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APWH Modern Unit 3 and 4 Review (1450-1750) 2020 Flashcards | StudBud
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APWH Modern Unit 3 and 4 Review (1450-1750) 2020
APWH Modern Unit 3 and 4 Review (1450-1750) 2020
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1
This image of Lisbon, Portugal in the 17th Century could be used by a historian to prove...
maritime empires created a new economic elite who'd made $ from trade
just like land-based empires, maritime empires used guns & cannons
empires used monumental architecture to reinforce their rule
navigation & innovations in ship designs were critical to maritime empires
2
Why was Spain's sponsorship of Ferdinand Magellan's voyage in 1519 historically SIGNIFICANT?
It was the first time Europeans reached the Western Hemisphere.
It was the first circumnavigation of the entire world.
It was the first time a European state sponsored a transoceanic voyage.
It was the first exchange of plants and animals between hemispheres.
3
Sikhism is a good example of a syncretic religion that developed in this time period. What religions were combined?
Hinduism and Buddhism
Islam and Confucianism
Christianity and Judaism
Hinduism and Islam
4
Which date represents the greatest SETBACK (defeat) for Ottoman expansion efforts?
1571
1676
1514
1606
5
"Civil Service Examinations" of the Qing Dynasty
would be an example of how land-based empires_________.
Recruited bureaucratic elites
Created Tribute collection systems
Developed military professionals.
Generated Revenue through trade
6
All of these civilizations participated in Unit 2 Trans-Saharan trade. How did their trade
CHANGE
in 1450-1750?
They used slaves for domestic household and agricultural tasks.
They reduced their reliance on trade in favor of domestic production.
They traded salt and gold north and east into the Mediterranean system.
They captured slaves for Atlantic export in exchange for European goods.
7
So, labor was needed on plantations, much of it forced. Which type of coerced labor had been used by the Inca Empire?
Encomienda System
Indentured Servitude
Chattel Slavery
Mit'a
8
China's process of charging European merchants in silver coins
would be an example of how land-based empires_____.
Recruited bureaucratic elites
Developed military professionals.
Created Tribute collection systems
Generated Revenue through trade
9
The "trading posts" of European maritime empires were most similarly comparable to which Unit 2 trade network?
Exchange in the Indian Ocean
Regional trade in the Americas
Trans-Saharan Trade Routes
The Silk Road
10
The 'pilgrims' started a wave of British settler colonies in the Americas. What were they looking for?
They were looking to spread Catholicism.
They were Protestants looking to flee religious violence.
The were looking for gold.
They were looking for a passage to Asia.
11
In Isfahan, Iran. A mosque for SHIA Islam. Built by Shah Abbas in new capital city, it was the Royal Mosque.
Ming to Qing Empire
Ottoman Empire
Safavid Empire
Mughal Empire
12
Located in Agra, India. It is a "MAUSOLEUM". Shah Jahan ordered it built for the tomb of his favorite wife Mumtaz.
Ottoman Empire
Safavid Empire
Mughal Empire
Ming to Qing Empire
13
The BEST explanation for Europe's ability to make breakthroughs in navigation technologies would be that...
technologies from other civilizations were diffused & improved upon.
all navigation technologies were invented independently in Europe.
they came to them as a result of the Columbian Exchange.
Marco Polo's book had everything Europeans needed to travel Silk Roads.
14
This cross from mid-16th century central Mexico would have been carved in the context of
Edicts by the Pope which attempted to ban local religions.
Aztecs trying to preserve culture despite Spanish conquest.
Aztec empire building through an alliance of the "3 tribes."
The development of early Aztec culture and mythology.
15
While it was diffused by the Mongols, who were the original inventors of gunpowder?
The Egyptians
The Romans
The Byzantines
The Chinese
16
Our Lady of Guadalupe (1746)
MOSTLY
reflects a syncretic blending of
Christianity and Islam
Protestant and Catholic Christianity
Native American and African cultures
Catholic Christianity and Native American culture
17
These two images provide evidence that after the Spanish conquest of Mesoamerica...
The Mayan religion was identical to European Christianity.
Spanish settlers were able to totally convert all Mayans.
Mayans remained totally isolated from Spanish conquest.
Mayans preserved & blended their culture into Christianity.
18
How did the Unit 4 European Empires MOST differ from earlier land-based empires of Units 1, 2, & 3?
They were the first to try to culturally convert people.
They were built by maritime conquest of regions oceans away
Merchants were involved for the first time in these empires.
They were the first to transmit diseases between regions.
19
Throughout the Americas, policies of the European empires were resisted by
maroon societies
. What were these?
Native Americans resisting land confiscation.
Protestants & Catholics resisting religious laws.
Africans resisting slavery by running away & fighting for freedom.
Merchants resisting state tariffs (taxes) on trade.
20
"Port factories" for foreign merchants in Tokugawa Japan
would be an example of how land-based empires_____.
Recruited bureaucratic elites
Created Tribute collection systems
Developed military professionals.
Generated Revenue through trade
21
This map of the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade could
BEST
be used to demonstrate that
The Ottoman Empire never used African slaves
Europeans were invading Africa to capture slaves
Brazil & the Caribbean were major African slave destinations
East Africa was the main source for slaves to the Americas
22
Which region
DID NOT
contribute navigation technologies that 15th century Europeans relied on?
The Americas
East Asia
Middle East
South Asia
23
Before 1450, this empire ruled the largest land-based empire in history & "set the stage" for most Eurasian Empires.
Egyptian Empire
Han Dynasty
Mongol Empire
Roman Empire
24
What was a SECURITY reason for the expansion of the Russian Empire to the south and east?
It wanted to take advantage of the rich trade in fur.
It wanted to control sea trade in the Indian ocean.
It wanted to spread Eastern Orthodox Christianity.
It wanted to stop pastoralist and Muslim expansion.
25
Below is a scene from the 30 year's war after the Reformation. This war involved fights between
Philosophes vs. Absolute Monarchs
Protestants vs. Catholics
Sunni vs. Shia
Hindus vs. Muslims
26
Aztecs demanded goods from neighboring civilizations
would be an example of how land-based empires_____.
Created Tribute collection systems
Recruited bureaucratic elites
Developed military professionals.
Generated Revenue through trade
27
Which region(s) supplied the most
SUGAR
to feed the 'sweet tooth' of the world circa 1450-1750 C.E.?
South & Southeast Asia
The Caribbean & Brazil
Andean South America
West and Central Africa
28
Which is the correct order of classes in the casta system? (from top to bottom)
Peninsulare, Creole,Mestizo,Indio, Negro
Indio, Creole, Peninsulare, Negro, Mestizo
Peninsulare, Mesitzo,Creole, Negro, Indio
Creole, Mestizo, Peninsulare, Negro, Indio
29
How is gunpowder made?
collecting angry sand
magic
by mixing sulphur, saltpeter, and charcoal
combining salt and peppa
30
Guru Nanak founded the Sikh religion in which region?
Russia
Middle East
China
South Asia
31
For the Ottomans, "Devshirme" was a system that
Forced all people in their empire to become Muslim.
Took Christian children as tributes for the army.
Killed people as sacrifices to their gods.
Abolished slavery within the empire.
32
What is the best explanation for the demographic trend you see in this chart?
Mesoamerican chinampas were replaced with European field agriculture.
There were a large number of migrants from Iberia to Mesoamerica.
Smallpox, measles, & malaria killed 90% of Mesoamerican peoples.
European guns & cannons killed many Mesoamericans.
33
All of the following are true, but what was a
POLITICAL
effect of the Reformation?
New Christian churches emerged: Lutherans, Anglicans, etc.
Peasants admired Luther's message of Christian equality.
Kings & rulers used the protest to increase their power.
Luther's emphasis on reading encouraged literacy.
34
In Moscow. Built by Tsar Ivan the IV ('the terrible') for the Christian Eastern Orthodox Church.
German Empire
French Empire
Spanish Empire
Russian Empire
35
Why did the vast majority of Latin America become Catholic after 1492?
Chinese explorer Zheng He had spread it on his voyages there
Spanish & Portuguese priests were aided by imperial rule
Merchant traders encouraged it to ease trade
Martin Luther made a trip there to convert people
36
The Ming's most famous Emperor was Yongle. What were his policies in the theme of POLITICS?
He sent a large fleet of ships led by Admiral Zheng He to the Indian Ocean.
He started civil service examinations to combat bureaucratic corruption.
He had scholars do an 11 volume encylopedia of classical Chinese learning.
He rebuilt canals, bridges, & irrigation destroyed by the Mongols.
37
This image shows 6 years in the nearly 400 year Atlantic slave trade. What was
NOT
an effect of this trade?
Fossil fuel burning increased to power steam engines for labor.
African crops like okra, yams, & rice were diffused to the Americas.
The coerced labor of slaves on plantations enriched imperial economies.
Diseases spread because of the deplorable condition of slave ships.
38
This system of early state-sponsored Spanish colonization that relied on coerced Native labor was called
encomienda
indentured servitude
mit'a
chattel slavery
39
In setting "transoceanic interconnections" in motion, Portugal's primary motivation before 1450 was
To get African slaves to work on Brazilian sugar plantations
To get direct access to the lucrative Indian Ocean trade network
To establish new bases on the land-based silk routes
To find a mythical African Christian King named Prestor John
40
"The Cossacks" of the Russian Empire
would be an example of how land-based empires_________.
Recruited bureaucratic elites
Created Tribute collection systems
Generated Revenue through trade
Developed military professionals.
41
Economically, what drove rivalries between the major states of Eurasia between 1450-1750?
Competition over trade routes & resource rich territories around the world.
The challenge to authority by local elites.
Conflict both within Christianity & between Christians with other faiths.
Disputes about the legitimacy of dynastic rule.
42
The
SANTERIA
religion of CUBA (in the Caribbean) would have been a blend of all of these cultures
EXCEPT
African Yoruba Shamanism
Spanish Catholicism
Native American Animism
East Asian Buddhism
43
Which of the following
WAS NOT
part of the Columbian Exchange?
Smallpox from the Americas widely infected Europeans
Food of the Americas was transported and grown in Eurasia
African religious and food culture came to the Americas
Eurasian animals were transported and raised in Americas
44
Who discovered gunpowder/how?
by blacksmiths looking to create better metals
by peasants who dug it up during farming
by religious leaders looking for a way to scare away spirits.
by alchemists trying to discover a potion of immortality
45
All of the following are true of Christopher Columbus' 4 voyages
EXCEPT
:
His voyages made Europeans interested in exploring beyond Afro-Eurasia.
His Spanish state-sponsored voyage created the 2nd maritime empire.
His ships were a new design known as a "caravel".
His mission to reach India succeeded so he established trading posts there.
46
In Istanbul, Turkey. Mosque for SUNNI Islam. Built for Sultan Süleyman. Also a MAUSOLEUM for tombs of Sultans.
Safavid Empire
Ming to Qing Empire
Ottoman Empire
Mughal Empire
47
All of the following are true of the British E.I.C. and the Dutch V.O.C. between 1450-1750
EXCEPT
:
The E.I.C. focused on cotton trade while the V.O.C. focused on spice trade.
Both companies were a mixture of state & private investments.
V.O.C. "fluyts" carried more cargo making them more profitable than E.I.C.
The E.I.C. conquered the Mughals, but the V.O.C. lost Southeast Asian wars.
48
In Beijing, China. Built for the "Celestial Emperor" & seat of government for 500 years. Very Confucian layout!
Ottoman Empire
Safavid Empire
Mughal Empire
Ming to Qing Empire
49
What happened as a result of this transition in Chinese dynasties?
End of Mongol Empire led to takeover by classically Chinese dynasty.
The Korean "Ming" asserted their power & took over China
The Mongols changed their name from "Yuan" to "Ming".
Japanese "Ming" warriors conquered all of China.
50
All of the following were parts of Martin Luther's arguments against the Catholic Church
EXCEPT
He argued that doing good works was more important than faith.
He argued the Bible should be translated to local languages.
He argued against the sale of indulgences.
He argued that all Catholic customs should be questioned.
51
What's the
MOST
likely reason this painting was commissioned (paid for) by Ottoman Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent?
To glorify Sunni Islam.
To glorify Turkish values & rulership of the Sultan.
To explain Islamic science & technology.
To export to Europe as a luxury product.
52
Which region(s) supplied the most
COTTON, SPICES, & SILK
to the world market circa 1450-1750 C.E.?
South & Southeast Asia
The Caribbean & Brazil
West and Central Africa
Andean South America
53
Which breakthrough of the Scientific Revolution most challenged traditional religious views?
The study of mechanics that led to breakthroughs in machinery
The study of astronomy & the place of the sun in the solar system
The study of mathematics that led to ideas of probability, binomials, & -#s
The study of the anatomy of the human body
54
The empire from Unit 3 that
MOST
threatened European culture & economy, spurring Portugal et al to explore, was
the Mughals
the Manchu Qing
the Safavids
the Ottomans
55
If you wanted to add arrows on the map to show "Triangular Trade", they'd show
Americas goods to Africa & African slaves to Europe
European cash crops to Americas & African goods to Europe
African cash crops to Europe & Americas silver to Asia.
European goods to Africa & Americas crops to Europe
56
Which of the following BEST describes the symbolism of this portrait of Mughal Emperor Jahangir?
It shows the scientific advances of the Mughal Empire.
It shows the economic dominance of the Indian Ocean Trade
It shows his devotion to Islam, the religion of Mughal rulers.
It shows the growing power of the Empire, justified by religion.
57
What was the
ECONOMIC EFFECT
of Europe's presence in Asia during this era?
Europe's manufactured goods became highly in demand by Asian consumers
Europe completely dominated all Asian markets
Europe dominated Japan's markets, but was shutout of China
Europe's "trading posts" prospered by using silver to trade for luxuries.
58
All of the following statements are true. Which one could you prove with the
CULTURAL
evidence from the Casta painting?
Eurasian & American foods mixed in the 'Columbian Exchange.'
Maritime empires used syncretic religions to legitimize their rule.
Local bureaucratic elites were recruited to maintain imperial control.
Taxation, trade, and coerced labor provided revenue for imperial expansion.
59
The Spanish discovered that they could get Asian luxury products in exchange for the
SILVER
they were mining in
Andean South America
West and Central Africa
South & Southeast Asia
The Caribbean & Brazil
60
"The Janissaries" of the Ottoman Empire
would be an example of how land-based empires_________.
Developed military professionals.
Recruited bureaucratic elites
Created Tribute collection systems
Generated Revenue through trade
61
After its victory in conquering all of South Asia, what best describes the Mughal Empire?
It was mostly Muslim with a Hindu minority.
It had a small Muslim minority governing over a large Hindu majority.
It was split roughly 50-50 between Buddhists and Hindus.
It was dominated by a new religion called Sikhism.
62
Which of the following environmental innovations was UNIQUE to the challenges of sailing in the
Indian Ocean
?
Learning about magnetic poles & latitude to create the astrolabe & compass
An understanding of seasonal monsoon wind patterns
Applying paper technology to maritime maps
Creating ways that lateen sails could move with square sails.
63
How did Emperor Aurangzeb change the Mughal Empire's religious policies?
He tried to impose Islam on the conquered peoples of South Asia.
He converted to a new religion: Sikhism
He converted to Buddhist traditions.
He was religiously tolerant, allowing majority Hinduism to continue.
64
Middle East. Persia. Shia Islam. Went to war with Ottomans. Ruled by a "Shah."
A) Qing Empire
C) Safavid Empire
D) Ottoman Empire
B) Mughal Empire
65
The expansion of empires led to conflict with each other. What was TRUE about the cultural reasons these two fought?
They were fighting over who built the best monumental architecture.
The Ottomans were Sunni Muslims while the Safavids were Shia Muslims.
One was a Muslim Empire while the other was a Hindu Empire.
They were fighting about Christianity: Catholics vs. Eastern Orthodox.
66
Portugal was the 1st to create a "transoceanic interconnection" of
trading posts
between the
Atlantic Ocean and Arctic Ocean
Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean
Atlantic Ocean and Pacific Ocean
67
What was
NOT
a reason for Unit 4 European maritime exploration and empire building?
European monarchs competed with rivals to gain status & wealth.
Europe wanted to rely on the Ottoman Empire for its trade.
Europe wanted to diffuse Christianity to new territories & peoples.
Europe wanted more luxury products like spices, silk, porcelain, etc.
68
Qing Dynasty defeated Ming Dynasty. What new military tech. helped them MOST both in that war and against pastoralists?
Infantry with shields and swords
Horse saddles & stirrups
Bows and arrows
Gunpowder, guns, & cannons
69
All of the images below deal
MOSTLY
with which time period in European history?
The Enlightenment
The Scientific Revolution
The Artistic Renaissance
The Age of Exploration
70
SLAVES
forcibly taken to work on the plantations of the maritime empires came mostly from
West and Central Africa
Andean South America
The Caribbean & Brazil
South & Southeast Asia
71
Increasingly, many are protesting
AGAINST
Columbus Day in the USA because they argue that...
C'mon, it's a day off work. What's the problem?
Columbus was a great example of Italian (Latin) migration to the U.S. of A.
Columbus was a brave Christian who diffused Western Civilization.
Columbus lied, enslaved & killed natives, & his "discovery" was a theft.
72
Below is an image of a follower of "Taki Onqoy". What would he have believed?
It was his duty to convert to Protestantism
It was his duty to convert to Catholicism
It was his duty to fight attempts to convert him
73
"Yasak" or forcing Siberians to give furs to the Russian Empire
would be an example of how land-based empires_________.
Developed military professionals.
Created Tribute collection systems
Generated Revenue through trade
Recruited bureaucratic elites
74
What's the best definition of "Mercantilism"?
An economic system that equally distributed the profits of merchant trade.
An economic system where governments promote free trade between merchants.
An economic system of simple barter in basic commodities between merchants.
An economic system controlling merchants for the benefit of the state.
75
What was a unique innovation of The Netherlands and England to unit 4 economics?
silver-backed currencies.
caravels using lateen sails.
colonies in the Americas.
mercantilist joint-stock companies.
76
M.East/N.Africa/Europe. Turks. Sunni Islam. Beat old Byzantine Empire. Fought Shia Muslims. Ruled by a "Sultan".
D) Ottoman Empire
B) Mughal Empire
C) Safavid Empire
A) Qing Empire
77
All of the following are true of the effects of the slave trade IN Africa. Which was a
SOCIAL
consequence?
Missionaries brought Christianity into Western and Central Africa.
Some states increased in power because they profited from the trade.
More men were taken as slaves causing imbalances in gender and families.
The population of Africa stagnated even as Eurasia's rapidly grew.
78
What was the Mughal Empire's policy toward different religions for most of its history (up to Emperor Aurangzeb).
Rulers converted to a new religion: Sikhism
Rulers tried to impose Islam on the conquered peoples of South Asia.
Rulers were religiously tolerant, allowing majority Hinduism to continue.
Rulers were converted to Buddhist traditions.
79
Which transfer between hemispheres would have been
MOST
responsible for the demographic trend you see after 1500 C.E.?
Maize (corn), potatoes, & beans from Americas to Afro-Eurasia
Sugar, bananas, & coffee from Afro-Eurasia to Americas
Horses, cattle, & pigs from Afro-Eurasia to Americas
Chilies, cacao, & tobacco from Americas to Afro-Eurasia
80
A Qing Dynasty Emperor (the elite of the elite) had a long day. What would have been the "cultural" part of his morning?
5am-7am: Worship of ancestors & the Buddha
7am-9:30am: Reading reports from local officials about harvests, money, etc
9:30am-11am: Meeting with officials
11am-2:30pm: Writing laws
81
South Asia. Sunni Muslims ruling over a majority Hindu population. Were religiously tolerant until Emperor Aurangzeb.
A) Qing Empire
C) Safavid Empire
B) Mughal Empire
D) Ottoman Empire
82
Farmers who had to pay a landowner in the Ottoman Empire
would be an example of how land-based empires_____.
Developed military professionals.
Recruited bureaucratic elites
Created taxation systems
Generated Revenue through trade
83
The first voyages of BOTH Spain and England to the Americas were motivated MOST by a
missionary impulse to spread either Catholic or Protestant Christianity.
desire to find a new route to trade with Asia for luxury products.
competitive urge to establish settler colonies.
need to find new fishing grounds to feed growing populations.
84
East Asia. Took power from Ming who took over after Yuan. Confucianism. Security motivated their move into Central Asia.
D) Ottoman Empire
C) Safavid Empire
B) Mughal Empire
A) Qing Empire
85
Compared to other land-based empires, Japanese expansion between 1450-1750 relied MOSTLY on__________
Direct military conflict with foreign empires.
The imposition of their feudal system on others.
Emigration and overseas economic trade.
Spreading their culture to foreign lands.
86
The "casta system" was
a Latin American card game.
an economic system.
a racially based social hierarchy.
a type of imperial bureaucracy.
87
What is a TRUE social cause of Latin American 'Castas'?
Women increasingly asserting their desire for suffrage.
Whole families fled religious violence in Europe to create settler colonies
The Spanish crown wanted to give equal rights to Natives and Africans.
European men married Native or African women, creating mixed families
88
Which is an accurate definition of the Columbian Exchange?
The exchange of new plants, animals, & diseases between hemispheres.
The tribute relations that existed between Indian Ocean trading nations.
The deal made between Portugal and Spain to divide world in half.
The agreement between Columbus & Spain to explore a route to India.
89
These portraits of Emperors show how land-based imperial authorities used their__________ to legitimize their rule.
Technological powers
Social powers
Cultural religious powers
Economic powers
90
This
IVORY
statue from 17th century
INDIA
exported to
PORTUGAL
could be used as evidence to prove
Crown=proof that imperial states used art to reinforce their legitimacy.
India=proof that Asian trade goods were highly in demand.
Ivory=proof that Swahili merchants continued to trade African luxury goods.
Christ child=proof that Portuguese trading diffused Catholicism to Asia.
