Social role theory suggests that

social hierarchy and division of labor cause gender differences in power

children under 4 don't understand that its possible to have a false belief.

According to Mona El-Sheikh (2013), which of the following measures will improve children's sleep?

building positive family relationships

Which of the following statements reflects Carol Gilligan's criticism of Kohlberg's theory of moral development?

Kohlberg's theory is the male norm perspective

In the context of theories of cognitive development, unlike Vygotsky, Piaget believed that

cognition primarily directs language.

Which of the following statements about cancer in children is true?

One in every 330 children in the US develops cancer before the age of 19.

Which of the following is among the characteristics of sibling relationships described by Judy Dunn?

There is considerable variation in sibling relationships.

Which of the following is among the criticisms of Lawrence Kohlberg's theory of moral development?

Too much emphasis on moral thought & not enough emphasis on moral behavior.

Emotional and personality development: in middle and late childhood, which of the following is true of self-regulation?

based on deliberate efforts to manage behavior, emotions, & thoughts

Learning disabilities

are not primarily the result of visual, hearing, or motor disabilities.

Harri/Golinkoff/Hirsh-Pasek (2011), which of the following is a key principle in young children's vocabulary development

Children learn the words they hear most often when interacting with others

Advances in the _____ of the brain in middle and late childhood are linked to children's _____.

prefrontal cortex; improved attention, reasoning, and cognitive control

Which of the following scenarios best represents Lev Vygotsky's view of mental and behavioral development?

Teacher helps students with lab work by showing them stuff they don't know

In the context of early childhood education, developmentally appropriate practice emphasizes the

importance of creating settings that encourage active learning w/ interests

Which of the following statements about brain development and early childhood is true?

By age 6, the brain has reached about 95 percent of its adult size.

_____ mothers parenting was linked to toddlers lower emotional competence, while _____ mothers' parenting was associate

emotion-dismissing; emotion-coaching

The zone of proximal development (ZPD) is Vygotsky's term for

Range of tasks too difficult to master alone, but can be learned with help

Studies support the conclusion that gifted people tend to be

more mature, fewer emotional issues, grow up in positive families

Martha is writing about cardiovascular disease in children. Which is a true statement that could be her introduction?

Cardiovascular disease is uncommon in children.

Which of the following is true about childhood maltreatment?

Stress/substance/various factors may contribute to child maltreatment.

Which of the following statements is true regarding short-term memory?

One method of assessing short-term memory is the memory-span task.

Which of the following statements about parental smoking is true?

Kids are at risk for health problems if they live where parent smokes.

According to Piaget: Parent-child relations = less likely to advance moral reasoning than peer relations because:

parents often hand down rules in an authoritarian way.

Maribel's children experience less effective parenting than Kim's children.

Which of the following statements is true regarding Piaget's preoperational stage of cognitive development?

children begin to represent the world with words, images, and drawings.

Which of the following statements about the development of self-understanding in children is true?

Self-understanding becomes more complex in middle and late childhood.

In the context of theories of cognitive development, unlike Vygotsky, Piaget believed that

cognition primarily directs language.

Which of the following is true of Head Start programs?

They provide for low-income families.

Which of the following statements represents the current thinking among a number of experts in the field of reading?

Direct instruction in phonics is a key aspect of learning to read.

(Bronstein, 2006) yielded which of the following conclusions about parental influences on children's gender development?

Fathers put more effort into promoting sons' intelligence than daughters'

Boys have greater bio vulnerability for learning disabilities than girls.

Study found that girls' perception that teachers had gendered expectations favoring boys over girls was linked to:

girls having more negative math beliefs and lower math achievement.

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UEDU Exam 2 - Full

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Questions 75

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1
(Krisnana & others, 2020) revealed that the _____ parenting style was associated with being a bully perpetrator.
neglectful
indulgent
authoritative
authoritarian
2
Social role theory suggests that
social hierarchy and division of labor cause gender differences in power
social roles are chosen, not determined
mother and father roles are socially constructed
nature determines differences between the social labels that we call gender
3
__ involves a sense of one's own gender, including knowledge, understanding, and acceptance of being male or female.
Gender identity
Gender role
Gender typing
Gender labeling
4
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children refer to cognitive states earlier than they refer to desires.
5 year olds believe behaviors don't always reflect their thoughts and feel
3-year-old children have a deepening appreciation of the mind.
children under 4 don't understand that its possible to have a false belief.
5
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controversial
popular
rejected
average
6
By the time children are 11 years old, their vocabulary has increased to approximately
200,000 words.
100,000 words.
40,000 words.
10,000 words.
7
According to CDC which is the most common cause of accidental death in young children in the US (2015)
homicide
suffocation
deformations
drowning
8
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problem solving
authoritarian discipline
communication
affective responsiveness
9
According to Mona El-Sheikh (2013), which of the following measures will improve children's sleep?
ensuring that they do not listen to music before sleeping
allowing them to try out different bedtimes and wake times
ensuring that the bedroom is warm and bright
building positive family relationships
10
Which of the following statements reflects Carol Gilligan's criticism of Kohlberg's theory of moral development?
Kohlberg sees individuals as products of family process
Kohlberg's theory doesn't capture much of moral reasoning in other cultures
Kohlberg places too much emphasis on moral behavior and not thought
Kohlberg's theory is the male norm perspective
11
In the context of theories of cognitive development, unlike Vygotsky, Piaget believed that
cognition primarily directs language.
language plays a powerful role in shaping thought.
education plays a central role in helping kids learn the tools of culture.
children construct knowledge through social interaction.
12
Which of the following statements about cancer in children is true?
Cancer is the leading cause of death in children in the United States.
The most common cancer in children in the United States is lung cancer
One in every 330 children in the US develops cancer before the age of 19.
Children with cancer are surviving for a shorter period than in the past.
13
Which of the following is among the characteristics of sibling relationships described by Judy Dunn?
There is no observable variation in sibling relationships.
Most siblings report that they do not really know each other very well.
Most children have predominantly negative feelings toward their siblings.
There is considerable variation in sibling relationships.
14
Which of the following is among the criticisms of Lawrence Kohlberg's theory of moral development?
There is no emphasis on the need for justice in matters of morality.
Compassion is given too much importance in Kohlberg's theory.
Too much emphasis on moral thought & not enough emphasis on moral behavior.
Kohlberg's theory is based on the prevention of suffering of others.
15
The CDC has categories for weight that are determined by Body Mass Index. Kids at or above 97th % are classified as:
overweight
at risk of being overweight
obese
malnourished
16
"I know that I will be able to learn the material in this class" and "I expect to be able to do well at this activity."
high self-esteem
low self-efficacy
low self-esteem
high self-efficacy
17
Emotional and personality development: in middle and late childhood, which of the following is true of self-regulation?
based on deliberate efforts to manage behavior, emotions, & thoughts
It leads to decreased social competence and achievement.
High self-regulation is linked to higher levels of deviant behavior.
Low self-regulation = narrowing gap in low-SES children's emotional probs.
18
Olivia is 3. Obsessed with toy train & names Max. Spills milk and blames Max to avoid trouble. What is this?
centration.
animism.
egocentrism.
conservation.
19
__ psychologists say that men have changed over time to have dispositions that favor violence/competition/risk taking
Social learning
Behavioral
Psychoanalytic
Evolutionary
20
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rebellious behavior.
sex-typed behavior.
inappropriate behavior.
gender confusion.
21
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preoperational stage
concrete operational stage
sensorimotor stage
formal operational stage
22
Learning disabilities
Learning disabilities
do not involve understanding or using spoken language.
are primarily the result of inadequate intellectual functioning.
are not primarily the result of visual, hearing, or motor disabilities.
23
Ruth is 3, draws a picture with purple/blue mixed with green, yellow, brown. "A boat at sunset with whales!" Which term?
the intuitive thought substage
conservation
the symbolic function substage
animism
24
Harri/Golinkoff/Hirsh-Pasek (2011), which of the following is a key principle in young children's vocabulary development
Children learn words best if grammar &vocabulary are given less emphasis.
Children learn words more passively.
Children learn the words they hear most often when interacting with others
Children learn new words more effectively when new words are isolated
25
Advances in the _____ of the brain in middle and late childhood are linked to children's _____.
occipital lobe; improved spatial skills
prefrontal cortex; improved attention, reasoning, and cognitive control
parietal lobe; peripheral vision
temporal lobe; hand-eye coordination and pincer grasp
26
Which of the following scenarios best represents Lev Vygotsky's view of mental and behavioral development?
Teacher waits for students to come up with good answers to questions
Teacher helps students with lab work by showing them stuff they don't know
Instructor offers standardized tests to students to evaluate mental ability
A teacher assigns challenging tasks that students must complete alone
27
In the context of early childhood education, developmentally appropriate practice emphasizes the
education of the whole child & concern for their wellness
the content of learning rather than the process of learning.
importance of giving kids freedom & choice allow them to move as desired
importance of creating settings that encourage active learning w/ interests
28
Which of the following statements about brain development and early childhood is true?
The brain of a 5-year-old is 60 percent the size of an adult brain.
By the time a child is 3 years, the brain is 25 percent of its adult size.
By age 6, the brain has reached about 95 percent of its adult size.
The development that occurs inside the brain ends at adolescence.
29
_____ mothers parenting was linked to toddlers lower emotional competence, while _____ mothers' parenting was associate
emotion-dismissing; emotion-coaching
indulging; authoritarian
authoritarian; indulgent
emotion-coaching; emotion-dismissing
30
The zone of proximal development (ZPD) is Vygotsky's term for
Range of tasks too difficult to master alone, but can be learned with help
variety of work a child can do with ease at a stage of cognitive dev.
Nature and nurture - learning ability
a young adult's cognitive dev.achieved through interaction with children.
31
Studies support the conclusion that gifted people tend to be
less mature, more emotional issues, grow up in negative families
less mature, have fewer emotional issues, grow up in positive families
more mature, fewer emotional issues, grow up in positive families
more mature, more emotional issues, grow up in negative families
32
When adults work w/kids, they provide hints & support so kids can succeed. As kids do more alone, adults stop. This is:
zone of proximal development.
development of conservational abilities.
process of centration.
enhancement of intuitive reasoning.
33
Martha is writing about cardiovascular disease in children. Which is a true statement that could be her introduction?
Cardiovascular disease is nonexistent in children.
Cardiovascular disease is on the decline in children.
Cardiovascular disease is highly prevalent in children.
Cardiovascular disease is uncommon in children.
34
Which of the following is true about childhood maltreatment?
Stress/substance/various factors may contribute to child maltreatment.
Violence on television does not impact the violence we see in families.
Two-thirds of parents who are abused go on to abuse their own children.
Childhood maltreatment can be caused by a single factor.
35
Which of the following statements is true regarding short-term memory?
Short-term memory involves memory of significant events/experiences.
Autobiographical memories have been extensively studied in research
In short-term memory, individuals retain information for up to 5 minutes
One method of assessing short-term memory is the memory-span task.
36
Which of the following statements about parental smoking is true?
Most children and adolescents in the US are exposed to smoke in their homes
Kids exposed to smoke are more likely to develop asthma compared to non
Parental smoking = leading cause of death in US kids.
Kids are at risk for health problems if they live where parent smokes.
37
According to Piaget: Parent-child relations = less likely to advance moral reasoning than peer relations because:
parents often hand down rules in an authoritarian way.
peer groups immediately mete out punishments for rule breaking.
peers are less likely to allow negotiation and reasoning about broken rules
parents are inconsistent in delivering the consequences for broken rules.
38
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boundary ambiguity.
coregulation.
unilateral control.
latchkey control.
39
Ben (12) judges the goodness of behavior by considering its consequences, not the intentions of the actor - He would be:
pragmatist.
authoritarian.
autonomous moralist.
heteronomous moralist.
40
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both Maribel's and Kim's children are likely to do poorly in school.
Kim's children experience less effective parenting than Maribel's children.
Maribel's children experience less effective parenting than Kim's children.
neither children will be negatively affected by their mothers' jobs.
41
Which of the following statements is true regarding Piaget's preoperational stage of cognitive development?
This stage lasts from approximately 3 months to 2 years of age.
a child can perform operations independently without adult supervision.
This stage involves the ability to use deductive reasoning.
children begin to represent the world with words, images, and drawings.
42
Which of the following statements about the development of self-understanding in children is true?
Kids self-understanding in childhood includes separating self from others
8-11 years, self understanding is focused on physical characteristics
Self-understanding becomes more complex in middle and late childhood.
In elementary, children are less likely to notice social aspects of self
43
In the context of theories of cognitive development, unlike Vygotsky, Piaget believed that
cognition primarily directs language.
children construct knowledge through social interaction.
language plays a powerful role in shaping thought.
education plays a central role in helping children learn culture.
44
Which of the following is true of Head Start programs?
They focus on children of a particular ethnic origin.
They provide for low-income families.
They are funded by private corporate sectors.
They have a negative effect on young children's language development.
45
Which of the following statements represents the current thinking among a number of experts in the field of reading?
Direct instruction in phonics is a key aspect of learning to read.
The morphological approach is the best way to teach reading.
The whole-language approach & phonics approach are equally effective
Direct instruction in the whole-language approach is a key aspect
46
(Bronstein, 2006) yielded which of the following conclusions about parental influences on children's gender development?
Mothers place more restrictions on sons autonomy than on daughters .
Fathers put more effort into promoting sons' intelligence than daughters'
Fathers engage in more activities with their daughters than with their sons
Mothers socialize sons to be more obedient and responsible than daughters
47
UEDU Exam 2 - Part 3
Girls' education is given priority in schools and homes.
Boys have greater bio vulnerability for learning disabilities than girls.
Girls are more likely to be referred by teachers for treatment than boys.
Learning disabilities are more difficult to detect in boys than in girls.
48
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time children spent indoors
children s sports participation
the number of physical activity facilities near their home
parents encouragement of physical activity
49
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PTSD
OCD
EMDR
ADHD
50
Study found that girls' perception that teachers had gendered expectations favoring boys over girls was linked to:
generally negative attitudes toward each other.
girls having more negative math beliefs and lower math achievement.
generally negative attitudes toward teachers.
generally negative attitudes toward boys.
51
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interpersonal
spatial
practical
analytical
52
Lempers, Flavell, and Flavell's research on perception notes that by 2 years of age, children recognize:
they can understand complex topics
they can be more patient
you can feel differently than others
another person will see what's in front of their own eyes, not the child's
53
Ella (8) can use scissors to cut out small paper dolls, something she couldn't do before. What best accounts for change?
increased myelination of the central nervous system
increased muscle development
increased cortical thickening in the temporal lobe
increased bone ossification
54
Which of the following is true of the consequences of low self-esteem in children?
Its been implicated in obesity, anxiety, depression, suicide, delinquency.
Translates into an arrogant, grandiose, unwarranted sense of superiority
It makes children prone to both prosocial and antisocial actions.
It reflects accurate perceptions of their worth.
55
Lawrence Kohlberg studied moral development by
identifying personality type related to high & low self-esteem in children.
presenting kids with stories in which characters face moral dilemmas.
interviewing families about how they have taught morals
observing children interact with each other when they were in conflict.
56
The inability to distinguish between one's own perspective and someone else's perspective is known as
animism.
symbolism.
egocentrism.
empathy.
57
Diego is 3. Mom pours juice in two glasses. Sister has taller glass. Diego cries because he thinks she has more-This is:
egocentrism.
imitation.
animism.
centration.
58
Nathan is 4 & good at stacking blocks to make tall structures but he knocks them down sometimes. Why?
His coordination skills are not developing normally for his age.
His gross motor skills are underdeveloped.
Tries to perfectly stack, upsetting those already stacked.
He is showing signs of dyslexia.
59
(Kenneth Dodge) Aggressive boys = more likely to perceive another's actions as hostile when:
their aggressive responses can be exercised discreetly.
the child's intention is ambiguous.
the child presents himself or herself as a weak and gullible victim.
their self-esteem is challenged.
60
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indulgent parent.
authoritative parent.
authoritarian parent.
neglectful parent.
61
Research has demonstrated that trauma associated with community violence exposure (CVE) can be caused by:
witnessing someone else's victimization by violence
direct victimization of violence
hearing about someone elseâ s victimization by violence
excessive viewing of fictional TV violence
62
(John Coie) which of the following is a reason why aggressive, peer-rejected boys have problems in social relationships?
They are more impulsive and have problems sustaining attention.
They receive an average number of peer positive and negative nominations
They are less emotionally reactive.
They are unappreciated by their parents and teachers.
63
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Violent TV cartoons caused the increased aggression here
Exposure to TV violence caused the aggression in the children here
The cause of aggression cannot be determined
Preschool children are naturally more aggressive than older children.
64
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Moral development
Moral integrity
Independence
Emotion regulation
65
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Asperger syndrome
ADHD
Autistic disorder
ICF syndrome
66
Diana Baumrind's parenting styles: Children w/ authoritative parents differ from authoritarian parents in that:
cope poorly with stress.
are more achievement-oriented.
are more likely to be overweight or obese.
are more anxious about comparing themselves to others.
67
It is considered difficult to create culture-fair intelligence tests because they
use only standardized test items familiar to all test takers.
predominantly test the nonverbal skills of the test taker.
reflect the cultures of some test takers more than others.
consider the values that are common to all test takers.
68
Which of the following is the first stage of Piaget's theory of moral development?
heteronomous morality
initiative versus guilt
autonomy versus shame and doubt
autonomous morality
69
Diego is 3. Mom pours juice in two glasses. Sister has taller glass. Diego cries because he thinks she has more. This is
animism.
egocentrism.
centration.
imitation.
70
Peer competence in middle and late childhood has been linked to
better satisfaction in marriage in early adulthood.
better relationships with coworkers in early adulthood.
better job performance in middle adulthood.
less depression in middle adulthood.
71
_ is a process that helps to explain how young children learn the connection between a word and its referent so quickly.
Vertical thinking
Centration
Fast mapping
Conservation
72
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inclusion
brainstorming
metacognition
elaboration
73
Which of the following statements about children who are bilingual is true?
Bilingual kids have larger vocab in each language compared to monolings
Bilingual kids have lower cognitive flexibility
Bilingual kids are less conscious of language structures
Bilingual kids are better at analytical reasoning
74
Toby is 3. Parents are concerned because he's very active, even when doing calm activities. What should they do?
They should have him tested for attention deficit disorder.
To help him develop his attention span.
They should avoid panicking, as his behavior is normal for kids in his age.
They should enroll him in a behavior modification program.
75
Nicole is 3, goes to Montessori school. Which of the following is likely true of Nicole's teachers?
They will act as directors rather than facilitators.
They will make all the decisions for her.
They ensure Nicole picks activities they believe are important
They will show her how to perform intellectual activities.

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