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Earth and Space Science semester 1 review Flashcards | StudBud
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Earth and Space Science semester 1 review
Earth and Space Science semester 1 review
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Comprehensive review of Unit 1-3 of HMH Earth and Space Science.
Flashcards
91 cards
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Practice quiz
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Questions
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Answers
1
Sedimentary rock is
A rock formed by layers of sediments, compacted and cemented
A rock that formed by heat and pressure
A rock that falls from the sky.
A rock formed by cooling magma.
2
Are all rocks minerals?
yes
no
sometimes
3
Unstable nuclei decay over time into stable nuclei by releasing particles and energy
Phosphorescence
Radioactivity
Double Refraction
Density
4
Which list of properties is used to identify minerals?
luster, streak, color, hardness
state of matter, color, streak, luster
streak, hardness, luster, temperature
color, luster, moisture, streak
5
What is the major source of energy that heats the Earth?
Geothermal energy
The sun
Fossil fuels
Volcanoes
6
What is reclamation?
Restoration of disturbed lands
Draining the marshes
The creation of reservoirs
Mineral fertilization in the soil
7
The earth's "spheres" are systems that
are intertwined
are completely separate
include the atmosphere and biosphere
have greenhouse gases
8
What are the four major biogeochemical cycles?
Hydrologic, Carbon, Nitrogen, Sulfur
Hydrologic, Carbon, Nitrogen, Potassium
Hydrologic, Carbon, Nitrogen, Phosphorus
Hydrologic, Carbon, Sulfur, Phosphorus
9
Biogeochemical cycling involves what?
Biological, geological, and physical interactions
Biological, geological, and chemical interactions
Biological, chemical and environmental interactions
Biological, environmental, and physical interactions
10
How does photosynthesis affect the atmosphere?
removes nitrogen and emits carbon dioxide
removes oxygen and emits carbon dioxide
removes nitrogen and emits oxygen
removes carbon dioxide and emits oxygen
11
Define Lithification
States that those rocks are younger than the layers they cut through.
The age of a rock compared to the ages of other rocks.
The process through which sediment turns into rock.
The age of a rock given as the number of years since the rock formed.
12
Which of the following is an example of an interaction between the hydrosphere and geosphere?
A fish swimming in water
A cow breathing in the air
A dog drinking a rain puddle
Rain infiltrating into a mountain
13
Which 2 biogeochemical cycles depend on photosynthesis for part of the recycling process?
Water and Nitrogen
Water and Oxygen
Carbon and Nitrogen
Carbon and Oxygen
14
The water cycle begins with
Precipitation
Condensation
It's a cycle--it has no beginning/end!
Evaporation
15
What part of earth gets the most sunlight?
equator
Hawaii
south pole
north pole
16
Which layer contains the Ozone layer?
troposphere
Mesosphere
earth
Stratosphere
17
is geothermal energy sustainable?
no in drilling yes in transport
Yes in drilling no in transport
Mabey
No
18
What drives continental drift
Convection currents
Contusion currents
Concussion currents
Conduction curents
19
A carbon sink is...
carbon that is removed from long term storage
a store of carbon that absorbs less carbon than it releases
carbon that falls to the ocean floor
a store of carbon that absorbs more carbon than it releases
20
Describe the process by which radiation heats the Earth.
The atmosphere absorbs the suns rays and reflects them
molecules collide to heat Earth
radiation transfers energy through a flow of energy
The sun transfers energy through electromagnetic waves
21
What is an interaction between the atmosphere and hydrosphere?
Waves crash on the surface of the beach
Water evaporates forming a cloud
Squirrel falls in water
Grass absorbs water
22
What can Solar Cells also be known as?
Energy Cells
Phenomenon Chemical Cells
Solar Voltaic
Photo Voltaic Cells
23
What is the purpose of a topographic map?
provide information about geologic processes
determine the location and extent of urban areas
assess the human impact upon environmentally sensitive areas
display elevation and terrain by the use of contours
24
In a closed system:
Energy can not come and go, nor can matter
Nothing can go anywhere, ever.
Energy may come and go but matter cannot
Energy can come and go, so can matter
25
What primary benefit of LED lights over standard light bulbs in terms of natural resources
fewer fossil fuels need to be extracted
LEDs are cheaper to produce than standard light bulbs.
At the same wattage, LEDs produce fewer harmful lumens
26
solar collectors are either _______ or _______.
Nonconcentrating or Concentrating
Passive or Active
Renewable or Nonrewable
27
Which of these is an interaction between the hydrosphere and the atmosphere
roots of plants hold onto soil
desert dust is blown into the air
wind makes waves
algae grow in the ocean
28
How do Scientists use Ice Core samples?
CO2 trapped in the bubbles gives a pattern of warming
They count the bubbles
They chop it up and chill their Coke
Oxygen isotopes can be read from the ice itself
29
Fossil Fuels
ancient remains of plants and animals
a form by carving, casting, or other shaping techniques
Coal, oil, natural gas, and other fuels
object from poured molten metal or other materal into a mold
30
What are the 3 rock groups?
Igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary
all the above
metamorphic, and sedimentary Igneous,
sedimentary, Igneous,and metamorphic,
31
On a topographic map, contour lines that form a circle indicate a(n) ____.
ocean
hill
lake
32
Which type of solar heating involves a solar collector?
Active
Passive
33
Solar energy is a challenge because
both A & B
it doesn't work
B)the set up is expensive
A)the sun is not always shining(night time & cloudy days)
34
What is hydroelectic power fueled by?
Heat.
Steam.
Water.
Wind.
35
Which of the following may decrease temperatures by reflecting sunlight back into space?
global warming
volcanic activity
orbital change
sea level change
36
Which is an example of hydrosphere interacting with geosphere?
When droplets of rain hits the ocean
A glacier melting on to a piece of land
A river eroding the land along it
A plant decomposing
37
Radiation that is not absorbed by earth's surface reflects off and is referred to as...
scattering
wavelength
reflection
albedo
38
What are Earth's four systems?
biosphere, atmosphere, geosphere ,lithosphere
geosphere, biosphere, hydrosphere atmosphere
hydrosphere, lithosphere, asthenosphere, atmosphere
asthenosphere, biosphere, geosphere atmosphere
39
What causes coral bleaching ?
colder water temperature
high sea levels
droughts
warmer water temperature
40
Earth is ESSENTIALLY what kind of system?
Complex
Open
Ridiculous
Closed
41
Geothermal Energy is...
Both
Renewable
Nether
Nonrenewable
42
HOW MUCH OXYGEN AND NITROGEN DO WE BREATH??
21% OXYGEN & 78% NITROGEN
78% OXYGEN & 21% NITROGEN
43
Nearly what percent of radiation is absorbed by the earth?
60%
75%
15%
50%
44
Geothermal energy is
only found in the United States
extinict and not used anymore
heat captured from the center or the earth
can only be used to heat houses
45
The hardest mineral is.....
diamond
talc
calcite
graphite
46
The color of a mineral in powdered form.
streak
cleavage
luster
color
47
Fossil fuels are renewable
True
False
48
Why is Earth a closed system?
Waste do not "go away"
It is not part of a solar system
Resources are finite
Global Warming
49
Hydrosphere...
All liquid water on earth
All living organisms on earth
Layer of gasses surrounding earth.
Earths solid body.
50
Placer deposits are found where deposition occurs throughout a rivers course and on beaches.
True
False
51
photovoltaic cell is
cotton
a device that can change light energy into electricity
water
52
Heat from the sun that heats the Earth is called
Radiation
Convection
Insulating
Consrvation
53
What is a mineral?
It has a definite crystalline structure.
It is an inorganic solid.
All of the above
It is naturally formed.
54
About 75% of the human-caused emissions of CO2 since 1980 are due to fossil fuel burning
False
True
55
Nonfoliated rocks __________.
are not classified as metamorphic
are formed only in the northern hemisphere
are metamorphic and exhibit layering
are metamorphic but do not exhibit layering
56
Atmosphere...
All living organisms on earth
All liquid water on earth.
Earths solid body
Layer of gasses surrounding earth
57
What kind of system is the earth?
Closed
Open
Complex
Simple
58
what is oxygen
air
ty
cow
water
59
Which one of these are not metamorphic rock?
Granulite
Quartzite
Feldspar
Calinte
60
What does the Ozone Layer do?
Protects us from meteors
Protects us from ultra violet sunlight
It helps us breathe
Protects us from aliens
61
The water that falls from the Atmosphere to the Hydrosphere
Groundwater
Transpiration
Precipitation
Condensation
62
What is metamorphism?
when an exsisting rock is changed due to heat and pressure.
occus when a rock is melted.
63
Define: Sedimentary Rock
Form particle from rock or remain plant/animal press cement
Forms the cooling of molten rock at or below the surface
Form from rock that changed heat pressure chemical reaction
Form particle from grain or remain plant/flower press cement
64
The Nitrogen cycle includes the...
...atmosphere, biosphere, and lithosphere.
...atmosphere, lithosphere, and hydrosphere.
...hydrosphere and atmosphere ONLY.
...biosphere and lithosphere ONLY.
65
Define: Metamorphic Rock
Form from rock that changed heat pressure chemical reaction
Form particle from rock or remain plant/animal press cement
Forms the cooling of molten rock at or below the surface
Form from rock that changed cool tempuratures
66
Humans have impacted the biogeochemical cycles of the earth by...
cutting down forests
all of these
driving more cars that burn fossil fuels
making more factories
67
What is Transpiration?
the loss of water evaporating into air through a plant.
haha you fell for it
what are you talking about
pick blue
68
Why is wind energy a challenge?
C) how to harness the energy
A) wind is too strong
B) it's not always windy
69
What is the ozone layer?
A layer in the earth
Protects you from cancer
A layer in the atmosphere that blocks out UV rays
Tells you that you should put sun block on
70
Define: Luster
A string of islands
The way a mineral reflects light from its surface
Said of a volocano
The way a mineral reflects color from its surface
71
Hot materials rise inside Earth's mantle by the process of convection. Why?
Their volume decreases and their density increases.
Their volume increases and their density increases.
They expand and their density decreases.
They contract and their density decreases.
72
How does geothermal energy work?
Extracting heat from the earths crust
Using a wind thingy to generate energy
Extracting water from the earth
extracting co2 from the atmosphere
73
Which of the cycles does NOT include decomposition?
water
nitrogen
phosphorus
carbon
74
Result of a parcel-environment instability, or temperature difference, layer in the atmosphere.
climate change
atmospheric convection
meterological data
75
In this diagram of the water cycle, water returns to the atmosphere by the process of
Evaporation
Precipitation
Run-off
Condensation
76
Define: Cleavage
A mineral's ability to split hardily along flat surface.
A mineral to split along flat surface.
A mineral's ability to split along flat surface.
A mineral's ability to split easily along flat surface.
77
What is The Rock Cycle?
a solid inorganic substance of natural occurrence.
processes in the earth's layers that change rocks.
Yummy! it looks like spinning cookies!
the cycle of processes by which water circulates.
78
Igneous rock are made of___________.
erosion
rain/water
uplifting
magma/lava
79
earth is a closed system
True
False
80
What belongs to the biosphere?
All life on Earth
All the gases in the air
All the water on Earth
Earth's crust and all materials
81
A constraint is
A requirement
A limitation
A very fancy word
A suggestion
82
The sun heats the Earth by
radiation
touching it
reflection
83
Makes up 77% of the Earth's atmosphere.
water vapor
nitrogen
oxygen
carbon dioxide
84
How does the water cycle interact with the atmosphere?
precipitation moves majority of water in atmosphere
majority of water cycle takes place in the atmosphere
evaporation removes the majority of water out of atmosphere
majority of water moves into the atmosphere by infiltration
85
The rock cycle is un-ending.
True
False
86
Nitrogen makes up 78% of Earth's ____________
ocean
crust
atmosphere
living things
87
Biogeochemical cycles connect biological, geological, and chemical aspects of the biosphere
true
false
the carbonera cycle
the water cycle
88
Which of the following is the biggest carbon reservoir (sink)?
The ocean
Fossil fuels
Rock in the Earth's crust
The atmosphere
89
Most of the oxygen in the Earth's atmosphere was produced by...
Digestion
Photosynthesis
A big explosion
Metabolism
90
What happens during transpiration?
snow is lease into the air
CO 2 is realse into the air
hail is release into the air
water vapor is release into the air
91
Regional Metamorphism occurs with....
High Heat
High Presure
Low pressure and High heat
High heat and pressure
