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IAL Biopsychology Paper 2 Flashcards | StudBud
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IAL Biopsychology Paper 2
What is the function of the PFC?
What is the endocrine system?
IAL Biopsychology Paper 2
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1
What is the endocrine system?
network of glands across the body that secrete hormones
Part of the brain involving survival behaviours
Filters waste from cerebral fluid
Controls nerve impulses for motor control
2
What is the function of the PFC?
controls behaviour & delays gratification of impulses
Inhibits the amygdala
Regulates emotional responses
Processes visual information
3
What is the function of the cerebellum?
coordination
all of the above
equilibrium
balance
4
What was the aim of Raine et al. ?
to analyse the influence of genetics on criminal behaviour
impact of neurotransmitter levels on brain activity
a difference in the structure of brain activity in NGRIs and non-murderers
role of hormones in regulating brain function
5
What are CAT scans?
Detects abnormalities in the brain by passing X-Rays through it
x-ray scans of a kitty cat
Uses magnetic field to follow haemoglobin in the blood
Injection of a radioactive tracer to show areas metabolising glucose
6
What is the function of the frontal lobe?
Controls personality, judgement & sense of taste
controls personality, movement & judgement
controls writing, visual perception & interpretation
controls personality, judgement & reflexes
7
What is the function of the parietal lobe?
reading, voluntary movement & writing
sense of taste, touch & smell, coordination & balance
sense of taste, touch & smell, reflexes & breathing
Sense of taste, touch & smell, spacial perception, writing
8
What does seratonin do?
aids with sleeping, eating & digestion
B-O-A-F boaf
stabilises our mood, feelings of wellbeing & happiness
9
What did Kluver & Bucy (1939) do?
removed the main areas of the limbic system in Rhesus monkeys
removed the amygdala & surrounding cortical areas
All of them
removed the hippocampus
10
A sensory neurone transmits information ab. the senses from the sense organs to the rest of the brain
True
False
11
A motor neurone recieves messages from the CNS & generates movements
True
False
12
What is the cingulate gyrus responsible for?
auditory processing & language comprehension
focusing attention on emotionally significant events
motor coordination & balance
visual perception & recognition
13
What are PET scans?
Magnetic field that finds haemoglobin in blood & follows it
Injection of radioactive tracer which indicates areas metabolising glucose
Detects abnormalities in the brain by passing multiple X-rays through it
14
What are strengths of the biological approach?
Drug treatments: alter neurotransmitters to ease symptoms
Scientific equipment used with high levels of controls
reductionist to assume all behaviour is explained by neurotransmission
most research is correlational
15
What is the limbic system?
includes the amygdala
implicated in reactive aggression
connects to the cingulate gyrus & PFC which is involved in forward planning
all of dem
16
What is dopamine involved in?
all of the above
reward & motivation
regulating body movements
memory & attention
17
What are weaknesses of fMRI scans?
Good spatial resolution
Non-invasive
Poor Temporal resolution
metal objects must be removed- issues with pacemakers
18
CAT scans emit radiation which may be harmful e.g: to a foetus if a woman is unaware she is pregnant
False
True
19
A sensory neurone transmits information from your sense organs to the rest of the brain
True
False
20
What is the hypothalamus responsible for?
manages hormonal balance & circadian rhythms
manages sleep-wake cycles by influencing the release of sleep hormones
processes sensory info related to smell & taste
regulation of the ANS, which in turn regulates responses to emotional thing
21
A motor neurone receives messages from the CNS and generates movements
True
False
22
Wong found the volume of the amygdala was significantly larger in the 19 violent criminals
True
False
23
What are fMRI scans?
Magnetic field used to find & follow oxygenated haemoglobin
Passes multiple X-rays to detect abnormalities in the brain
Injection of radioactive tracer to see which areas metabolise more glucose
24
ACT has links to REM sleep. Low ACT levels may result in sleepwalking
True
False
25
What is the function of the brain stem?
reflexes, swallowing, sense of touch, taste & smell
reflexes, breathing, hearing, memory
Reflexes, breathing, balance, digestion
breathing, swallowing, visual perception
26
How many pps were there in Raine's sudy?
14
41
63
42
27
What did Wong et al. (1997) do?
Compared the size of the amygdala to 20 control subjects
boaf
Undertook MRI scans of 19 violent male criminals in Broadmoor Hospital
28
What are advantages of fMRI scans?
Good spatial resolution
Non-invasive
Poor temporal resolution
Patient must be cooperative
29
What does seratonin aid with?
modulates pain perception
controls appetite
maintains bone density
sleeping, eating & digestion
30
What did Kluver & Bucy find?
the monkeys ate other monkey's food and pooed in their faces
the monkeys displayed an absence of emotional, motor & vocal reactions
31
If the PFC is damaged, the amygdala is no longer inhibited, making us more aggressive e.g: Phineas Gage
False
True
32
The amygdala is responsible for emotional reactions. Overactivity can cause aggression.
True
False
33
What is the function of the brain stem?
reflexes, breathing, coordination, equilibrium
reflexes, swallowing, memory, balance
hearing, voluntary movement & judgement
reflexes, breathing, swallowing, digestion
34
What are weaknesses of the biological approach?
Drug treatments that alter neurotransmitters can ease symptoms
Most research is correlational, so cause and effect cannot be established
Uses scientific equipment with high levels of controls
Reductionist to assume all behaviour is due to neurotransmission
35
Why is the sample of Raine's investigation unrepresentative?
NGRIs aren't typical murderers so result may not be applicable to others
sample was far too small of all males so it can't be generalised to women
all of them
sample killed their victims violently and isn't representative of others
36
What is the function of the occipital lobe?
spatial perception, breathing & visual interpretation
visual perception, reading & balance
visual interpretation & perfecption, reading.
visual awareness, perception & writing
37
What are weaknesses of PET scans?
Expensive to use
some people are allergic to the radioactive tracer
Cannot be used on children or pregnant women
All of them
38
Why does Raine's study lack ecological validity?
unnatural task so brains were in an unusual state while being scanned
the study used outdated brain imaging techniques
the sample included only individuals with specific psychiatric disorders
the study focused solely on male pps
39
What are advantages of PET scans?
Expensive to use
Provides an image of brain activity
Identifies metabolically active areas of the brain
Radioactive material used
40
What in the PFC has been linked to ASPD & aggression?
A reduction in volume of grey matter (ASPD)
Low seratonin levels linked to higher aggression levels
B-O-A-F boaf
41
Reactive aggression is a response in anticipation of a reward. Proactive aggression is a response to a perceived threat
True
False
42
What sort of test was performed on the pps of Raine's study?
fMRI
CAT
PET
DOG
43
If the PFC is damaged, our impulses (aggression) will no longer be controlled & we are more likely to act on them
True
False
44
What is the function of the temporal lobe?
memory, balance & reading
memory, hearing, feelings, learning
hearing, equilibrium, judgement
memory, hearing, saptial perception & writing
45
What is the correct definition for the biological approach?
Behaviour ultimately is shaped by societal norms & values
Behaviour is shaped by our social interactions
Behaviour ultimately has a biological cause
Behaviour ultimately is caused by environment
46
If the hypothalamus is damaged, it will result in an inappropriate aggressive response to a perceived threat
False
True
47
A sensory neurone receives messages from the CNS and generates movements
True
False
48
What is the limbic system?
responsible for doing the limbo
Generates electrical signals for language processing
Part of the brain involving survival behaviours
Regulates hormone levels for bodily functions
