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AP Psychology Exam Review 2020 Flashcards | StudBud
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AP Psychology Exam Review 2020
AP Psychology Exam Review 2020
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A basic review over all material covered in AP Psychology used to prepare for the AP Exam.
Flashcards
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1
A stimulus evokes a response that was originally evoked by another stimulus in...
state-dependent learning
classical conditioning
observational learning
operant conditioning
2
If a teacher gives an exam with questions that were not covered in class, the test lacks..
criterion-related validity
content validity
standardized validity
predictive validity
3
Which technique would be most useful for locating specific neurotransmitters in the brain?
computerized tomography
electrographic tomography
magnetic resonance imaging
positron emission tomography
4
The hypothalamus communicates with the endocrine system by way of the..
pancreas
pituitary gland
thyroid gland
sebaceous gland
5
Five-year-old Bob washes his bike after seeing his father was his car, demonstrating...
positive reinforcement
superstitious behavior
observational learning
classical conditioning
6
When people overestimate the frequency of violent crimes because these events are on TV, they..
use the elimination by aspects strategy
are using the representativeness heuristic
use a holistic decision model
are using the availability heuristic
7
If you were awakened during REM sleep, you would probably report that you had...
a headache
been dreaming
not really been asleep
not been dreaming
8
The gate-control theory suggests that incoming pain sensations may be blocked at the...
spinal cord
cortex
thalamus
location of injury
9
Substances such as viruses and drugs that can harm a developing fetus are known as...
opiates
teratogens
prenatals
pathogens
10
The minimum stimulus intensity of any sensory input that an organism can detect is called the..
sensory memory
subliminal threshold
absolute threshold
just noticeable difference
11
The largely unconscious reactions used to protect us from guilt and anxiety are known as...
defense mechanisms
offense mechanisms
id mechanisms
coping mechanisms
12
The gradual disappearance of an operant response that is no longer being reinforced is called..
extinction
conditioned forgetting
spontaneous remission
unconditioning
13
A student's organized set of expectations on how a professor should act is an example of a..
chunk
schema
script
semantic network
14
Watson defined psychology as the scientific study of...
behavior
the unconscious
conscious experience
the brain
15
The chemicals that are secreted from the terminal buttons into the synapse are...
agonists
action potentials
neurotransmitters
antagonists
16
The superego is Freud's term for...
the biological impulses that drive behavior
the moral component of personality
the conscious aspect of personality
the mediating agent between the id and ego
17
The production of speech is controlled by which area of the frontal lobe?
Sperry's area
Wernicke's area
Cannon's area
Broca's area
18
If a dog salivates to a blue light but not a yellow light, the dog is demonstrating...
stimulus generalization
spontaneous recovery
stimulus discrimination
conditioned emotional reactions
19
Learning that is not apparent from behavior when it first occurs is known as...
classical conditioning
insight learning
operant conditioning
latent learning
20
Which of the following statements is the best example of telegraphic speech?
i wanted a cookie
cookie
I eated a cookie
give cookie
21
The amygdala plays a role in the modulation of which emotion?
surprise
fear
happiness
sadness
22
The area of psychology referring to mental processes or thinking is known as...
introspection
cognition
intelligence
mentalism
23
Although Sheri falls asleep easily, she has difficulty remaining asleep. Sheri suffers from..
sleep apnea
narcolepsy
pseudoinsomnia
insomnia
24
What appears to be responsible for regulating circadian rhythm?
amount of time alseep
exposure to light
amount of time awake
cultural practices
25
An antagonist...
prevents reuptake of neurotransmitters
mimics the action of a neurotransmitter
extends the absolute refractory period
blocks the action of neurotransmitters
26
What is somnambulism?
difficulty breathing when asleep
sleep-talking
difficulty remaining asleep
sleep-walking
27
Reliability refers to the _______ of a measuring device, such as a test.
consistency
accuracy of inference
predictability
representativeness
28
A perceptual set implies that...
people often see what they expect to see
the focused-attention stage of processing is overridden
feature analysis is a "hard-wired" process
visual perception is based on bottom-up processing
29
The tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon can best be described as an instance of...
partial storage
complete storage failure
partial retrieval
complete retrieval failure
30
Which brain structure is most closely related to regulating emotions?
cerebellum
reticular formation
limbic system
brainstem
31
In experiments, subjects that receive special treatment are known as...
the experimental group
the observational group
the control group
the correlational group
32
Framing refers to...
structuring decision problems so they lead to poor decisions
presenting only part of the information required
how alternatives in a decision problem are presented
presenting irrelevant information
33
When Bob hits his thumb with a hammer, the sensation will be transmitted to the CNS by...
efferent nerves
afferent nerves
autonomic nerves
sympathetic nerves
34
The characteristic mood, activity level, and emotional reactivity of an infant is their...
personality
temperament
behavioral quality
attachment
35
The Binet-Simon scale of intelligence expressed a child's score in terms of...
a potential score
a percentile score
mental age
IQ
36
The sensory receptors for smell are referred to as...
gustatory bulbs
olfactory cilia
sciatic receptors
smell buds
37
The most optimistic view of human nature is found in the ________ approach.
psychoanalytic
behavioral
cognitive
humanistic
38
Classical conditioning could account for how a child learns to...
print letters
sing a song
fear the dark
tie shoe laces
39
The school of psychology associated with understanding the purpose of behavior is...
behaviorism
neodynamism
psychoanalysis
functionalism
40
The structure of the ear that transduces sound vibrations into nerve impulses is the...
oval window
temporal lobe
cochlea
stirrup
41
A rat learns to press a bar to turn off an electric shock. This is an example of...
escape learning
an unconditioned response
avoidance learning
positive reinforcement
42
At which stage do people use a personal code of ethics to guide their moral reasoning?
preconventional
conventional
postconventional
concrete
43
The process of selectively reinforcing responses that are closer to the desired response is..
step-wise conditioning
stimulus discrimination
selection
shaping
44
The hypothalamus influences or regulates all of the following except...
the autonomic nervous system
the endocrine system
memory
feeding
45
The deepest level of processing which involves emphasizing the meaning of words is known as...
the triarchic level of encoding
dyadic encoding
attention encoding
the semantic level of encoding
46
Tension reduction is the goal of which motivational theory?
evolutionary theory
incentive theory
drive theory
instinct theory
47
Negative reinforcement involves...
the removal of a pleasant stimulus
the presentation of an unpleasant stimulus
the removal of an unpleasant stimulus
the presentation of a pleasant stimulus
48
Potty training is a key challenge in which of Erikson's stages of development?
industry vs. inferiority
trust vs. mistrust
autonomy vs. shame & doubt
initiative vs. guilt
49
Unusually vivid and detailed recollections of momentous events are called...
sensory memories
flashbulb memories
non-declarative memories
episodic memories
50
Voluntary responses come to be controlled by their consequences in what type of learning?
operant conditioning
classical conditioning
observational learning
reinforcement
51
Expectations about what is appropriate behavior for each sex most accurately describes...
gender behaviors
gender roles
gender stereotypes
gender differences
52
Homeostasis is a state of...
physiological stability
physiological instability
psychological instability
psychological stability
53
The test you are currently taking is an example of what kind of test?
a personality test
an aptitude test
an intelligence test
an achievement test
54
In order for a memory to be stored, it must first be..
retrieved
modeled
encoded
ablated
55
Your GPA is an example of which measure of central tendency?
median
midpoint
mean
mode
56
A worker who is paid every Friday for completing his 40-hour work week is being paid on a...
fixed-ratio schedule
variable-ratio schedule
fixed-interval schedule
variable-interval schedule
57
The process of pushing distressing thoughts into the unconscious and keeping them there is...
suppression
avoidance
neurogenic amnesia
repression
58
Severing the reticular formation in cats caused them to
become aggressive
remain in continuous wakefulness
become fearful/cautious
remain in continuous sleep
59
Slot machines increase gambling behavior through the use of...
a short-delay reinforcement schedule
a continuous reinforcement schedule
an intermittent reinforcement schedule
a non-contingent reinforcement schedule
60
Multiple-choice tests use what measure of memory?
recall
recognition
reiteration
relearning
61
A valid test is one that...
has been standardized but not normed
is reliable
is consistent
measures what it is supposed to measure
62
According to the James-Lange theory, one's conscious experience of emotion occurs..
before autonomic arousal
simultaneously with autonomic arousal
after autonomic arousal
independently of autonomic arousal
63
In Pavlov's experiment, the unconditioned stimulus was the...
light
food/meat powder
salivation
tone
64
In the Little Albert experiment, the conditioned stimulus was the...
fear reaction
rabbit
loud noise
rat
65
The ability to generate ideas that are original, novel, and useful defines...
insight
reasoning
intelligence
creativity
66
A personality measure that asks you to respond freely to an ambiguous stimulus (ex. inkblot) is
a self-report inventory
a projective test
a behavior rating
a deceptive test
67
Mary Ainsworth's strategy for studying infant attachment is known as the __________ procedure.
shared inhibition
secure-avoidant
strange situation
attachment probing
68
The facial feedback hypothesis suggests that...
the internal state causes the facial expression
you can affect how you feel by making a certain expression
a facial expression is just a sign of internal feelings
other people can identify your emotions by your expressions
69
The structure that connects the two hemispheres of the brain is called the...
parietal lobe
corpus callosum
pineal gland
thalamus
70
Sleep spindles are characteristic of which stage of the sleep cycle?
stage 1
stage 4
REM
stage 2
71
A person who loses memories of events that occur following a head injury is experiencing...
retrograde amnesia
retroactive interference
pseudoforgetting
anterograde amnesia
72
People who have hormonal imbalances have problems with their...
reticular formation
endocrine system
limbic system
leftbrain/right brain communication
73
According to the five-factor model, people who score _____ tend to be trusting and cooperative.
high in neuroticism
low in openness
high in agreeableness
low in extraversion
