Unit 1: Scientific Foundations of Psychology Review

Julie is developing a test to measure achievement levels of middle school students. Which domain is most applicable?

What is the primary advantage of conducting a survey rather than using other types of research methods?

Behaviors, events, or other characteristics that can change, or vary, in some way.

Focuses on the organization of perception & thinking in a “whole” sense rather than individual elements of perception.

Dr. Sampson follows the structuralist school of thought. Her techniques would most likely include...

Research that is repeated, sometimes using other procedures, settings, and groups of participants

When an investigator simply observes some naturally occurring behavior & does not make a change in the situation.

A group participating in an experiment that receives no treatment.

1832-1920; Structuralist; Introspection, basic units of experience; Studies: 1st psychological laboratory

Factors that distort how the independent variable affects the dependent variable in an experiment.

1878-1958; Behaviorism; Generalization-inductive reasoning, emphasis on external behaviors; Studies: Little Albert

The variable that is manipulated by an experimenter.

The investigation between variables by producing a change in one variable in a situation and observing the effects.

The approach that suggests that observable, which can be objectively measured, should be the focus of study.

The approach that focuses on how people think, understand, and know about the world.

The change that an experimenter deliberately produces in a situation.

What would be the best way of learning about how lack of sleep affects performance?

Psychologists systematically acquire knowledge and understanding about behavior and other phenomena of interest.

1809-1882; Geology, Biology; Transmutation of species, natural selection; Studies: "The Origin of Species"

An in-depth, intensive investigation of an individual or small group of people.

A prediction, stemming from a theory, stated in a way that allows it to be tested.

The advantage of an experiment is that it allows a researcher to...

1842-1910; Functionalist; Studied how humans use perception to function in environment; Studies: The Meaning of Truth

Broad explanations and predictions concerning phenomena of interest.

The translation of a hypothesis into specific, testable procedures that can be measured and observed in an experiment.

1904-1990; Behaviorist; Created techniques to manipulate the consequences of organism's behavior; Studies: Skinner box

1846-1924; Focused on human life span development and evolutionary theory; First president of the APA

Which of the following is true of the American Psychological Association?

The manipulation implemented by the experimenter.

An outcome in which the observed outcome would be expected to have occurred by chance with a probability of .05 or less.

Any group participating in an experiment that receives a treatment.

Suggests that all individuals naturally strive to grow, develop, and be in control of their lives and behavior.

A person is asked to describe in detail what they are experiencing when they are exposed to a stimulus.

Research in which the relationship between two sets of variables is examined to determine whether they are associated

1856-1939; Psychoanalyst, personality; id/ego/superego, reality & pleasure principles, ego ideal, defense mechanisms

The idea that behavior is caused primarily by choices that are made freely by the individual.

Research in which people chosen to represent a larger population are asked a series of questions.

Wundt’s approach, focuses on understanding components of consciousness, thinking, & other mental states and activities.

1896-1980; Cognitivist; Created a 4-stage theory of cognitive development; Assimilation and Accommodation

The scientific study of behavior and mental processes.

A teacher wants to help 2nd graders improve reading. At the end of the year, they conclude their tips worked. Problem?

The benefit of using inferential statistics is that it allows a researcher to...

1891-1951; Gastroenterologist; Developed foundation for classical conditioning; Studies: dog salivation

Factors that distort how the independent variable affects the dependent variable in an experiment.

The variable that is measured in an experiment. It is expected to change as a result of the experimenter’s manipulation.

A group received a new medication & another group received a standard medication. Which group is the control?

Deception can be used in research when...

Samantha experienced a traumatic brain injury. The best research method to study Samantha would be...

The Gestalt law that would affect perception of the picture below is influenced by the law of...

1802-1887; Advocate for mentally ill; Lobbied for first generation of American Mental Asylums

7, 5, 10, 4, 4 What is the median of the numbers?

The approach that views behavior from the perspective of the brain, the nervous system, and other biological functions.

The view that behavior is motivated by unconscious inner forces over which the individual has little control.

A document signed by participants or guardians affirming that they have been told the basic outlines of the study.

Early approach to psych. concentrated on what the mind does & behavior allowing people to adapt to their environments.

1871-1939; First woman to receive doctorate in psychology; Worked on animal behavior

A procedure in which participants are assigned to groups or “conditions” on the basis of chance and chance alone.

2, 2, 2, 4, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12, 14, 16 What is the range of the numbers?

1863-1930; Studied memory; First female president of the American Psychological Association (APA)

An unmeasured third variable that influences both the supposed cause and the supposed effect.

Dr. Rodriguez is interested in finding out if stress levels throughout the year have a relationship with grades.

The idea that people’s behavior is produced primarily by factors outside of their willful control.

When seeking approval to conduct an experiment using participants from her college, a student researcher should...

A false treatment, such as a pill, “drug,” or other substance, without any active ingredients.

1902-1987; Humanist; Founded person-centered therapy; freedom & potential for personal growth