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AP Exam Review
AP Exam Review
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A basic review over all material covered in AP Psychology used to prepare for the AP Exam.
Flashcards
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1
Anhedonia is when a person...
experiences mild manic states
has two different psychological disorders
has trouble getting along with people
has difficulty experiencing pleasure
2
Inferences that people draw about the causes of their and other's behavior are known as..
self-serving bias
stereotypes
attributions
prejudices
3
The decrease in individual effort exerted by group members when working together on a task is..
social loafing
conformity
deindividuation
group polarization
4
According to the James-Lange theory, one's conscious experience of emotion occurs..
simultaneously with autonomic arousal
independently of autonomic arousal
before autonomic arousal
after autonomic arousal
5
The amygdala plays a role in the modulation of which emotion?
surprise
happiness
sadness
fear
6
Yielding to real or imagined social pressure defines...
conformity
cognitive dissonance
obedience
groupthink
7
____ measure general mental ability while ___ measure various aspects of people (values, etc).
intelligence; standardized
personality; standardized
intelligence; personality
standardized; intelligence
8
When people overestimate the frequency of violent crimes because these events are on TV, they..
are using the representativeness heuristic
use the elimination by aspects strategy
use a holistic decision model
are using the availability heuristic
9
Potty training is a key challenge in which of Erikson's stages of development?
industry vs. inferiority
trust vs. mistrust
autonomy vs. shame & doubt
initiative vs. guilt
10
Learning to crawl is an example of which motor development sequence?
the cephalocaudal trend
encephalitis
the proximodistal trend
the cephalopedal trend
11
What is not a characteristic of groupthink?
censoring information that contradicts the group's views
censoring dissent from group members
dividing the world into the ingroup & outgroup
gathering all the relevant information (pros & cons)
12
Aggression is often a behavioral response to stressors involving...
pressure
change
conflict
frustration
13
Unusually vivid and detailed recollections of momentous events are called...
episodic memories
non-declarative memories
flashbulb memories
sensory memories
14
The assumption of a preoperational child that a car is moving because she is in it demonstrates
egocentrism
reversibility
centration
conservation
15
A person who loses memories of events that occur following a head injury is experiencing...
pseudoforgetting
retroactive interference
anterograde amnesia
retrograde amnesia
16
PTSD is an example of what kind of disorder?
schizophrenic
mood
personality
anxiety
17
Which type of intelligence involves the ability to apply acquired knowledge in problem solving?
crystallized
episodic
fluid
procedural
18
A student's organized set of expectations on how a professor should act is an example of a..
chunk
schema
semantic network
script
19
Which of the following statements is the best example of telegraphic speech?
I eated a cookie
i wanted a cookie
cookie
give cookie
20
The deepest level of processing which involves emphasizing the meaning of words is known as...
dyadic encoding
attention encoding
the semantic level of encoding
the triarchic level of encoding
21
According to the notion of semantic networks, which word pair should be linked most closely?
car-nose
tree-bird
boat-goat
fill-feed
22
The fundamental attribution error leads observers to attribute crime in poor neighborhoods to..
job discrimination experienced by the residents
the personal qualities of the residents
poor police protection
crowded living conditions
23
The gambler's fallacy reflects the influence of the...
representativeness heuristic
conjunction heuristic
law of small numbers
availability heuristic
24
Cohort effects are most closely associated with which research design?
sequential
time of testing
longitundinal
cross-sectional
25
The function of sensory memory is to...
hold sensory impressions long enough for transfer
put information into long-term memory
hold information for a lifetime
hold the immediate perception of what was perceived
26
Rehearsal is most beneficial for maintaining information in _______ memory.
intermediate-term
sensory
short-term
long-term
27
The sickly child who becomes a forceful, physically active adult demonstrates what Adler called
compensation
fixation
displacement
regression
28
The largely unconscious reactions used to protect us from guilt and anxiety are known as...
id mechanisms
defense mechanisms
coping mechanisms
offense mechanisms
29
Alice has a dog phobia, and is being told to completely relax and imagine a dog. This is...
systematic desensitization
psychotherapy
avoidance therapy
aversion therapy
30
You see a female VP being pushy/aggressive, and then assume all female VPs are this way, which
demonstrates an illusory correlation
a self-serving attribution
a contravened stereotype
a heuristic observation
31
A father suggests that his son's low marks are due to the child's laziness. He has made...
a distinctive attribution
an internal attribution
a situational attribution
an external attribution
32
If a psychological test intends to tell you how you score relative to others, they must develop
test norms
test scores
test scales
test levels
33
Most explanations for the Flynn effect revolve around...
genetic influences on IQ
changes in testing procedures
a variety of environmental factors
group differences in basic intelligence
34
Substances such as viruses and drugs that can harm a developing fetus are known as...
prenatals
teratogens
opiates
pathogens
35
If a teacher gives an exam with questions that were not covered in class, the test lacks..
standardized validity
criterion-related validity
content validity
predictive validity
36
When a choice must be made between two unattractive goals, you are experiencing...
an approach-avoidance conflict
an approach-approach conflict
a risk-aversion conflict
an avoidance-avoidance conflict
37
In relation to age, which of the following does not belong with the others?
autonomy vs. shame & doubt
formal operations
development of secondary sex characteristics
post-conventional moral reasoning
38
The superego is Freud's term for...
the biological impulses that drive behavior
the moral component of personality
the mediating agent between the id and ego
the conscious aspect of personality
39
The last are of the brain to fully mature in late adolescence or early adulthood is the...
hypothalamus
occipital cortex
prefrontal cortex
medulla
40
The facial feedback hypothesis suggests that...
other people can identify your emotions by your expressions
a facial expression is just a sign of internal feelings
you can affect how you feel by making a certain expression
the internal state causes the facial expression
41
The area of psychology referring to mental processes or thinking is known as...
introspection
intelligence
mentalism
cognition
42
Jay used to say "mikk", but now says "milk" properly, meaning he has made gains in the use of..
morphemes
syntax
linguistic heuristics
phonemes
43
The most optimistic view of human nature is found in the ________ approach.
psychoanalytic
cognitive
humanistic
behavioral
44
According to Freud, nail-biting may be evidence of fixation at the _____ stage of development.
genital
oral
anal
latency
45
Widely held beliefs about groups of people based on their group membership defines...
cultural direction
schematizing
cognitive structuring
stereotypes
46
Dave washes his hands 50 times a day, even when they're not dirty. This is an example of..
a compulsion
a delusion
a phobia
an obsession
47
A personality measure that asks you to respond freely to an ambiguous stimulus (ex. inkblot) is
a deceptive test
a projective test
a self-report inventory
a behavior rating
48
The ability to generate ideas that are original, novel, and useful defines...
creativity
reasoning
insight
intelligence
49
If Jane used an external attribution to explain why her son got into a fight, she would say...
the other boy started it and he was defending himself
he can't help himself since he doesn't have self-control
he always gets in fights
he's just like his father
50
The test you are currently taking is an example of what kind of test?
an aptitude test
an achievement test
an intelligence test
a personality test
51
A person who perceives stimuli that aren't there is said to have...
delusions
obsessions
illusions
hallucinations
52
Mary Ainsworth's strategy for studying infant attachment is known as the __________ procedure.
secure-avoidant
strange situation
shared inhibition
attachment probing
53
Diffusion of responsibility refers to the...
halo effect in aggression
basis for performing pro-social behavior
assumption others will take responsibility;bystander effect
loss of identity one experiences in mob violence
54
Which of the following disorders/issues would be least likely to be treated by a psychiatrist?
anxiety disorders
marital problems
schizophrenia
bipolar disorder
55
The characteristic mood, activity level, and emotional reactivity of an infant is their...
personality
attachment
temperament
behavioral quality
56
In which level of processing is an emphasis placed on the sounds of words?
phonemic
mnemonic
morphemic
platonic
57
Free association and dream analysis were held to be major methods to discover the makeup of...
the unconscious
maladaptive behaviors
irrational thoughts
the conscious
58
Homeostasis is a state of...
psychological instability
psychological stability
physiological instability
physiological stability
59
The idea that we should pay back in kind what we receive from others is known as the..
the principle of collectivism
display rules
the reciprocity norm
the law of cognitive dissonance
60
The Binet-Simon scale of intelligence expressed a child's score in terms of...
IQ
mental age
a percentile score
a potential score
61
Failure to actively seek out contrary evidence may lead to...
overestimating the improbable
the confirmation bias
the conjunction fallacy
the gambler's fallacy
62
Putting group goals ahead of personal goals & defining one's identity in terms of the group is
functionalism
individualism
attributionism
collectivism
63
Expectations about what is appropriate behavior for each sex most accurately describes...
gender roles
gender stereotypes
gender behaviors
gender differences
64
The hypothalamus communicates with the endocrine system by way of the..
sebaceous gland
thyroid gland
pancreas
pituitary gland
65
What is cognitive dissonance?
feeling of discomfort experienced by receivers of persuasion
occurs only when cognitions are unrelated
feelings of guilt produced by acting against your conscience
a state of tension produced by inconsistent cognitions
66
According to the medical model...
all mental illnesses are caused by biological factors
all mental illnesses can be treated using drugs
abnormal behavior can be thought of as a disease
all physical illnesses have a psychological component
67
Cultural norms that determine which facial expressions are appropriate for what occasions are..
parental investments
investment differentiations
social scripts
display rules
68
What kind of validity do the ACT and SAT strive for?
criterion-related
absolute
content
construct
69
Depression is an example of a _____ mood disorder.
dissociative
cyclical
unipolar
bipolar
70
In Milgram's study of obedience, subjects...
were put into a simulated prison
became the recipient of painful electric shocks
were ordered to deliver painful shocks to a stranger
indicated which of 3 lines matched the "standard line"
71
According to the five-factor model, people who score _____ tend to be trusting and cooperative.
low in openness
high in neuroticism
high in agreeableness
low in extraversion
72
Prejudice is to discrimination as...
attitude is to action
behavior is to motive
feeling is to thinking
thought is to perception
73
During the sensorimotor stage of cognitive development, a child experiences the world through..
physical interaction
systematic hypothesis testing
abstract operations
logical reasoning
74
Framing refers to...
how alternatives in a decision problem are presented
presenting only part of the information required
presenting irrelevant information
structuring decision problems so they lead to poor decisions
75
The tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon can best be described as an instance of...
partial storage
complete retrieval failure
partial retrieval
complete storage failure
76
Which of the following is a mood disorder?
conversion disorder
fugue
bipolar disorder
panic disorder
77
At which stage do people use a personal code of ethics to guide their moral reasoning?
preconventional
conventional
postconventional
concrete
78
Reliability refers to the _______ of a measuring device, such as a test.
accuracy of inference
representativeness
predictability
consistency
79
Which statistical method is used to determine the reliability of a test?
correlation coefficients
means
standard deviation
percentiles
80
Which of the following is not one of the intelligence types described by Gardner?
mechanical
spatial
logical-mathemathical
musical
81
After having his first ice cream cone yesterday, Dave keeps asking for ice cream, demonstrating
overextension
fast-mapping
metalinguistic awareness
semantic slanting
82
Which of the following is not a characteristic of antisocial personality disorder?
manipulative behavior
aggressiveness
excessive guilt
social charm
83
The process of pushing distressing thoughts into the unconscious and keeping them there is...
suppression
neurogenic amnesia
repression
avoidance
84
Multiple-choice tests use what measure of memory?
recall
reiteration
recognition
relearning
85
Tension reduction is the goal of which motivational theory?
evolutionary theory
incentive theory
drive theory
instinct theory
86
A valid test is one that...
measures what it is supposed to measure
is consistent
has been standardized but not normed
is reliable
