The Classical Era saw scientific advancements shift world views, emphasizing reason and diminishing traditional authority, alongside the rise of the middle class. The Classical Style introduced balance and structure in music and arts, highlighted by composers like Haydn, Mozart, and Beethoven, characterized by mood contrasts, flexible rhythms, homophonic textures, tuneful melodies, dynamic expressions, a standardized yet varied orchestra, and multi-movement forms such as symphonies and sonatas.