comte maintained that the study of society must be
spiritual
ideological
Personal
empirical
7
When sociologists offer research results to argue against falsehoods propagated by politicians & special interest groups
shape social policies
Counteract misinformation
explain why people behave irrationally.
expose myths
8
Émile Durkheim agreed with Comte that
Sociology is the scientific study of social statics
sociology is the scientific study of social dynamics.
societies are characterized by unity and cohesion
sociology solidarity can be maintained by a division of labor.
9
Which of the following scenarios supports the argument that nurture is particularly important in shaping behavior?
father, an alcoholic, advised son to avoid drinking. Son has a healthy life
Evelyn, like all the women in her family, outlived her husband.
Joshua has been diagnosed with skin cancer - none of his sisters have been.
Kim’s sense of smell is high her husband's is not.
10
Blake and his two sisters grew up in a multigenerational household. This means that they
will stay in their parent’s house after marriage.
were brought up by parents and step-parents.
lived in the same house in which their ancestors had lived.
lived with their parents and grandparents.
11
According to your text, theories _____ over time because of _____.
evolve; cultural and technological changes
are relatively stable; the consistency of society
remain the same; the use of the scientific method
change in fundamental ways; ideological corruption
12
An example of a behavior that is considered taboo in much of U.S. society is
refusing to shake hands.
Frontal Plane
having sexual relations with a sibling.
infrequent showering.
13
A(n)_____ is a group of people who share a(n)_____.
society; culture and defined territory
culture; society and religion
jurisdiction; culture and society
population; culture and religion
14
According to your text, which of the following are core U.S. values?
Progress, equality, and democracy
Modesty, generosity, and integrity
Diplomacy, development, and defense
Patience, loyalty, and kindness
15
Before obtaining a sample, researchers decide whether to use _____ sampling methods.
constant or variable
probability or nonprobability
dependent or independent
reliable or nonreliable
16
Which of the following is a purpose of mores?
They define and reinforce folkways.
They reward good or appropriate behavior.
They tell us what people should and ought to do.
They define “must” as opposed to “should” behavior.
17
Folkways are norms that
involve everyday customs, practices, and interaction
are codified into law.
have become irrelevant as the culture developed.
define what is permissible or illegal
18
Karl Marx, like Auguste Comte and Émile Durkheim, tried to explain the societal changes that were taking place during
the Enlightenment
the Industrial Revolution
the Great War
the French Revolution
19
Which of the following is an example of nonmaterial culture?
shoes
jewelry
customs
hairstyles
20
One of the criticisms of symbolic interactionist theory is that it
downplays social class inequality.
doesn’t address the linkages between culture and subcultures.
overlooks diversity and social change.
places too much emphasis on societal discord.
21
Which of the following is true about socialization?
It is a powerful force in shaping who we are.
It produces people who are all entirely the same.
It produces people who behave without feelings.
It is always successful
22
While _____ are formally defined, _____ are often more informal.
Laws; folkways
Mores; values
Folkways; mores
Taboos; laws
23
Saami is 4 years old and loves to play “house” where he gets to be the “mommy”. Saami’s behavior is an example of
judgment of others.
impression management.
reinforcement.
role taking.
24
Martineau described American women as being socialized to be
faminists
aggressive and ambitious
subservient and dependent
Career-oriented
25
_____ forbid acts that violate social customs, religious or moral beliefs, or laws.
Taboos
Crimes
Sanctions
Folkways
26
Identify an example of material culture
customs
Clothing
music
Norms
27
_____ consists of the physical objects that people make, use and share.
Material culture
traditional culture
Nonmaterial culture
Normative culture
28
One of the criticisms of feminist theories of culture is that they
overemphasize harmony and unity.
tend to downplay social class inequality.
don’t offer a framework that explains how people create culture.
examine multicultural variations across groups.
29
Sociology grad student ask students in introductory sociology classes to participate in their research: this sampling is
representativeness
generalizability
convenience
probability
30
The term _____ refers to the norms, values, and expectations of society as a whole that affect a person’s behavior.
generalized other
significant other
socialization agent
primary caregiver
31
Which of the following is the most desirable characteristic of a probability sample?
A probability sample provides complete coverage of the population.
A probability sample guarantees the statistical significance of outcomes.
A probability sample reduces problems associated with a lack of reliability
The results of a probability sample can be generalized: larger population.
32
Which of the following is NOT an example of popular culture?
Breakfast cereal
Symphony concerts
Attending a baseball game
Korean pop (K-pop) music
33
During early childhood, the most important agent of socialization is usually
a peer.
a celebrity
a parent.
a religious leader.
34
A(n) _____ variable is the outcome measure in a research study.
independent
variable
dependent
control
35
_____ is an inquiry process that begins; theory, prediction or general principle that is tested through data collection.
Decisive reasoning
Deductive reasoning
Comparative reasoning
Inductive reasoning
36
As children get older, they may have several _____ that shape their self-image, behavior, values, & attitudes.
ideal selves
looking-glass selves
I and me roles
reference groups
37
Listen closely
Decisive reasoning
comparative reasoning
Inductive reasoning
Deductive reasoning
38
Social statics investigates how _____ while social dynamics investigates _____.
social order explain particular society, indv & societies change over time
how indiv & societies change; principles of social order explain society
how individuals & societies change; interconnections btw institutions.
social order explain particular society, interaction between institutions
39
Which of the following is true about our interpretation of others’ perceptions of us?
They may be totally wrong.
They do not affect our looking-glass self.
They are always completely accurate.
They do not affect our behavior.
40
Norms are best described as
constant across cultures.
always written down.
always flexible.
instrumental.
41
Auguste Comte saw sociology as the scientific study of two aspects of society, namely
history and biography
conventional wisdom and facts
Social statics and social dynamics
ideology and intuition
42
A society’s specific rules of right and wrong behavior are called its
rituals.
zeitgeist
norms
symbols
43
Sociology is fundamentally composed of conventional wisdom.
True
False
44
Harriet Martineau emphasized the importance of
overthrowing the patriarchy by co-opting its beliefs.
letting religion beliefs shape sociological research
systematic data collection and objective data analysis.
using sociological research to strengthen existing social order
45
Mead’s theory - development of the self & role-taking, which statements are characteristic of the preparatory stage?
Children engage in behavior that they rarely associate w/ words or symbols.
Children learn social norms by emulating significant others
Children are able to understand different connections between roles.
Children move beyond imitation and act out imagined roles.
46
Who is most likely to study a sample rather than a population?
Bettye, who is studying first graders at a small, private school
Kaycee, who is studying a newly formed sorority at a southern college
Stanford, who is studying homeless men with substance abuse disorders
Veda, who is studying new hires at a mid-sized store
47
_____ are the standards members of a particular culture define what is good/ bad, moral/immoral, desirable/undesirable
Rituals
Values
Taboos
Language
48
A researcher who wants to _____ would be well advised to use a longitudinal study design.
minimize the amount of time needed to collect data
examine trends in attitudes or behavior
focus on correlation rather than causality
study differences between men and women
49
A(n) _____ is a set of statements that explains why a phenomenon occurs.
theory
analysis
construct
variable
50
Which of the following is an example of a folkway?
Reporting a crime
Saying “please” and “thank you”
Showing up for a court hearing
Following traffic rules
51
Which of the following statements is true of symbols?
They exist only in religions.
They are innately meaningful.
They remain consistent over time.
They distinguish one culture from another.
52
For Marx, _____ is a class system in which conflict between the classes is common and society is anything but cohesive.
fascism
communism
socialism
capitalism
53
_____ maintains that people learn new attitudes, beliefs, & behaviors through interaction with other people.
Conflict strategies
Cultural indoctrination theories
Structural functionalism theories
Social learning theories
54
A(n) _____ sample is each person or thing, like an email address, has an equal chance of being selected; its random
nonprobability
probability
dependent
controlled
55
According to symbolic interaction theories, newborn infants must _____ to develop a sense of self.
differentiate themselves from their environment
acquire the fundamentals of language
observe at least one significant other
form strong social bonds
56
Which statement about the precipitous mood and behavior changes of adolescents is the most accurate?
In the brain- impulse control & planning ahead are the last to mature.
Adolescents raised properly will not experience any problems w/ moodiness.
The part of the brain responsible for processing info is last to mature.
Adolescents have raging hormones - this prohibits impulse control
57
Sociologists help law enforcement identify neighborhoods at risk of increased crime: they use sociological research to
expose myths
shape social policies
Counteract misinformation
explain why people behave irrationally
58
One of the criticisms of feminist theories of culture is that they
examine multicultural variations across groups.
tend to downplay social class inequality.
blame mass media for people’s behavior.
don’t offer a framework that explains how people create culture.
59
Words in English reinforce negative images of race, ethnicity, & gender that create inequality and foster ethnocentrism
innovation theory.
conflict theory.
symbolic interaction theory.
functionalist theory.
60
Which of the following is a strength of field research?
it is artificial
it is intrusive
it is the least expensive data collection method
provides data in describing & understanding behavior in the "real world".
61
Durkheim maintained that, to be scientific, sociology had to study
theoretical correlates
social facts
societal determinants
externalities
62
In a(n) _____, there’s little or no attempt to get a representative cross-section of the population.
convenience sample
independent sample
nonjudgemental sample
nonprobability sample