The function of sensory memory is to...

hold sensory impressions long enough for transfer

The facial feedback hypothesis suggests that...

you can affect how you feel by making a certain expression

Most explanations for the Flynn effect revolve around...

a variety of environmental factors

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Duplicate of AP Psychology - AP Exam Review

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A basic review over all material covered in AP Psychology used to prepare for the AP Exam.

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Questions 150

Answers

1
The gate-control theory suggests that incoming pain sensations may be blocked at the...
spinal cord
thalamus
cortex
location of injury
2
The function of sensory memory is to...
hold sensory impressions long enough for transfer
put information into long-term memory
hold the immediate perception of what was perceived
hold information for a lifetime
3
After having his first ice cream cone yesterday, Dave keeps asking for ice cream, demonstrating
semantic slanting
overextension
fast-mapping
metalinguistic awareness
4
The hypothalamus influences or regulates all of the following except...
memory
feeding
the endocrine system
the autonomic nervous system
5
The structure that connects the two hemispheres of the brain is called the...
corpus callosum
parietal lobe
thalamus
pineal gland
6
When Bob hits his thumb with a hammer, the sensation will be transmitted to the CNS by...
sympathetic nerves
afferent nerves
efferent nerves
autonomic nerves
7
If two sounds vary in frequency they are perceived as differing in...
pitch
decibels
loudness
timbre
8
The most optimistic view of human nature is found in the ________ approach.
psychoanalytic
humanistic
behavioral
cognitive
9
Which of the following disorders/issues would be least likely to be treated by a psychiatrist?
schizophrenia
anxiety disorders
bipolar disorder
marital problems
10
At which stage do people use a personal code of ethics to guide their moral reasoning?
conventional
preconventional
postconventional
concrete
11
The facial feedback hypothesis suggests that...
a facial expression is just a sign of internal feelings
you can affect how you feel by making a certain expression
other people can identify your emotions by your expressions
the internal state causes the facial expression
12
In Pavlov's experiment, the unconditioned stimulus was the...
food/meat powder
tone
salivation
light
13
The gradual disappearance of an operant response that is no longer being reinforced is called..
unconditioning
spontaneous remission
conditioned forgetting
extinction
14
The minimum stimulus intensity of any sensory input that an organism can detect is called the..
subliminal threshold
absolute threshold
sensory memory
just noticeable difference
15
Most explanations for the Flynn effect revolve around...
changes in testing procedures
genetic influences on IQ
group differences in basic intelligence
a variety of environmental factors
16
The process of pushing distressing thoughts into the unconscious and keeping them there is...
repression
avoidance
suppression
neurogenic amnesia
17
According to Freud, nail-biting may be evidence of fixation at the _____ stage of development.
latency
oral
anal
genital
18
Yielding to real or imagined social pressure defines...
cognitive dissonance
conformity
obedience
groupthink
19
The characteristic mood, activity level, and emotional reactivity of an infant is their...
attachment
personality
behavioral quality
temperament
20
Which of the following statements is the best example of telegraphic speech?
give cookie
i wanted a cookie
cookie
I eated a cookie
21
The ability to generate ideas that are original, novel, and useful defines...
insight
creativity
intelligence
reasoning
22
The sickly child who becomes a forceful, physically active adult demonstrates what Adler called
regression
displacement
compensation
fixation
23
A rat learns to press a bar to turn off an electric shock. This is an example of...
an unconditioned response
positive reinforcement
escape learning
avoidance learning
24
If you were awakened during REM sleep, you would probably report that you had...
not really been asleep
a headache
not been dreaming
been dreaming
25
Which of the following is a mood disorder?
conversion disorder
fugue
bipolar disorder
panic disorder
26
In experiments, subjects that receive special treatment are known as...
the correlational group
the control group
the experimental group
the observational group
27
Aggression is often a behavioral response to stressors involving...
change
pressure
conflict
frustration
28
A personality measure that asks you to respond freely to an ambiguous stimulus (ex. inkblot) is
a behavior rating
a self-report inventory
a projective test
a deceptive test
29
The production of speech is controlled by which area of the frontal lobe?
Sperry's area
Wernicke's area
Cannon's area
Broca's area
30
The last are of the brain to fully mature in late adolescence or early adulthood is the...
medulla
hypothalamus
prefrontal cortex
occipital cortex
31
The assumption of a preoperational child that a car is moving because she is in it demonstrates
egocentrism
conservation
reversibility
centration
32
PTSD is an example of what kind of disorder?
mood
anxiety
personality
schizophrenic
33
Homeostasis is a state of...
physiological instability
psychological stability
psychological instability
physiological stability
34
Substances such as viruses and drugs that can harm a developing fetus are known as...
pathogens
teratogens
opiates
prenatals
35
Sleep spindles are characteristic of which stage of the sleep cycle?
stage 2
stage 4
REM
stage 1
36
Mary Ainsworth's strategy for studying infant attachment is known as the __________ procedure.
strange situation
attachment probing
shared inhibition
secure-avoidant
37
According to the notion of semantic networks, which word pair should be linked most closely?
tree-bird
car-nose
boat-goat
fill-feed
38
Severing the reticular formation in cats caused them to
remain in continuous sleep
become aggressive
remain in continuous wakefulness
become fearful/cautious
39
Which of the following is not a common effect of hypnosis?
total loss of personal control
reduction of inhibitions
resistance to pain
hallucinations
40
Depression is an example of a _____ mood disorder.
dissociative
unipolar
bipolar
cyclical
41
In the Little Albert experiment, the conditioned stimulus was the...
fear reaction
rabbit
rat
loud noise
42
The registration of sensory input without conscious awareness refers to
a just noticeable difference
a false alarm
a superimposed stimulus
subliminal perception
43
The gambler's fallacy reflects the influence of the...
law of small numbers
representativeness heuristic
availability heuristic
conjunction heuristic
44
The hypothalamus communicates with the endocrine system by way of the..
pancreas
thyroid gland
sebaceous gland
pituitary gland
45
Cultural norms that determine which facial expressions are appropriate for what occasions are..
social scripts
parental investments
investment differentiations
display rules
46
Jay used to say "mikk", but now says "milk" properly, meaning he has made gains in the use of..
syntax
linguistic heuristics
phonemes
morphemes
47
Destroying part of the brain tissue to observe its effect on behavior is referred to as...
stereotaxic inversion
lesioning
ESB
tumor ligation
48
The neurotransmitter associated with schizophrenia is...
serotonin
endorphin
dopamine
acetylcholine
49
If the occipital lobe is stimulated, the person would be most likely to report...
seeing a flash of light
moving a part of his body
smelling an odor
hearing a sound
50
Five-year-old Bob washes his bike after seeing his father was his car, demonstrating...
positive reinforcement
observational learning
classical conditioning
superstitious behavior
51
A person who loses memories of events that occur following a head injury is experiencing...
retroactive interference
anterograde amnesia
pseudoforgetting
retrograde amnesia
52
Which type of intelligence involves the ability to apply acquired knowledge in problem solving?
episodic
fluid
crystallized
procedural
53
Your GPA is an example of which measure of central tendency?
median
mean
mode
midpoint
54
Learning that is not apparent from behavior when it first occurs is known as...
latent learning
operant conditioning
classical conditioning
insight learning
55
In which level of processing is an emphasis placed on the sounds of words?
platonic
morphemic
phonemic
mnemonic
56
The tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon can best be described as an instance of...
complete retrieval failure
complete storage failure
partial retrieval
partial storage
57
The wavelength of light mainly affects our perception of...
color
light purity
brightness
saturation
58
If a teacher gives an exam with questions that were not covered in class, the test lacks..
content validity
standardized validity
predictive validity
criterion-related validity
59
The structure of the ear that transduces sound vibrations into nerve impulses is the...
stirrup
temporal lobe
oval window
cochlea
60
The sensory receptors for smell are referred to as...
smell buds
sciatic receptors
olfactory cilia
gustatory bulbs
61
Which of the following is not one of the intelligence types described by Gardner?
logical-mathemathical
mechanical
spatial
musical
62
You see a female VP being pushy/aggressive, and then assume all female VPs are this way, which
a heuristic observation
demonstrates an illusory correlation
a contravened stereotype
a self-serving attribution
63
The Binet-Simon scale of intelligence expressed a child's score in terms of...
a potential score
a percentile score
mental age
IQ
64
Who is responsible for establishing psychology as an independent discipline?
William James
Wilhelm Wundt
Rene Decartes
G. Stanley Hall
65
Which brain structure is most closely related to regulating emotions?
cerebellum
limbic system
reticular formation
brainstem
66
Classical conditioning could account for how a child learns to...
tie shoe laces
sing a song
fear the dark
print letters
67
The EEG pattern associated with normal, waking, alert states is...
alpha
gamma
delta
beta
68
Framing refers to...
presenting only part of the information required
presenting irrelevant information
how alternatives in a decision problem are presented
structuring decision problems so they lead to poor decisions
69
The amygdala plays a role in the modulation of which emotion?
happiness
surprise
fear
sadness
70
The decrease in individual effort exerted by group members when working together on a task is..
group polarization
deindividuation
social loafing
conformity
71
The awareness of self, your thoughts, internal sensations and external stimuli is defined as...
perception
consciousness
sensation
hypnosis
72
If a dog salivates to a blue light but not a yellow light, the dog is demonstrating...
conditioned emotional reactions
stimulus discrimination
stimulus generalization
spontaneous recovery
73
Multiple-choice tests use what measure of memory?
reiteration
recall
recognition
relearning
74
People who have hormonal imbalances have problems with their...
reticular formation
limbic system
leftbrain/right brain communication
endocrine system
75
Which of the following does not belong with the other three?
thalamus
pituitary
thyroid
gonads
76
Reliability refers to the _______ of a measuring device, such as a test.
representativeness
consistency
accuracy of inference
predictability
77
Failure to actively seek out contrary evidence may lead to...
the conjunction fallacy
the confirmation bias
overestimating the improbable
the gambler's fallacy
78
The idea that we should pay back in kind what we receive from others is known as the..
the principle of collectivism
the reciprocity norm
display rules
the law of cognitive dissonance
79
The chemicals that are secreted from the terminal buttons into the synapse are...
neurotransmitters
agonists
action potentials
antagonists
80
Dave washes his hands 50 times a day, even when they're not dirty. This is an example of..
a delusion
a phobia
a compulsion
an obsession
81
The area of psychology referring to mental processes or thinking is known as...
introspection
mentalism
cognition
intelligence
82
During the sensorimotor stage of cognitive development, a child experiences the world through..
logical reasoning
systematic hypothesis testing
abstract operations
physical interaction
83
If a psychological test intends to tell you how you score relative to others, they must develop
test scores
test norms
test levels
test scales
84
Alice has a dog phobia, and is being told to completely relax and imagine a dog. This is...
aversion therapy
systematic desensitization
psychotherapy
avoidance therapy
85
The structure that controls the size of the pupil is the...
lens
cornea
vitreous humor
iris
86
Which type of data collection is the best for studying attitudes?
physiological recordings
questionnaires
direct observation
psychological tests
87
What appears to be responsible for regulating circadian rhythm?
cultural practices
exposure to light
amount of time awake
amount of time alseep
88
In relation to age, which of the following does not belong with the others?
formal operations
development of secondary sex characteristics
autonomy vs. shame & doubt
post-conventional moral reasoning
89
Freud concluded that psychological disturbances are largely caused by...
conflicts between unconscious desires and environment
unrealistic demands from family/friends
genetic dispositions to behave in a particular way
personal conflicts existing at the unconscious level
90
The idea that dreams are the cortex's attempt to make sense of general firing of the brain is..
problem-solving theory
None of the Above
wish fulfillment theory
activation-synthesis theory
91
What kind of validity do the ACT and SAT strive for?
construct
content
absolute
criterion-related
92
Cohort effects are most closely associated with which research design?
longitundinal
cross-sectional
time of testing
sequential
93
If Jane used an external attribution to explain why her son got into a fight, she would say...
he always gets in fights
the other boy started it and he was defending himself
he's just like his father
he can't help himself since he doesn't have self-control
94
____ measure general mental ability while ___ measure various aspects of people (values, etc).
personality; standardized
standardized; intelligence
intelligence; standardized
intelligence; personality
95
Which statistical method is used to determine the reliability of a test?
standard deviation
correlation coefficients
means
percentiles
96
Watson defined psychology as the scientific study of...
the unconscious
conscious experience
the brain
behavior
97
In Milgram's study of obedience, subjects...
became the recipient of painful electric shocks
were ordered to deliver painful shocks to a stranger
were put into a simulated prison
indicated which of 3 lines matched the "standard line"
98
Widely held beliefs about groups of people based on their group membership defines...
stereotypes
cognitive structuring
cultural direction
schematizing
99
According to the medical model...
all mental illnesses can be treated using drugs
all physical illnesses have a psychological component
abnormal behavior can be thought of as a disease
all mental illnesses are caused by biological factors
100
Although Sheri falls asleep easily, she has difficulty remaining asleep. Sheri suffers from..
insomnia
sleep apnea
pseudoinsomnia
narcolepsy
101
According to the five-factor model, people who score _____ tend to be trusting and cooperative.
high in agreeableness
low in extraversion
low in openness
high in neuroticism
102
Potty training is a key challenge in which of Erikson's stages of development?
industry vs. inferiority
trust vs. mistrust
initiative vs. guilt
autonomy vs. shame & doubt
103
A drug that depresses central nervous system activity is referred to as...
a sedative
an amphetamine
a hallucinogen
a narcotic
104
Which technique would be most useful for locating specific neurotransmitters in the brain?
computerized tomography
positron emission tomography
magnetic resonance imaging
electrographic tomography
105
A person who perceives stimuli that aren't there is said to have...
delusions
obsessions
illusions
hallucinations
106
The fundamental attribution error leads observers to attribute crime in poor neighborhoods to..
the personal qualities of the residents
job discrimination experienced by the residents
crowded living conditions
poor police protection
107
Free association and dream analysis were held to be major methods to discover the makeup of...
maladaptive behaviors
the unconscious
irrational thoughts
the conscious
108
Which of the following is not a characteristic of antisocial personality disorder?
aggressiveness
manipulative behavior
social charm
excessive guilt
109
What is somnambulism?
difficulty breathing when asleep
sleep-walking
difficulty remaining asleep
sleep-talking
110
A father suggests that his son's low marks are due to the child's laziness. He has made...
a distinctive attribution
an external attribution
an internal attribution
a situational attribution
111
Hadley uses ____ to relieve the symptoms of her glaucoma and relax her.
heroin
cocaine
marijuana
mescaline
112
A stimulus evokes a response that was originally evoked by another stimulus in...
observational learning
classical conditioning
operant conditioning
state-dependent learning
113
Putting group goals ahead of personal goals & defining one's identity in terms of the group is
attributionism
collectivism
functionalism
individualism
114
We often perceive a series of dots as a "solid" line because of the Gestalt principle of...
closure
constancy
similiarity
symmetry
115
Voluntary responses come to be controlled by their consequences in what type of learning?
classical conditioning
operant conditioning
observational learning
reinforcement
116
The minimum length of time between action potentials is determined by...
transduction capacity
transduction incapacity
the absolute refractory period
the relative threshold period
117
Tension reduction is the goal of which motivational theory?
incentive theory
instinct theory
drive theory
evolutionary theory
118
Anhedonia is when a person...
has two different psychological disorders
has difficulty experiencing pleasure
has trouble getting along with people
experiences mild manic states
119
Conditioned taste aversions represent an unusual or atypical example of...
punishment
observational learning
operant conditioning
classical conditioning
120
A student's organized set of expectations on how a professor should act is an example of a..
script
chunk
schema
semantic network
121
Unusually vivid and detailed recollections of momentous events are called...
episodic memories
flashbulb memories
sensory memories
non-declarative memories
122
The superego is Freud's term for...
the conscious aspect of personality
the mediating agent between the id and ego
the biological impulses that drive behavior
the moral component of personality
123
When a choice must be made between two unattractive goals, you are experiencing...
a risk-aversion conflict
an approach-approach conflict
an approach-avoidance conflict
an avoidance-avoidance conflict
124
A perceptual set implies that...
people often see what they expect to see
visual perception is based on bottom-up processing
feature analysis is a "hard-wired" process
the focused-attention stage of processing is overridden
125
Learning to crawl is an example of which motor development sequence?
encephalitis
the cephalocaudal trend
the cephalopedal trend
the proximodistal trend
126
According to the James-Lange theory, one's conscious experience of emotion occurs..
simultaneously with autonomic arousal
independently of autonomic arousal
before autonomic arousal
after autonomic arousal
127
Prejudice is to discrimination as...
behavior is to motive
feeling is to thinking
attitude is to action
thought is to perception
128
The deepest level of processing which involves emphasizing the meaning of words is known as...
attention encoding
the semantic level of encoding
the triarchic level of encoding
dyadic encoding
129
What is cognitive dissonance?
a state of tension produced by inconsistent cognitions
occurs only when cognitions are unrelated
feeling of discomfort experienced by receivers of persuasion
feelings of guilt produced by acting against your conscience
130
What is not a characteristic of groupthink?
gathering all the relevant information (pros & cons)
censoring dissent from group members
censoring information that contradicts the group's views
dividing the world into the ingroup & outgroup
131
An antagonist...
prevents reuptake of neurotransmitters
extends the absolute refractory period
blocks the action of neurotransmitters
mimics the action of a neurotransmitter
132
Negative reinforcement involves...
the removal of a pleasant stimulus
the presentation of a pleasant stimulus
the removal of an unpleasant stimulus
the presentation of an unpleasant stimulus
133
The largely unconscious reactions used to protect us from guilt and anxiety are known as...
coping mechanisms
offense mechanisms
defense mechanisms
id mechanisms
134
Diffusion of responsibility refers to the...
basis for performing pro-social behavior
assumption others will take responsibility;bystander effect
halo effect in aggression
loss of identity one experiences in mob violence
135
Expectations about what is appropriate behavior for each sex most accurately describes...
gender roles
gender stereotypes
gender behaviors
gender differences
136
If you suffer from depression, which type of psychologists would be of the most help to you?
a developmental psychologist
a social psychologist
a forensic psychologist
a clinical psychologist
137
In order for a memory to be stored, it must first be..
encoded
modeled
retrieved
ablated
138
A valid test is one that...
measures what it is supposed to measure
is consistent
has been standardized but not normed
is reliable
139
The process of selectively reinforcing responses that are closer to the desired response is..
selection
shaping
step-wise conditioning
stimulus discrimination
140
Inferences that people draw about the causes of their and other's behavior are known as..
stereotypes
self-serving bias
attributions
prejudices
141
Slot machines increase gambling behavior through the use of...
an intermittent reinforcement schedule
a continuous reinforcement schedule
a non-contingent reinforcement schedule
a short-delay reinforcement schedule
142
Focusing awareness on a narrowed range of stimuli or events defines...
perception
processing
sensation
attention
143
A worker who is paid every Friday for completing his 40-hour work week is being paid on a...
variable-ratio schedule
variable-interval schedule
fixed-ratio schedule
fixed-interval schedule
144
An electroencephalograph is used in sleep research to measure brain-wave activity in the...
hypothalamus
corpus callosum
medulla
cerebral cortex
145
Rehearsal is most beneficial for maintaining information in _______ memory.
long-term
sensory
short-term
intermediate-term
146
The school of psychology associated with understanding the purpose of behavior is...
behaviorism
neodynamism
functionalism
psychoanalysis
147
The test you are currently taking is an example of what kind of test?
an aptitude test
an intelligence test
an achievement test
a personality test
148
The ability to rapidly process words in reading depends most on...
lateral processing
bottom-up processing
bottom-to-top processing
top-down processing
149
When people overestimate the frequency of violent crimes because these events are on TV, they..
are using the representativeness heuristic
use a holistic decision model
use the elimination by aspects strategy
are using the availability heuristic
150
Common side effects of ____ include mood swings, aggression, and impaired mental functioning.
cannabis
alcohol
narcotics
sedatives

Duplicate of AP Psychology - AP Exam Review Flashcards | StudBud