Succession is possible because

new species get the environment less suitable for older ones

Chaparral plants usually survive fires because

can resprout from small amounts of surviving plant tissue.

Which of the following is not true about temperate deciduous forests?

Trees grow lush leaves in spring lose their leaves in summer

must take place at extremely high temperatures.

Erosion is most likely when the soil is

bare and exposed to wind and rain.

Why is the world’s loss of biodiversity a source of concern?

Humans depend upon other organisms for food and oxygen

A focus of environmental science not studied in ecology is the

influence of humans on the environment.

No-till farming helps to conserve soil fertility because

.remnants of the previous crop are left to slowly decay.

Which type of building would most likely have poor indoor air quality?

one that is tightly sealed and air-conditioned

A true statement about sulfur dioxides is that they are

involved in the formation of acid precipitation.

Erosion is most likely when the soil is

bare and exposed to wind and rain.

Climate in a region is

the long-term, prevailing atmospheric conditions.

nuclei lighter in weigh that existed before the reaction

When animals are placed in controlled or restrictive environments, they

may have difficulty meeting their basic survival needs.

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Environmental Science Review

75 termsStudBud Administration

Environmental science review

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Questions 75

Answers

1
Succession is possible because
existing plants reproduce quickly.
climates change over time.
new species get the environment less suitable for older ones
it is a rapid and chaotic process
2
Chaparral plants usually survive fires because
can resprout from small amounts of surviving plant tissue.
deep root systems that keep them moist during a fire.
they contain oils that act as natural fire extinguishers
water is stored in their small, leathery leaves.
3
Which of the following is not true about temperate deciduous forests?
The soil is rich, and plants cover much of the forest floor
Animals find food in the form of nuts, berries, and leaves.
Both (a) and (b)
Trees grow lush leaves in spring lose their leaves in summer
4
Which of the following is not an environmental effect of deforestation?
loss of topsoil
re-establishment of trees
reduction of wildlife habitat
soil erosion
5
Which organism produces most of the food in an aquatic ecosystem?
zooplankton
phytoplankton
fish
barnacles
6
Traffic jams,polluted air and water can be caused by rapid growth in cities,known as
urbanization.
infrastructure.
urban crisis.
urban sprawl.
7
Which vegetation would you find on an empty farm that has remained undisturbed for 150 years?
tall, mature oak trees
short grasses
shrubs
young pine trees
8
Which areas of the United States represent ecosystems with high levels of biodiversity?
coastal California
All of the above
Florida Everglades
Hawaiian Islands
9
The classification and collection of data that are in the form of numbers is called
statistics
distribution
mean.
probability.
10
Which of the following would not be a consequence of a rise in global temperature?
rising sea level
increased frequency of major storms
increased polar ice mass
increased frequency of major droughts
11
process of 2 species changing genetically in response to longterm interactions with each other
resistance
selective breeding.
artificial selection.
coevolution.
12
The number of wild horses per square kilometer in a prairie is the horse populations
size
dispersion
density
birth rate.
13
Nuclear fusion
nuclei that are lighter in weight than the nuclei before
must take place in low-density containers.
must take place at extremely high temperatures.
is cool
14
Erosion is most likely when the soil is
planted to the forest.
bare and exposed to wind and rain.
covered with grass.
plowed along the contour of the land
15
Why is the world’s loss of biodiversity a source of concern?
Both (a) and (b)
Humans depend upon other organisms for food and oxygen
Species extinctions have been rare throughout history.
Loss of biodiversity isn't a problem b/c extinctions are reg
16
Which of the following best describes the effect of a mountain range on the climate of a region
Average temperatures are lower at high elevations
coastal side of range usually has high levels of rain
All of the above
A desert is often found on the inland side of the range.
17
Which of the following is a threat to coral reefs?
oil spills
All of the above
pesticides
sewage
18
The U.S. Census Bureau defines an urban area as an area that contains more than
2,500 people.
250 people.
250,000 people.
25,000 people.
19
Land where it is possible to grow crops is called
vegetative land.
All of the above
organic land.
arable land.
20
In an experiment, the factor of interest is called the
experimental group.1
hypothesis
control group.
variable
21
What is reforestation?
replanting trees in an area
removing selected trees from an area
none of the above
removing all trees from an area
22
Before you can make a decision using a decision-making model, what step must you take?
Consider which values apply to the issue.
Explore the consequences of each option.
All of the above
Gather information
23
A focus of environmental science not studied in ecology is the
interaction among living things.
Both (a) and (b)
influence of humans on the environment.
use of natural resources.
24
Reasons for preserving biodiversity include all of the following except
isolating unique genetic material
preventing natural evolution.
discovering organisms with medicinal value.
finding new plants that supplement the world’s food supply.
25
Human population growth was most rapid during which period of human history?
Modern Age
Stone Ages
Bronze and Iron Ages Ice Ages Modern Aged.Stone Ages
Ice Ages
26
As they flow down a mountain to flatter ground, rivers generally become
wider.
warmer.
All of the above
slower
27
Which is responsible for making nitrogen in the atmosphere usable by living organisms?
decomposing bacteria
conversion of nitrogen into carbohydrates by photosynthesis
nitrogen-fixing bacteria
absorption of nitrogen into water systems
28
No-till farming helps to conserve soil fertility because
the ground is carefully turned to mix soil nutrients.
.remnants of the previous crop are left to slowly decay.
deep ridges are cut across, not down, the slopes of hills
only organic fertilizers and natural pesticides are used.
29
Most of the energy consumed in the United States is used for
transportation
industrial purposes.
residential electrical needs.
commercial electrical needs.
30
A heat exchanger is used in
passive solar heating.
active solar heating.
wind turbines.
geothermal power plants.
31
Single-celled organisms with cell walls but no nuclei are
All of the above
bacteria
protists.
fungi.
32
Which of the following is not an environmental function of wetlands?
trapping carbon that would be released into the air
increasing runoff
absorbing and removing pollutants from water
controlling floods
33
Which organism is likely to be in the bottom trophic level of a food chain?
leopard seal
algae
killer whale
krill
34
Which type of building would most likely have poor indoor air quality?
one that is tightly sealed and air-conditioned
one that has not been repainted in several years
one in an urban area where windows are often open
one in a cool climate with a good ventilation system
35
Which model would you use to represent the shape of Earth’s surface beneath the oceans?
mathematical
graphical
physical
conceptual
36
A true statement about sulfur dioxides is that they are
participants in the chemical reactions that produce ozone.
involved in the formation of acid precipitation.
released when solvents are used in manufacturing.
primarily a byproduct of fuel burning in automobiles.
37
From whom must mining companies obtain permits before mining a site?
a bonding company
local government only
federal agencies only
state and federal agencies
38
Erosion is most likely when the soil is
plowed along the contour of the land.
bare and exposed to wind and rain.
planted to forest.
covered with grass.
39
The layer of impurities on top of molten metal that forms during smelting is called
flux
dredge.
smelt
slag.
40
Latitude influences climate b/c__solar energy falls on areas that are closer to the equator
sometimes less
less
the same amount of
more
41
Climate in a region is
never affected by ocean currents.
the atmospheric conditions on a given day.
determined only by seasonal daylight hours.
the long-term, prevailing atmospheric conditions.
42
Which of the following would cause the smallest increase in smog in an urban area?
location in a valley or basin
frequent thermal inversions
dependence on coal for heating
combustion of ethanol in cars
43
What are wind and water erosion not likely to affect?
tides
soil
mountains
rocks
44
The major human causes of extinction today are
Both (a) and (b)
hunting and destroying habitats.
polluting and introducing non-native species.
Neither (a) or (b)
45
Light pollution can be decreased by
using incandescent light bulbs.
increasing the number of lights per block on a city street.
directing lighting downward.
lighting billboards from below.
46
Which is not a mechanism of energy transfer through or within Earth’s atmosphere?
conduction
radiation
convection
condensation
47
Nuclear fusion
nuclei lighter in weigh that existed before the reaction
.does not release a great amount of energy.
must take place at extremely high temperatures
must take place in low-density containers.
48
Placer deposits are surface mineral deposits that have been concentrated by
evaporation and condensation.
surface mining.
subsurface mining.
movement of wind and water.
49
When animals are placed in controlled or restrictive environments, they
are less likely to compete.
immune to infectious diseases that are common in the wild.
may have difficulty meeting their basic survival needs.
low rate of genetic disorders b/c their gene pool is large.
50
With respect to energy, Earth is a(n)
open system
unstable system.
stationary system.
closed system.
51
The chance that an earthquake will occur in your town during the next year is an example of
risk.
distribution
correlation
skepticism
52
Which of the following is not an example of exponential growth?
a bank account that earns interest
mold appearing on bread overnight
rabbit populations after being introduced to Australia
reindeer of the Pribilof Islands eating most of the lichens
53
Many angiosperms depend on
gymnosperms for reproducing
animals to carry pollen and disperse seeds.
plants for food
other animals in the oceans.
54
Which of the following statements related to global warming is not accurate?
Carbon dioxide levels have risen over the last 30 years.
Only fossil fuels release carbon dioxide when burned.
reforestation is not sufficient to slow global warming.
unicorns are real
55
The current rate of species extinction is
of little consequence to Earth’s long-term survival.
slower than at any other time in this century.
the result of natural environmental processes.
attributable to the actions of humans.
56
Which country is most likely to have either a stabilized or a slowly growing population?
India
Mexico
Pakistan
Canada
57
which of the following is not a main use of fuel?
manufacturing
transportation
heating and cooling buildings
cooking
58
Organisms can adapt
Both (a) and (b)
to other organisms.
Neither (a) or (b)
to their physical surroundings.
59
Acid mine drainage
harms or kills aquatic life.
is unregulated in the United States.
purifies streams.
causes acid rain.
60
Because birth rates have begun to fall, Earth’s population will
increase a short time and then decrease to current levels.
begin to decrease until it reaches 5 billion
stabilize somewhere around 9 billion by 2050.
soon stabilize at the level it is today—about 6 billion.
61
a biodegradable material that becomes a pollutant if allowed to gain faster it can decompose
Newspaper
Mercury
Plastic
Metal from junk cars
62
A model of a dinosaur is an example of a _____ model.
physical
graphical
conceptual
mathematical
63
Deep currents flow along the
ocean floor.
thermocline
halocline.
ocean surface.
64
Reintroducing the gray wolf in certain areas of the northwestern United States
creates a mutualist interaction between wolves and elks.
discourages hunters from hunting other animals.
in accordance with the U.S. Endangered Species Act of 1973
is beneficial for all of those working in that area.
65
a critical difference between today’s global warming &Earth’s previous climate changes is that
global warming occurs more during previous climate changes
human-made chemicals do not influence global warming.
Cheese
previous changes in climate were dramatic & very short-lived
66
Human population growth was most rapid during which period of human history?
Modern Age
Bronze and Iron Ages
Ice Ages
Stone Ages
67
Which kind of organism obtains energy only from producers?
omnivores
decomposers
All of the above
herbivores
68
the distance north or south of the equator, as measured in degrees, is called
altitude
magnitude
latitude
longitude
69
Which of the following is Earth’s densest atmospheric layer?
stratosphere
mesosphere
troposphere
thermosphere
70
A true statement about parasitism is that parasites
immediately kill their hosts.
may cause hosts to become more vulnerable to predators.
are always animals and never plants.
do not live on or in their hosts’ bodies.
71
The energy in fossil fuels is often converted into
magnetic fields.
power plants.
uranium.
electricity.
72
in the troposphere, which of the following decreases as altitude increases?
radiation
pressure
Both (a) and (c)
temperature
73
An example of a population is
all plants in a forest.
all animals in a forest.
all maple trees in a forest.
all trees in a forest.
74
Which areas of the United States represent ecosystems with high levels of biodiversity?
All of the above
Hawaiian Islands
Florida Everglades
coastal California
75
Geothermal heat pumps can heat homes by
All of the above
using underground rivers to turn a small turbine.
pumping hot water or steam from deep underground
a.circulating fluid underground to absorb heat from Earth

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