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Combined: Cognition + Testing and Individual Differences Flashcards | StudBud
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Combined: Cognition + Testing and Individual Differences
Combined: Cognition + Testing and Individual Differences
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Cognition: Cognition - AP Psych Testing and Individual Differences: Intelligence and Testing
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1
Who emphasized an inborn readiness to learn grammatical rules?
Elizabeth Loftus
Noam Chomsky
B. F. Skinner
Benjamin Whorf
2
The magical number seven, plus or minus two refers to the storage capacity of
sensory memory
flashbulb memory
explicit memory
short-term memory
3
Memory for automatic activities, such as bike riding and handwriting, is known as
declarative
sensory
procedural
semantic
4
Hearing the word "rabbit" may lead people to spell "hair" as "hare". This illustrates
retroactive interference
proactive interference
priming
chunking
5
You conclude that a person who reads poetry is more likely a professor than a truck driver.
confirmation bias
representativeness heuristic
belief perseverance
availability heuristic
6
About what percent of WAIS scores fall between 70 and 130?
100
95
60
30
7
The human capacity for storing long-term memories is
roughly equal to seven units of info
greatly reduced after people reach age 65
enhanced through hypnosis
essentially unlimited
8
Labeling students as "ungifted" and isolating them from an enriched learning environment can
create self-fulfilling prophecies
create savant syndrome
create factor analysis
create the Flynn effect
9
The final exam in a calculus course would be an example of a(n).........test?
achievement
general intelligence
aptitude
diagnostic
10
The smell of perfume evokes vivid memories of your childhood. The aroma acted as a powerful
mnemonic
explicit memory
retrieval cue
implicit memory
11
You can't recall if Lincoln faces left or right on a penny. This is likely due to a failure in
encoding
retrieval
implicit memory
storage
12
The process of getting information out of memory is called
retrieval
encoding
relearning
priming
13
Who emphasized that words shape the way people think?
Benjamin Whorf
B. F. Skinner
Noam Chomsky
Sigmund Freud
14
If a test yields consistent results every time it is used, it has a high degree of
heritability
content validity
standardization
reliability
15
A European asks, "Can you please a ride to the airport me give?" This is an error in
syntax
nomenclature
phenotypes
semantics
16
Visually associating 5 items with a bun, shoe, tree, door and hive illustrates the use of
method of loci
serial position effect
chunking
the peg-word system
17
The smallest speech units that carry meaning are called
phonemes
morphemes
prototypes
heuristics
18
Your memory of a vacation is more positive today than just after you went. This illustrates
rosy retrospection
source amnesia
the self-reference effect
procative interference
19
A program that calculates all possible outcomes of all possible game moves illustrates what?
representativeness heuristic
algorithm
functional fixedness
belief perseverance
20
Who emphasized the importance of reinforcement in language acquisition?
Benjamin Whorf
John Watson
B.F. Skinner
Ivan Pavlov
21
For a moment after hearing a song, you have a vivid auditory impression of it. An example of
echoic memory
short-term memory
iconic memory
implicit memory
22
In the words "helping" and "calling" the "ing" ending is a(n)
prototype
syntax
morpheme
phoneme
23
You don't bring a pillow on a trip, but don't think to use your jacket instead. An example of
overconfidence
functional fixedness
belief perseverance
confirmation bias
24
Superior memory for rap lyrics with the most rhymes illustrates the value of
semantic encoding
echoic memory
priming
acoustic encoding
25
Failure to see a new way of solving a problem b/c you're stuck in how you've always done it is
critical periods
confirmation bias
fixation
representativeness heuristic
26
Simple thinking strategies that allow us to solve problems efficiently are called
fixations
prototypes
heuristics
algorithms
27
Kids had trouble recognizing a seahorse is a fish because it didn't closely match their fish
hierarchy
algorithm
heuristic
prototype
28
A bell curve characterizing a large sample of IQ test scores is a representation of a
g factor
factor analysis
normal distribution
heritability estimate
29
Which of the following offers the best explanation for infantile amnesia?
Birth trauma prevents explicit encoding
The emotional reactivity of infants inhibits encoding
The hippocampus is one of the last brain regions to mature
Iconic memories last for less than a second in infants
30
According to Chomsky, understanding a sentence involves which of the following transformations
symbolic to analytic
simple to complex
perceptual to functional
surface to deep
31
The increase in synaptic firing potential that contributes to memory formation is called
long-term potentiation
automatic processing
serial position effect
chunking
32
Remembering how to solve a jigsaw puzzle w/out conscious recollection best illustrates
flashbulb memory
implicit memory
explicit memory
semantic memory
33
Robert Sternberg's three intelligences were analytic, creative, and what?
interpersonal
musical
spatial
practical
34
When a person's test performance can be compared w/that of a representative sample, it is
reliable
normally distributed
valid
standardized
35
Not recognizing your own emotions is an example of
predictive validity
emotional intelligence
the g factor
factor analysis
36
You study biology all afternoon and then can't remember the chemistry you studied that morning
the spacing effect
retroactive interference
source amnesia
proactive interference
37
We believe planes are more dangerous than cars due to media reporting of the former.
confirmation bias
representativeness heuristic
availability heuristic
belief perseverance
38
You do better on a test if you study for 15 minutes/day for 8 days than by cramming. This is
the spacing effect
chunking
the serial position effect
the primacy effect
39
Factor analysis is a statistical procedure that can be used to
extract test norms from a standardization sample
provide a quantitative estimate of heritability
derive IQ scores by comparing mental age w/chronological age
identify cluster of closely related test items
40
When you're sad, you think of all the other sad events that have taken place. This illustrates
iconic memory
retroactive interference
long-term potentiation
mood-congruent memory
41
Who might be criticized for extending the definition of intelligence over too broad of a range?
Howard Gardner
Charles Spearman
Alfred Binet
Lewis Terman
42
The Stanford-Binet, WAIS, and WISC tests are all types of
personality tests
factor analysis tests
general intelligence tests
achievement tests
43
Explicit memories are processed by the
motor cortex
hippocampus
cerebellum
cerebral cortex
44
What word means the conscious memory of factual information?
iconic
explicit
implicit
procedural
45
Sweden shows little of the gender gap in math found in Korea. This argues mental abilities are
socially influenced
ethnically determined
distributed in a bell-shaped pattern
polygenetic
46
How do brains of highly educated people compare with their less educated counterparts?
They have more synapses
They have less neural plasticity
They have larger neurons
They have more reification
47
Sue scores high on a math aptitude test so is likely to score high on a verbal test. This shows
heritability
the g factor
predictive validity
factor analysis
48
A test to assess understanding of English has only questions about math. The test has low
normal distribution
reliability
validity
standardization
49
The process of getting information into memory is called
encoding
registering
priming
storing
50
The smallest distinctive sound unit of language is a
morpheme
prototype
phoneme
phenotype
51
Your mom lists 10 things for you to get from the store. You're most likely to forget those
at the beginning of the list
in the middle of the list
at the middle and end of the list
at the beginning and middle of the list
52
The Ebbinghaus forgetting curve indicates that how well we remember info depends on
whether it was acoustically or visually encoded
the nature of our mood during encoding and retrieval
whether proactive interference occured
how long ago we learned the information
53
You were attacked by a dog in a dream, but later recall this actually happening to you.
misinformation effect
mood-congruent memory
implicit memory
source amnesia
54
To gain accurate eyewitness testimony from children, interviewers must
be sensitive to repressed memories
use leading questions to prompt a response
use neutral words that children can understand
provide details to the child before the interview
55
As they age, adopted kid's IQ test scores become....... w/those of their adopted parents
uncorrelated
more positively correlated
more negatively correlated
less positively correlated
56
The original IQ formula would be LEAST appropriate for showing the intelligence performance of
preschool students
middle school students
college students
kindergarten students
57
After a drinking spree, you forget where you put your keys. You find them when you drink again.
state-dependent memory
motivated forgetting
serial position effect
proactive interference
58
Who emphasized that we repress anxiety-arousing memories?
George Sperling
Hermann Ebbinghaus
Sigmund Freud
Elizabeth Loftus
59
It is hard to get someone to change his unrealistically negative self-image. This illustrates
overconfidence
functional fixedness
framing effect
belief perseverance
60
You are most likely to automatically encode information about
dates in a history book
new phone numbers
friends' birthdays
the sequence of your day's events
61
A test of your capacity to learn to be a mechanic would be considered a(n).............. test
achievement
aptitude
interest
intelligence
62
To remember psych terms, you often relate them to yourself. This facilitates
automatic processing
the serial position effect
semantic encoding
iconic memory
63
You retain a momentary mental image of a five-digit zip code that flashed on a screen. This is
echoic memory
implicit memory
iconic memory
flashbulb memory
64
The widespread improvement in intelligence test performance during the past century is called
the Flynn effect
stereotype threat
standardization
the normal curve
65
Although Rain Man was mentally handicapped, he could memorize any number. He is likely
demonstrating a high level of emotional intelligence
above average in her capacity for inductive reasoning
high in emotional intelligence
someone with savant syndrome
66
You are against the death penalty so you seek out information that promotes life imprisonment.
confirmation bias
the availability heuristic
the representativeness heuristic
functional fixedness
