The Middle Ages in Europe

an estate given by a king to a lord

served as patriarch of the Church; directed the activities of the clergy

Magna Carta signed

an identification of a knight in battle; an emblem painted on the knight’s shield

spent hours copying the Scriptures and the writings of the early churchmen

the empire ruled by Charles Martel and his descendants

court entertainers who entertained the lord and his guests at the medieval banquet

Middle Ages end; Renaissance began

at the age of 21, squire became this

two United States documents did the Magna Carta influenced

a conflict between Harold Godwinson and William of Normandy

land given to the Roman Catholic Church by Pepin the Short

king who developed England’s legal system

period in history known as the Middle Ages

noble who did not own land but managed a portion of a fief

mounted soldier who defended the manor for the lord during the Middle Ages

Who lived among the people and was a traveling preacher, had a title meaning “brother”?

Renaissance began

First step for a boy who wanted to be a knight; did chores for the lord and lady of the castle.

A large secluded dwelling where monks live and work

Religious leaders during the Middle Ages are called

first king of the Franks; conquered the last of the Romans in Gaul

a wide water-filled trench surrounding the castle

paid rent to the lord and worked part-time for him.

king who signed the Magna Carta

a person had to go through difficult physical circumstances to prove his guilt or innocence

noble who claimed the throne of England and became the king after the Battle of Hastings

second step in becomping a knight: helped his master dress, accompany him on hunts & in battles

Best teacher in the world

a feature of a castle that can be raised or lowered to prevent or allow passage

a large stronghold in the castle wall

a royal order

crowned by the Pope on Christmas Day; expanded learning and extended the Frankish Empire

the center of daily life in the Middle Ages; large farming community

defeated the Muslim invaders at Tours; formed the Carolingian Empire with his descendants

made an alliance with the Roman Church; gave part of his conquered lands to the Church.

person’s guilt or innocence was decided by a group of jury members

limited the king’s power and guaranteed certain rights to the people; “Great Charter”

taught that people could not receive God’s grace without his help; mediator between God & man

when salvation comes according to the Roman Catholic Church

fall of the Roman Empire; Middle Ages began

a castle tower where the lord and his family lived

found the Monte Cassino monastery and produced a set of instructions for living as a monk

religious ceremony developed by the Roman Catholic Church, can provide grace for salvation

was formed when soldiers stood close and held their shields tightly together

taught a knight to be generous, loyal to his lord, faithful to Church, and protective of women.

mock battle

nobles who performed service for the king

invaders from the North, also called Norsemen

noble who claimed the throne of England and was killed at the Battle of Hastings