Freud concluded that psychological disturbances are largely caused by...

personal conflicts existing at the unconscious level

The fundamental attribution error leads observers to attribute crime in poor neighborhoods to..

the personal qualities of the residents

The superego is Freud's term for...

the moral component of personality

A perceptual set implies that...

people often see what they expect to see

In Milgram's study of obedience, subjects...

were ordered to deliver painful shocks to a stranger

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AP Psychology - AP Mock Review 3/7

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A basic review over all material covered in AP Psychology used to prepare for the AP Exam.

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Questions 117

Answers

1
The registration of sensory input without conscious awareness refers to
a false alarm
subliminal perception
a just noticeable difference
a superimposed stimulus
2
Freud concluded that psychological disturbances are largely caused by...
personal conflicts existing at the unconscious level
unrealistic demands from family/friends
genetic dispositions to behave in a particular way
conflicts between unconscious desires and environment
3
The process of selectively reinforcing responses that are closer to the desired response is..
selection
stimulus discrimination
shaping
step-wise conditioning
4
What kind of validity do the ACT and SAT strive for?
absolute
criterion-related
content
construct
5
A person who loses memories of events that occur following a head injury is experiencing...
retroactive interference
anterograde amnesia
retrograde amnesia
pseudoforgetting
6
The structure that controls the size of the pupil is the...
cornea
lens
iris
vitreous humor
7
Inferences that people draw about the causes of their and other's behavior are known as..
self-serving bias
prejudices
attributions
stereotypes
8
The awareness of self, your thoughts, internal sensations and external stimuli is defined as...
consciousness
perception
hypnosis
sensation
9
A stimulus evokes a response that was originally evoked by another stimulus in...
operant conditioning
observational learning
classical conditioning
state-dependent learning
10
The neurotransmitter associated with schizophrenia is...
serotonin
endorphin
acetylcholine
dopamine
11
After having his first ice cream cone yesterday, Dave keeps asking for ice cream, demonstrating
overextension
fast-mapping
semantic slanting
metalinguistic awareness
12
The hypothalamus influences or regulates all of the following except...
the autonomic nervous system
feeding
memory
the endocrine system
13
The fundamental attribution error leads observers to attribute crime in poor neighborhoods to..
poor police protection
the personal qualities of the residents
job discrimination experienced by the residents
crowded living conditions
14
The area of psychology referring to mental processes or thinking is known as...
introspection
cognition
intelligence
mentalism
15
If you were awakened during REM sleep, you would probably report that you had...
been dreaming
not been dreaming
not really been asleep
a headache
16
Free association and dream analysis were held to be major methods to discover the makeup of...
the unconscious
maladaptive behaviors
irrational thoughts
the conscious
17
We often perceive a series of dots as a "solid" line because of the Gestalt principle of...
symmetry
constancy
closure
similiarity
18
If a teacher gives an exam with questions that were not covered in class, the test lacks..
standardized validity
predictive validity
criterion-related validity
content validity
19
The superego is Freud's term for...
the biological impulses that drive behavior
the moral component of personality
the conscious aspect of personality
the mediating agent between the id and ego
20
Unusually vivid and detailed recollections of momentous events are called...
sensory memories
episodic memories
flashbulb memories
non-declarative memories
21
Which technique would be most useful for locating specific neurotransmitters in the brain?
magnetic resonance imaging
computerized tomography
electrographic tomography
positron emission tomography
22
The deepest level of processing which involves emphasizing the meaning of words is known as...
dyadic encoding
the triarchic level of encoding
the semantic level of encoding
attention encoding
23
Rehearsal is most beneficial for maintaining information in _______ memory.
sensory
short-term
intermediate-term
long-term
24
Who is responsible for establishing psychology as an independent discipline?
Rene Decartes
G. Stanley Hall
Wilhelm Wundt
William James
25
Severing the reticular formation in cats caused them to
remain in continuous sleep
become aggressive
remain in continuous wakefulness
become fearful/cautious
26
People who have hormonal imbalances have problems with their...
reticular formation
leftbrain/right brain communication
limbic system
endocrine system
27
A worker who is paid every Friday for completing his 40-hour work week is being paid on a...
variable-interval schedule
fixed-ratio schedule
fixed-interval schedule
variable-ratio schedule
28
When Bob hits his thumb with a hammer, the sensation will be transmitted to the CNS by...
afferent nerves
sympathetic nerves
autonomic nerves
efferent nerves
29
The ability to generate ideas that are original, novel, and useful defines...
insight
creativity
reasoning
intelligence
30
What is somnambulism?
sleep-walking
difficulty remaining asleep
difficulty breathing when asleep
sleep-talking
31
The amygdala plays a role in the modulation of which emotion?
happiness
surprise
fear
sadness
32
A perceptual set implies that...
feature analysis is a "hard-wired" process
people often see what they expect to see
the focused-attention stage of processing is overridden
visual perception is based on bottom-up processing
33
Which type of data collection is the best for studying attitudes?
psychological tests
questionnaires
direct observation
physiological recordings
34
Which type of intelligence involves the ability to apply acquired knowledge in problem solving?
procedural
episodic
fluid
crystallized
35
Which of the following is not a common effect of hypnosis?
reduction of inhibitions
hallucinations
resistance to pain
total loss of personal control
36
The structure that connects the two hemispheres of the brain is called the...
parietal lobe
corpus callosum
thalamus
pineal gland
37
The school of psychology associated with understanding the purpose of behavior is...
psychoanalysis
neodynamism
functionalism
behaviorism
38
The largely unconscious reactions used to protect us from guilt and anxiety are known as...
id mechanisms
defense mechanisms
offense mechanisms
coping mechanisms
39
In experiments, subjects that receive special treatment are known as...
the experimental group
the observational group
the control group
the correlational group
40
The most optimistic view of human nature is found in the ________ approach.
cognitive
humanistic
behavioral
psychoanalytic
41
A student's organized set of expectations on how a professor should act is an example of a..
semantic network
script
chunk
schema
42
The ability to rapidly process words in reading depends most on...
bottom-up processing
lateral processing
top-down processing
bottom-to-top processing
43
In Milgram's study of obedience, subjects...
were put into a simulated prison
became the recipient of painful electric shocks
were ordered to deliver painful shocks to a stranger
indicated which of 3 lines matched the "standard line"
44
If two sounds vary in frequency they are perceived as differing in...
timbre
loudness
pitch
decibels
45
The process of pushing distressing thoughts into the unconscious and keeping them there is...
avoidance
suppression
neurogenic amnesia
repression
46
If the occipital lobe is stimulated, the person would be most likely to report...
moving a part of his body
hearing a sound
seeing a flash of light
smelling an odor
47
Destroying part of the brain tissue to observe its effect on behavior is referred to as...
ESB
lesioning
tumor ligation
stereotaxic inversion
48
A rat learns to press a bar to turn off an electric shock. This is an example of...
positive reinforcement
an unconditioned response
avoidance learning
escape learning
49
A person who perceives stimuli that aren't there is said to have...
delusions
illusions
obsessions
hallucinations
50
Hadley uses ____ to relieve the symptoms of her glaucoma and relax her.
mescaline
cocaine
marijuana
heroin
51
The sensory receptors for smell are referred to as...
sciatic receptors
olfactory cilia
gustatory bulbs
smell buds
52
The decrease in individual effort exerted by group members when working together on a task is..
deindividuation
group polarization
social loafing
conformity
53
The function of sensory memory is to...
put information into long-term memory
hold sensory impressions long enough for transfer
hold information for a lifetime
hold the immediate perception of what was perceived
54
Aggression is often a behavioral response to stressors involving...
frustration
pressure
change
conflict
55
The idea that we should pay back in kind what we receive from others is known as the..
the reciprocity norm
display rules
the principle of collectivism
the law of cognitive dissonance
56
The idea that dreams are the cortex's attempt to make sense of general firing of the brain is..
None of the Above
activation-synthesis theory
wish fulfillment theory
problem-solving theory
57
Which brain structure is most closely related to regulating emotions?
reticular formation
cerebellum
brainstem
limbic system
58
The minimum length of time between action potentials is determined by...
transduction capacity
transduction incapacity
the relative threshold period
the absolute refractory period
59
Slot machines increase gambling behavior through the use of...
a fixed-interval schedule
a variable-interval schedule
an variable-ratio reinforcement schedule
a fixed-ratio schedule
60
What is not a characteristic of groupthink?
censoring information that contradicts the group's views
censoring dissent from group members
dividing the world into the ingroup & outgroup
gathering all the relevant information (pros & cons)
61
Which of the following is not one of the intelligence types described by Gardner?
musical
spatial
logical-mathemathical
mechanical
62
In the Little Albert experiment, the conditioned stimulus was the...
rat
fear reaction
loud noise
rabbit
63
Homeostasis is a state of...
psychological instability
physiological stability
psychological stability
physiological instability
64
An antagonist...
blocks the action of neurotransmitters
prevents reuptake of neurotransmitters
extends the absolute refractory period
mimics the action of a neurotransmitter
65
Classical conditioning could account for how a child learns to...
tie shoe laces
sing a song
print letters
fear the dark
66
The chemicals that are secreted from the terminal buttons into the synapse are...
antagonists
neurotransmitters
action potentials
agonists
67
Multiple-choice tests use what measure of memory?
recognition
reiteration
recall
relearning
68
Yielding to real or imagined social pressure defines...
conformity
obedience
cognitive dissonance
groupthink
69
Tension reduction is the goal of which motivational theory?
drive theory
incentive theory
evolutionary theory
instinct theory
70
The Stanford-Binet scale of intelligence expressed a child's score in terms of...
IQ
a percentile score
mental age
a potential score
71
In Pavlov's experiment, the unconditioned stimulus was the...
salivation
tone
food/meat powder
light
72
According to the notion of semantic networks, which word pair should be linked most closely?
tree-bird
fill-feed
boat-goat
car-nose
73
A father suggests that his son's low marks are due to the child's laziness. He has made...
a distinctive attribution
an internal attribution
a situational attribution
an external attribution
74
Prejudice is to discrimination as...
attitude is to action
feeling is to thinking
thought is to perception
behavior is to motive
75
Focusing awareness on a narrowed range of stimuli or events defines...
attention
processing
sensation
perception
76
Negative reinforcement involves...
the presentation of an unpleasant stimulus
the removal of an unpleasant stimulus
the presentation of a pleasant stimulus
the removal of a pleasant stimulus
77
Framing refers to...
presenting irrelevant information
presenting only part of the information required
structuring decision problems so they lead to poor decisions
how alternatives in a decision problem are presented
78
____ measure general mental ability while ___ measure various aspects of people (values, etc).
personality; standardized
intelligence; standardized
standardized; intelligence
intelligence; personality
79
What appears to be responsible for regulating circadian rhythm?
amount of time alseep
exposure to light
amount of time awake
cultural practices
80
Learning that is not apparent from behavior when it first occurs is known as...
classical conditioning
latent learning
operant conditioning
insight learning
81
Conditioned taste aversions represent an unusual or atypical example of...
classical conditioning
punishment
operant conditioning
observational learning
82
Most explanations for the Flynn effect revolve around...
group differences in basic intelligence
a variety of environmental factors
changes in testing procedures
genetic influences on IQ
83
Common side effects of ____ include mood swings, aggression, and impaired mental functioning.
cannabis
narcotics
sedatives
alcohol
84
When a choice must be made between two unattractive goals, you are experiencing...
an approach-approach conflict
a risk-aversion conflict
an avoidance-avoidance conflict
an approach-avoidance conflict
85
The sickly child who becomes a forceful, physically active adult demonstrates what Adler called
fixation
regression
displacement
compensation
86
The minimum stimulus intensity of any sensory input that an organism can detect is called the..
subliminal threshold
absolute threshold
sensory memory
just noticeable difference
87
Sleep spindles are characteristic of which stage of the sleep cycle?
stage 1
REM
stage 4
stage 2
88
Putting group goals ahead of personal goals & defining one's identity in terms of the group is
individualism
collectivism
attributionism
functionalism
89
Although Sheri falls asleep easily, she has difficulty remaining asleep. Sheri suffers from..
narcolepsy
insomnia
pseudoinsomnia
sleep apnea
90
You see a female VP being pushy/aggressive, and then assume all female VPs are this way, which
a heuristic observation
a stereotype
demonstrates an illusory correlation
a self-serving attribution
91
The hypothalamus communicates with the endocrine system by way of the..
pituitary gland
thyroid gland
sebaceous gland
pancreas
92
If Jane used an external attribution to explain why her son got into a fight, she would say...
the other boy started it and he was defending himself
he's just like his father
he can't help himself since he doesn't have self-control
he always gets in fights
93
The gradual disappearance of an operant response that is no longer being reinforced is called..
spontaneous remission
unconditioning
extinction
conditioned forgetting
94
Failure to actively seek out contrary evidence may lead to...
the conjunction fallacy
overestimating the improbable
the confirmation bias
the gambler's fallacy
95
Your GPA is an example of which measure of central tendency?
median
mean
mode
midpoint
96
A valid test is one that...
is reliable
is consistent
measures what it is supposed to measure
has been standardized but not normed
97
The wavelength of light mainly affects our perception of...
color
light purity
brightness
saturation
98
The EEG pattern associated with normal, waking, alert states is...
gamma
beta
delta
alpha
99
A personality measure that asks you to respond freely to an ambiguous stimulus (ex. inkblot) is
a self-report inventory
a deceptive test
a projective test
a behavior rating
100
If a dog salivates to a blue light but not a yellow light, the dog is demonstrating...
spontaneous recovery
stimulus generalization
conditioned emotional reactions
stimulus discrimination
101
A drug that depresses central nervous system activity is referred to as...
a sedative
a narcotic
an amphetamine
a hallucinogen
102
What is cognitive dissonance?
feelings of guilt produced by acting against your conscience
a state of tension produced by inconsistent cognitions
occurs only when cognitions are unrelated
feeling of discomfort experienced by receivers of persuasion
103
The gambler's fallacy reflects the influence of the...
conjunction heuristic
availability heuristic
law of small numbers
representativeness heuristic
104
An electroencephalograph is used in sleep research to measure brain-wave activity in the...
medulla
hypothalamus
cerebral cortex
corpus callosum
105
The structure of the ear that transduces sound vibrations into nerve impulses is the...
oval window
temporal lobe
cochlea
stirrup
106
In order for a memory to be stored, it must first be..
modeled
ablated
encoded
retrieved
107
Voluntary responses come to be controlled by their consequences in what type of learning?
operant conditioning
observational learning
reinforcement
classical conditioning
108
Five-year-old Bob washes his bike after seeing his father was his car, demonstrating...
superstitious behavior
positive reinforcement
classical conditioning
observational learning
109
Reliability refers to the _______ of a measuring device, such as a test.
accuracy of inference
representativeness
consistency
predictability
110
The production of speech is controlled by which area of the frontal lobe?
Wernicke's area
Cannon's area
Broca's area
Sperry's area
111
According to Freud, nail-biting may be evidence of fixation at the _____ stage of development.
oral
anal
genital
latency
112
Widely held beliefs about groups of people based on their group membership defines...
cognitive structuring
stereotypes
cultural direction
schematizing
113
When people overestimate the frequency of violent crimes because these events are on TV, they..
are using the availability heuristic
use the elimination by aspects strategy
are using the representativeness heuristic
use a holistic decision model
114
Watson defined psychology as the scientific study of...
the brain
the unconscious
behavior
conscious experience
115
Diffusion of responsibility refers to the...
loss of identity one experiences in mob violence
halo effect in aggression
assumption others will take responsibility;bystander effect
basis for performing pro-social behavior
116
Which statistical method is used to determine the reliability of a test?
standard deviation
correlation coefficients
percentiles
means
117
Which of the following does not belong with the other three?
pituitary
gonads
thalamus
thyroid

AP Psychology - AP Mock Review 3/7 Flashcards | StudBud