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Earth Science Regents Review
Earth Science Regents Review
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1
What is the origin and rate of formation of this rock?
Plutonic with slow cooling
Volcanic with rapid cooling
Volcanic with slow cooling
Plutonic with rapid cooling
2
Which rock sequence is correct?
Sedimentary, metamorphic, igneous
Metamorphic, sedimentary, igneous
Igneous, sedimentary, metamorphic
Igneous, metamorphic, sedimentary
3
How far will an S-wave travel in 10 minutes and 40 seconds?
5,600 km
3,900 km
3,200 km
7,200 km
4
A piece of wood contains 25% of its original carbon-14. The age of the wood is approximately?
5,700 years
2,800 years
17,100 years
11,400 years
5
A high pressure, dry-climate belt is located at which Earth latitude?
0o
60oN
30oN
15oN
6
Which process transfers energy primarily by electromagnetic waves?
Conduction
Radiation
Convection
Evaporation
7
The metamorphic rock at location A is most likely?
Quartzite
Marble
Slate
Phyllite
8
Which phase change requires water to gain 2260 joules per gram?
liquid water vaporizing
liquid water freezing
solid ice melting
water vapor condensing
9
Which type of rock does this sample represent?
Metamorphic
Igneous
Sedimentary
10
A spring tide can be described as
The highest high tide, lowest low tide
Lowest high tide, highest low tide
No big difference between high and low tide
11
Which sedimentary rocks are clastic and consist of particles < 0.005 cm?
Bituminous coal and breccia
Conglomerate and Sandstone
Siltstone and Shale
Fossil limestone and chemical limestone
12
Which planet would float if it could be placed in water?
Earth
Jupiter
Saturn
Mercury
13
What is the relative humidity when the air temp is 29
o
C and wet-bulb temp is 23
o
C?
60%
6%
20%
54%
14
As the velocity of a stream decreases, the amount of sediment transported
Increases
Decreases
Remains the same
15
Which object is located at one foci of the elliptical orbit of Mars?
Jupiter
Betelgeuse
The sun
Earth
16
An air temperature of 95
o
C most often exists in which layer of the atmosphere?
Mesosphere
Thermosphere
Troposphere
Stratosphere
17
The air pressure at the ocean surface a few miles from the shore is most likely
1005 mb
1017 mb
1013 mb
994 mb
18
The solidifcation of magma produces
Sedimentary and igneous rocks
igneous and metamorphic rocks
Only metamorphic rocks
Only igneous rocks
19
Which substance would heat up the fastest?
Basalt
Water
Iron
Lead
20
Which group of organisms is inferred to have existed for the least amount of time in history?
Placoderm Fish
Eurypterids
Trilobites
Dinosaurs
21
Which rock was organically formed and can contain fossilized plant impressions?
Bituminous Coal
Rock Gypsum
Breccia
Phyllite
22
Which direction is the Green River flowing?
East
Northwest
Northeast
South
23
During which geologic time period were Stylonurus alive and abundant?
Silurian
Devonian
Cambrian
Jurassic
24
Which characteristics best distinguish one landscape region from another?
Bedrock surfaces and elevation of land surfaces
Stream gradient and soil types
Human population and environmental pollutants
Composition of bedrock and variety of fossils
25
Which igneous rock has a vesicular texture and contains potassium feldspar and quartz?
Pegmatite
Pumice
Andesite
Scoria
26
Compared to oceanic crust, continental crust is generally
Younger and thicker
Older and thicker
Younger and thinner
Older and thinner
27
Which evidence causes scientists to believe that sea-floor spreading occurs?
Large sedimentary folds exist in the mantle near the ridge
Oceanic crust on both sides is less dense than continental
Oceanic crust is oldest at the ridge
Oceanic crust has same pattern of reversed & normal polarity
28
At which two moon phases can a neap tide occur?
Waning gibbous and waning crescent
New moon and 1st quarter
1st quarter and 3rd quarter
Full moon and new moon
29
Slate is formed by the
Foliation of schist
Metamorphism of shale
Folding and faulting of gneiss
Deposition of chlorite and mica
30
The curved paths of planetary winds are a result of
Earth's gravitational force
Changes in temperature
Changes in humidity
Earth's rotation on its axis
31
During which Era did the initial pening of present-day Atlantic Ocean occur?
Mesozoic
Late Proterozoic
Cenozoic
Paleozoic
32
Which characteristic provides the best evidence that obsidian formed in a extrusive environment
Noncrystalline glassy texture
Mineral cement between grains
Layers of rounded fragments
Distorted bands of large mineral crystals
33
What are the two most abundant elements found in Earth's crust?
Calcium and Carbon
Oxygen and Silicon
Aluminum and Iron
Sodium and Chlorine
34
Which type of radiation has the shortest wavelength?
Ultraviolet
Visible light
Microwaves
Infrared
35
In nuclear fusion what occurs?
Heavier elements convert to lighter elements
Lighter elements convert to heavier elements
Lighter elements convert to lighter elements
36
The crystals of metamorphic rocks are aligned in bands as a result of
Earthquake faulting
Heat and pressure
Cooling and solification
Mechanical weathering
37
Rocks are classified as igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic based on
Crystal or grain size
Texture
Mineral composition
Method of formation
38
Landscapes will undergo the most physical weathering if the climate is
Warm and dry
Warm and wet
Cool and wet
Cool and dry
39
How do the rates of warming and cooling of land compare to warming and cooling of oceans?
land surfaces warm faster and cool faster
Land surfaces warm faster and cool slower
Land surfaces warm slower and cool faster
Land surfaces warm slower and cool slower
40
How far is a city from a epicenter where the difference in P&S arrival times is 10 min & 30 sec
9.9 x 10^3
3.5 x 10^3
4.7 x 10^3
1.7 x 10^3
41
Surface ocean currents curve to the right in the Northern Hemisphere because
Earth travels in an orbit around the Sun
Earth spins on its axis
The Moon travels in an orbit around Earth
The Moon's gravity curves ocean currents
42
Which type of front and frontal movement is shown on the weather map?
Cold front moving southeastward
Warm front moving southeastward
Warm front moving northwestward
Cold front moving northwestward
43
Beneath which surface location is Earth's crust the thinnest?
East Pacific Ridge
Old Forge, New York
The center of South America
San Andreas Fault
44
The actual orbits of the planets are
Elliptical, with the Sun at one foci
Circular, with Earth at the center
Elliptical with Earth at one foci
Circular, with the Sun at the center
45
What type of eclipse is shown in the picture below
Earth eclipse
Solar eclipse
Lunar eclipse
46
Which three minerals are commonly found in granite?
Amphibole, biotite, gypsum
Plagioclase feldspar, pyroxene, olivine
Plagioclase feldspar, potassium feldspar, quartz
Amphibole, calcite, and hematite
47
Only P-waves reach the side of Earth that is opposite the focus because P-waves
Are stronger than S-waves
Travel faster than S-waves
Bend more than S-waves
Can travel through liquids
48
In which Earth layer are convection currents that cause sea-floor spreading located?
Asthenosphere
Inner core
Outer core
Crust
49
Which feature forms at a plate boundary where oceanic crust converges with continental crust?
A mid-ocean ridge
An oceanic trench
New oceanic crust
A transform fault
50
Earth's outer core is best inferred to be
Liquid with a density of 4 g/cm^3
Solid with a density of 4 g/cm^3
Solid with a density of 11 g/cm^3
Liquid with a density of 11 g/cm^3
51
As you move upwards in the troposphere, what happens to temperature?
Increases
Decreases
Remains the same
52
Which of the following eccentricity values would produce the most eccentric orbit?
0.009
0.34
0.01
0.09
53
What two rocks are composed of quartz, feldspar, and clay minerals?
Rock salt and Breccia
Sandstone and limestone
Rock salt and Conglomerate
Sandstone and Shale
54
Close spacing of isobars on a weather map is a good indicator of
Low visibility
High air temperatures
High wind velocity
Low dewpoint temperatures
55
The gravitational attraction between the star and the planet will be greatest at position
D
A
C
B
56
What type of plate boundary is being represented by the image below
Transform
Complex or uncertain
Divergent
Convergent
57
What is the largest particle that can be transported by a stream moving 200 cm/sec
Cobble
Pebble
Sand
Boulder
58
Which weather change usually occurs when difference of dewpoint and air temp decreases?
The relative humidity increases
The barometric pressure increases
The probability of precipitation decreases
The amount of cloud cover decreases
59
What is the density of the continental crust?
2.7 g/cm^3
2.5 g/cm^3
3.0 g/cm^3
6.2 g/cm^3
60
Uplift, weathering, and erosion leads to the formation of
Igneous rocks
Magma
Cementation
Sediments
61
At which NYS location will an observer measure the altitude of Polaris at 42
o
N?
Oswego
Plattsburgh
Jamestown
New York City
62
Which star color indicates the hottest star surface temperature?
White
Yellow
Red
Blue
63
Which mountain range resuled in the collision between North America and Africa in the Permian?
Acadian Mountains
Greville Mountains
Taconic Mountains
Alleghenian Mountains
64
What moon phase is shown at position 6?
Waxing crescent
Waxing gibbous
Waning gibbous
Waning crescent
65
In which New York State landscape region is Niagara Falls located?
St. Lawrence Lowlands
Tug Hill Plateau
Allegheny Plateau
Erie-Ontario Lowlands
66
A station model barometric pressure reading of 996 would convert to
1099.6 mb
9990.6 mb
999.6 mb
996.0 mb
67
At which depth below Earth's surface is the density most likely 10.5 g/cm^3?
1,500 km
2,000 km
3,500 km
6,000 km
68
The same side of the Moon always faces Earth because the
Moon's period of rotation is shorter than revolution
Moon rotates once as it completes one revolution
Moon's period of rotation is longer than revolution
Moon does not rotate as it completes one revolution
69
A pressure of 1036.0 mb when converted to inches would equal
30.50 in
30.55 in
30.60 in
30.59 in
70
In which layer of Earth interior is pressure inferred to be 1.0 million atm?
Rigid mantle
Stiffer mantle
Outer core
Inner core
71
Which factor most likely caused the sediment to be sorted in the pattern shown?
Temperature of the water
Mineral composition of the sediment
Velocity of the river water
Hardness of surface bedrock
72
Sea-floor spreading is occurring at the boundary between the
North American Plate and Pacific Plate
Nazca Plate and South American Plate
Indian-Australian Plate and the Antarctic Plate
Indian-Australian Plate and Eurasian Plate
73
How do the metamorphic rocks schist and quartzite differ?
Quartzite forms from regional metamorphism
Quartzite contains quartz
Schist is foliated
Schist is organically formed
74
What is the age of the most abundant bedrock in the Finger Lakes region of NYS?
Permian
Pennsylvanian
Devonian
Cambrian
75
Which statement about metamorphic rocks is NOT supported by the rock cycle?
A metamorphic rock can become another metamorphic rock
A metamorphic rock may become sediments
A metamorphic rock has undergone cementation
Metamorphic rocks may one day undergo melting
76
Which number best represents the first appearance of humans on Earth?
3
2
4
1
77
Compared to dull and rough surfaces, shiny and smooth surfaces cause sunlight to
Refract
Reflect
Be absorbed
Scatter
78
What is the dewpoint when the dry bulb temp is 14
o
C and the wet bulb temp is 8
o
C?
6oC
-9oC
22oC
1oC
79
Which type of air mass would most likely have low humidity and high air temperature?
cT
cP
mP
mT
80
Which terms, when substituted for X, Y, and Z, best complete the table?
X= mountains, Y= plateaus, X= plains
X= mountains, Y= plains, and Z= plateaus
X= plains, Y= plateaus, Z= mountains
X= plateaus, Y= mountains, Z= plains
81
Which ocean current flows northeast along the Eastern coast of North America?
California
Gulf Stream
North Equatorial
Labrador
82
Which size particle will remain suspended longest as a river enters the ocean?
Sand
Pebble
Clay
Silt
83
Most rock gypsum is formed by the
Heating of previously existed foliated bedrock
Cooling and solidification of lava
Compaction and cementation of shells
Chemical precipitation of minerals from seawater