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AP Psych Exam Review Benedict
AP Psych Exam Review Benedict
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1
A low level of glucose in Sam's bloodstream would most likely make him want to
go for a run
make new friends
eat a meal
pursue a romantic interest
2
which would a researcher need to use to determine whether experiment data is significant
descriptive statistics
inferential statistics
standard deviation
counterbalancing
3
Which technique would be most helpful in avoiding the problems associated with groupthink
increasing group polarization within different groups
encouraging contrary opinions within the group
responding to deindividuation among group members
identifying approach-avoidance conflicts
4
which is an example of an implicit memory
remembering how to tie your shoelace
recognizing a celebrity
describing the taste of a birthday cake
recalling the name of your JH math teacher
5
the limbic system plays an important role in
processing sensory information
planning for the future
regulating emotion
maintaining balance
6
which newborn reflex helps infants find and eat food
rooting
Babinski
stepping
Moro
7
in the nature vs. nurture debate, nature is most closely associated with
culture
environment
family
temperament
8
which kinds of personality theorists would make use of a projective test
humanist
psychoanalyst
social-cognitive
trait
9
Which best describes how neurons communicate with one another
chemical signals at the synaptic cleft
physical contact between dendrites
hormones jump from one axon to the next
electrical signals between two myelin sheaths
10
James is interested in the processing strategies children use to learn new information. He is a
personality psychologist
clinical psychologist
cognitive psychologist
sociocultural psychologist
11
Which is an important technique used by humanist psychologists during therapy
secondary central dispositions
defense mechanisms
unconditional positive regard
factor analysis
12
According to humanist theory, psychological disorders are most likely caused by
unhealthy attributional styles
learned associations
unfulfilled needs
neurochemical imbalances
13
Lara is attracted to Craig but can't stand his friends and family. Her conflict is classified
approach-approach
approach-avoidance
she does not have a conflict
avoidance-avoidance
14
How would a psychometrician interpret an IQ score of 145
the person has high verbal bot low logical intelligence
three standard deviations above the mean of 100
slightly above average
well below the average of 200
15
Delusions and hallucinations are most characteristic of
schizophrenia
antisocial personality disorder
dissociative identity disorder
obsessive-compulsive disorder
16
Which concept is most relevant to Noam Chomsky's theory of how children learn language
language acquisition device
serial position effect
linguistic relativity hypothesis
phonemes and morphemes
17
Garcia and Koelling's research on aversions established which UCS/CS pairs as most powerful
movement and electrical shocks
performing a task and receiving food
nausea and food or drink
punishment and aversion
18
According to Freud, what is the dominant factor in determining our personality traits
parenting styles
secondary drives and needs
unconscious conflicts
genetics and nutrition
19
Which theory explains how experiences from infancy through old age influence personality
Kohlberg's moral development theory
Harlow's contact comfort theory
Piaget's cognitive development theory
Erikson's psychosocial stage theory
20
An American's prototype of a chair is most likely to include
an armchair, chairlift, and wheelchair
a desk and/or table
four legs and a seat
pens, pencils, and a computer
21
Which best summarizes the results of Tolman's latent learning experiment
reinforcement had little impact on the rats' performance
rats that received punishment ran the maze faster
rats that were continually reinforced ran the maze faster
rats who explored the maze first ran faster when reinforced
22
Bandura's Bobo doll experiment evidenced the importance of __________ in social learning
sublimation
modeling
latent learning
mirror neurons
23
What is true about experiments that is not of other research methods
they can gather data from a large number of people quickly
they can determine causal relationships between variables
they take place in more realistic, real-life settings
they involve more research participants than other studies
24
Runners in a park increase their speed when another runner comes into view. This illustrates
disinhibition
social facilitation
social roles
conformity
25
Which is most closely associated with creativity
contextual intelligence
divergent thinking
functional fixedness
hypothesis testing
26
Which best explains the Schachter-Singer two-factor theory
an event causes an emotion and a physiological response
physiological reaction and cognitive labeling cause emotion
people follow a pattern of alarm, resistance, exhaustion
perceived control over life reduces stress and improves mood
27
How would a person with schizophrenia most differ from a person with a dissociative disorder
a person with schizophrenia has more than one personality
a person with schizophrenia experiences hallucinations
a person with dissociative disorder has trouble keeping jobs
a person with a dissociative disorder has delusions
28
which structure is part of the inner ear
auditory canal
basilar membrane
tympanic membrane
malleus (hammer)
29
After a natural disaster Faye says, "Serves them right for not having better warning systems."
self-serving bias
just world bias
false consensus effect
Barnum effect
30
testing the problem-solving skills of 10, 20, and 30-year-olds in a study uses this method
cross-sectional study
social-cognitive study
longitudinal study
developmental study
31
authoritarian parents demonstrate
high warmth and high control
low warmth and low control
high warmth and low control
low warmth and high control
32
A doctor determining whether an accident caused structural damage to the brain would use
rTMS
PET
MRI
EEG
33
Amy has a cat. The first time she sees a rabbit she calls it a cat. Her mistake is due to
accommodation
assimilation
discrimination
habituation
34
children who suffer brain damage can regain function more quickly than older patients due to
effective psychological environment
hemispheric lateralization
contralateral control
neuroplasticity
35
counterconditioning lies at the heart of which therapeutic approach
REBT
client-centered therapy
systematic desensitization
token economies
36
Of the following, children will most likely develop this skill first
clap their hands
cut with a knife
say a sentence
write with a pencil
37
what kind of symptom is common among all somatic symptom disorders
inappropriate or flat affect
substance abuse and dependence
experiencing a physical problem without a physical cause
disconnection from reality and delusions
38
what is the principle tool used in all forms of psychotherapy
biomedical interventions
cognitive-behavioral interventions
secondary preventions
talking to a patient
39
An EEG of Morgan after she has been asleep for about an hour would show primarily
alpha waves
sleep spindles
delta waves
beta waves
40
a test which places someone into personality categories (e.g.extravert/introvert) is based on
psychodynamic theory
social cognitive theroy
biological theory
trait theory
41
The case study of Phineas Gage was significant because it was one of the the first examples of
using a CAT scan to document the extent of the injury
a specific brain area associated with emotional changes
treatment with drugs that alter neurotransmission
treating a brain-damaged patient with psychotherapy
42
the "c" in the word
cat
is best described as a
morpheme
phoneme
holobase
grapheme
43
seeing someone at the grocery store and remembering their name is an example of
retroactive memory
episodic memory
tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon
recall
44
which brain structure is involved in hunger motivation
hypothalamus
amygdala
cerebellum
medulla
45
REM sleep deprivation generally causes what kinds of side effects
heightened manifest dream content
sleep apnea and night terrors
interference with memory tasks
intense, prolonged periods of Stage 3 & 4 sleep
46
Which of the following models of personality is the least deterministic
psychodynamic
humanistic
evolutionary
biological
47
What kind of personality theorist would be most interested in the results of the MMPI
trait
biological
psychoanalytic
humanistic
48
which social psychology principle best explains prejudice
compliance strategies
in-group bias
individualism
self-serving bias
49
the somatic nervous system is part of the
peripheral nervous system
sympathetic nervous system
central nervous system
autonomic nervous system
50
classical conditioning involves __________; operant conditioning involves __________
pairing stimuli; rewards and punishments
learned responses; physiological reactions
fixed intervals; variable ratios
schedules; punishers
51
When like-minded groups take more extreme positions than individuals comprising the group
social facilitation
groupthink
group polarization
deindividuation
52
What would Piaget test to see if a child is in pre-operational or concrete operational stage
attachment
object permanence
conservation
universal ethical principles
53
What research method could study the relationship between owning a hybrid car and being vegan
case study
naturalistic observation
experiment
correlation study
54
Elizabeth Loftus' research on wording and misinformation effects on memory best demonstrate
the serial position effect
the role of the hippocampus in memory
the reconstructive nature of memory
the rate at which people forget information
55
Pat is laughing because she just won the lottery. Sal thinks she is a fun person. Sal's opinion
is influenced by the norm of reciprocity
is influenced by the fundamental attribution error
is influenced by the just world hypothesis
is influenced by the self-serving bias
56
when first born, humans' dominant sense is
hearing
smell
sight
touch
57
Sigmund Freud made this perspective popular in Western Europe at the turn of the 20th century
cognitive
evolutionary
psychoanalytic
behavioral
58
negative reinforcers __________ a stimulus in order to ___________ a behavior
add : decrease
remove : decrease
remove : increase
remove : punish
59
In the 3-box model of information processing, memories are first stored in
short-term memory
procedural memory
long-term memory
sensory memory
60
How would drive reduction theory explain a person eating half a bowl of M&M's and stopping
the person stopped when their body had reached homeostasis
humans are instinctively driven to eat sugar and fat
they were satisfying the 2nd step on the hierarchy of needs
people eat in moderation to prevent being seen as selfish
61
When Jake is late to basketball practice his coach makes him run laps. Jake is not late again
negative reinforcement
positive punishment
modeling
positive reinforcement
62
Mary Ainsworth's Strange Situation experiment studied what developmental concept
attachment
motor development
parenting style
assimilation
63
Which is most directly involved in the electrical aspect of neurotransmission
neurotransmiters
myelin
terminal button
synaptic cleft
64
learned helplessness is most likely to be directly related to
an external locus of control
unconditional positive regard
the Oedipus complex
the self-serving bias
65
What kind of therapy involves both cognitive and behavioral interventions
counterconditioning
aversion therapy
systematic desensitization
rational emotive behavior therapy
66
a musician's ability to discern between 2 similar pitches depends on which concept
bottom up processing
signal detection theory
difference threshold
absolute threshold
67
When running for president, Bernie puts pictures of himself everywhere. Why might this help
foot-in-the-door phenomenon
deindividuation
central route persuasion
mere-exposure effect
68
You girlfriend dumps you. "I always knew she was bad news" your friend says. This demonstrates
overconfidence
self-serving bias
a theory
hindsight bias
69
which technique controls for both experimenter and subject bias
double blind study
Hawthorne effect
counterbalancing
single blind study
70
Ryan suffers from constant, low-level arousal of his autonomic NS. He most likely suffers from
obsessive-compulsive disorder
major depressive disorder
post-traumatic stress disorder
generalized anxiety disorder
71
Dan is a toddler who avoids eye contact and resists to changes to routine. He shows symptoms of
mental retardation
Down syndrome
autism spectrum disorder
fetal alcohol syndrome
72
Which of the following has been linked to a deficit of dopamine
Alzheimer's disease
autism
major depressive disorder
Parkinson's disease
73
One group receives an ad for 99% fat free milk; the other for 1% fat milk. What is being tested
confirmation bias
framing effects
inattentional blindness
representativeness heuristic
74
Someone who fails an exam and reacts by studying longer probably has this locus of control
external
situational
fundamental
internal
75
a charity includes free address labels in its fundraising letters to increase contributions
fundamental attribution error
out-group homogeneity
reciprocity norm
self-fulfilling prophecy
76
According to Piaget, when we can't ______ new information, we change our schemas through ______
reduce : stereotypes
ignore : adaptation
reward : punishment
assimilate : accomodate
77
The fact that our ears are located on opposite sides of our head best helps us with
sensory adaptation
detecting absolute threshold
sound localization
hearing high frequencies
78
A teacher ignoring her students' prior grades so her opinion of them is not influenced avoids
cognitive dissonance
self-fulfilling prophecy
fundamental attribution error
self-serving bias
79
Which statement best represents the relationship between performance and arousal
too little or too much arousal is harmful to performance
performance continually decreases as arousal increases
performance is best at low and high levels of arousal
performance steadily increases as arousal increases
80
A librarian gives a prize for every five books students read. Her schedule of reinforcement is
fixed ratio
variable interval
fixed variable
continuous
81
which of the following most impacts the speed of motor development
concrete operational exercises
secure attachment with parents
early gross motor practice
myelination of brain neurons
82
people who catch violent movies are more likely to behave violently: this statement reflects
latent learning
observational learning
counterconditioning
insight learning
83
Which is one of the key factors distinguishing major depressive disorder from sadness
lasts longer than 2 weeks without an obvious cause
specific changes in the brain
normal sadness is much less intense than depression
sadness is paired with heightened senses and mania
84
which of the following terms applies to IQ tests
projective
achievement
triarchic
standardized
85
Why are psychoanalysts interested in talking with patients about dreams
symbols in dreams represent unconscious conflicts
counter conditioned behaviors are often revealed in dreams
disturbing dreams are obstacles to self actualization
neurotransmitter anomalies cause dream disturbances
86
Ani believes she is capable of succeeding in nursing school. Her mindset is associated with
a strong superego
low self-esteem
high self-efficacy
an extraverted personality
87
damage to the occipital region of the brain would most likely affect which sense
balance
hearing
touch
sight
88
Restarting your printer over and over but failing to notice it is out of paper demonstrates
belief perseverance
a mental set
low experiential intelligence
divergent thinking
89
our ability to perceive depth depends on what other perceptual abilities
top-down and bottom-up processing
vestibular and kinesthetic senses
proximity and similarity
binocular and monocular cues
90
Which of the following is LEAST likely to contribute to prejudice
out-group homogeneity
stereotyping
scapegoating
superordinate goals
91
Which part of the brain is "newest" in an evolutionary sense
pons
hypothalamus
cerebral cortex
cerebellum
92
In a class of 25 students, all but 2 score between 82 and 94. The 2 scores of 47 and 55 are
modes
outliers
normally distributed
variances
93
if the College Board left out questions about neuroscience on the AP exam, the test would lack
predictive validity
test-retest reliability
split-half reliability
content validity
94
A person with a painful skin rash finds hard scratching temporarily relieves the pain
gate-control theory
transduction theory
frequency theory
opponent-process theory
95
which of the following is most likely to lead to a confabulated memory
proactive interference
leading questions
relearning effect
brain injury
96
If Pavlov's dogs began to salivate when they heard a sound similar to a bell they would show
spontaneous recovery
unconditioned response
stimulus discrimination
stimulus generalization
97
Which is a common criticism of Freud's personality theory
Genetics was not advanced enough to be used as Freud tried
his research wasn't representative of the population
it doesn't apply to people with disorders
his evidence comes from therapy sessions, not empirical data
98
Which theory would assert that a key motivation for people is spreading their genetic material
evolutionary
cognitive
humanistic
psychodynamic
99
Which structure is located at the most central and protected part of the brain
cerebellum
cerebral cortex
medulla
sensory cortex
100
which disorder would respond best to cognitive behavioral therapy
dissociative identity disorder
schizophrenia
major depressive disorder
bipolar disorder
101
After studying for weeks and taking an AP exam, Conrad gets the flu. What theory explains this
James-Lange theory of emotion
Festinger's cognitive dissonance theory
Selye's general adaptation syndrome
Yerkes-Dodson law
102
After repeated firings, neural connections are strengthened. What is this process
semantic encoding
proactive interference
state-dependent memory
long-term potentiation
103
Withdrawal symptoms are most directly caused by this process
dissociation
activation-synthesis
tolerance
antagonists
104
physiological reactions like surprise or shock are controlled by which part of the NS
somatic nervous system
endocrine system
sympathetic nervous system
serotonin system
105
A test that identifies people with the potential to be great lawyers is an example of a(n)
EQ test
achievement test
IQ test
aptitude test
106
Kate age 4 sits right in front of all the other kids to watch a magician. According to Piaget,
Kate cannot reason hypothetically
Kate lacks object permanence
Kate has a lack of conservation
Kate is demonstrating egocentrism
107
A therapist who tells a client to write down their depressed thoughts is using this perspective
structuralist
behavioral
pharmacological
cognitive
108
Which of the therapies below is no longer used to treat patients
free association
prefrontal lobotomy
electro-convulsive shock therapy
gestalt therapy
109
Maria slams the car door and yells at her kids. Now when they hear a car door slam they cringe
operant conditioning
classical conditioning
instrumental learning
observational learning
110
en route
to the visual cortex, information from the eyes' retinas crosses at the
optic nerve
optic chiasm
fovea
feature detectors
111
What factors are ignored when people commit the fundamental attribution error
dispositional
situational
behavioral
social
112
Bandura's theory of reciprocal determinism states personality results from the interaction of
traits, the environment, and behavior
rewards, punishments, and reinforcers
genetics, the unconscious, and social facilitation
id, ego, and superego
113
When Susie went to prom with Dan, Max channeled his feelings of frustration into artwork
sublimation
displacement
projection
reaction formation
114
What is the purpose of the DSM
describe the biopsychosocial causes of disorders
list the diagnostic criteria and symptoms of disorders
explain the symptoms and cures of disorders
discuss theories related to the treatment of disorders
115
an A+ grade in a class is which kind of reinforcer
primary
continuous
partial
secondary
116
What area of psychology focuses on subjective well-being, optimism, self-esteem, and happiness
positive psychology
psychometrics
social psychology
health psychology
117
Genna age 10 underwent a right hemispherectomy. What action best shows her neuroplasticity
moving her left hand
speaking aloud
understanding what was said to her
solving a logic problem
118
what is the first step in any example of classical conditioning
reinforcing for a behavior similar to the desired behavior
rewarding a conditioned response with a conditioned stimulus
following a response with a reinforcement or punishment
pairing an unconditioned stimulus and a conditioned stimulus
119
turning up the volume on a radio changes which aspect of sound
pitch of the tone
amplitude of the wave
transduction of the wave
frequency of the wave
120
Someone who can't move the muscles needed for accurate speech might have brain damage where
hippocampus
Gage's area
Wernicke's area
Broca's area
121
An artist making a drawing could use which of the following to add depth to the picture
retinal disparity
linear perspective
convergence
closure
122
People who are easily hypnotizable are likely to score highly on which Big 5 trait
conscientiousness
neuroticism
openness
extraversion
123
A personality test which calls Jan an extravert the first time and an introvert the next lacks
construct validity
aptitude measures
test-retest reliability
standardization
124
which of the following statistics provides most information about how spread out a data set is
range
median
mean
standard deviation
125
A person who experiences flashbacks after a serious car accident is likely to be diagnosed with
post-traumatic stress disorder
dissociative identity disorder
panic disorder
bipolar disorder
126
At what age is the onset of schizophrenia most typical
early 20s
late 40s
mid 30s
puberty
127
what kinds of motivations best encourage positive behaviors to persist over time
intrinsic motivation
need for achievement
primary drives
extrinsic motivation
128
What theory of emotion are cognitive psychologists likely to support
opponent process theory
Schachter two-factor theory
James-Lange theory
social facilitation theory
129
which structure in the eye is most responsible for color vision
cones
rods
optic nerve
cornea
130
Most people can taste 1g of salt in 1qt of water. Which concept is related to this statement
difference threshold
frequency theory
absolute threshold
sensory adaptation
131
which type of therapist is most likely to prescribe lithium for a patient with bipolar disorder
psychiatrist
psychoanalyst
cognitive psychotherapist
clinical psychologist
132
Which personality theory is criticized for its overly optimistic view of human nature
humanistic
psychoanalytic
cognitive
trait
133
Choosing 20 people at random from a large lecture class of 400 is an example of
random assignment
representative assignment
random sampling
assignment to conditions
134
Julie is more alert in the morning; John in the evening. This is because of differences in
sleep cycles
daily activities
personalities
circadian rhythm
135
psychogenic amnesia is an indication of which kind of psychological disorder
anixety
dissociative
personality
schizophrenic
136
A medication prescribed for major depression would most likely act on which neurotransmitter
serotonin
acetylcholine
dopamine
adrenaline
137
In people, rods, unlike cones,
are located in the center of the retina
have a lower absolute threshold for light
are unable to detect motion
respond more quickly to colors
138
Harlow's rhesus monkey experiment illustrated
the importance of physical contact to development
the danger of separating babies from their natural parents
that primates can make and use tools
that language is a uniquely human skill
139
If a distribution of scores includes outliers, which measure of central tendency should be used
median
range
standard deviation
mean
140
What number will tell Matt whether his research is statistically significant
a mean that is the same as the median
a correlation coefficient close to .75
a probability of chance less than 5%
a standard deviation of 4 or more
141
Lana learns how to be goalie as her coach gradually rolls the ball faster at parts the goal
behavior shaping
token economy
higher-order conditioning
law of effect
142
A musician who signs a recording contract stops playing for fun. This is best explained by
the overjustification effect
social learning theory
latent learning
the law of effect
143
A variable ratio of reinforcement is often preferable to a fixed ratio because
variable ratio schedules are more resistant to extinction
fixed ratio schedules are more time intensive
variable ratio schedules produce the quickest results
fixed ratios allow both classical and operant learning
144
The ability to solve a new computer game based on logical puzzles probably depends on
crystallized intelligence
fluid intelligence
multiple intelligences
aptitude intelligence
145
light enters the eye through an opening in the
iris
blind spot
fovea
retina
146
patients who are described as "split brain" have had what structure removed
medulla oblongata
hippocampus
prefrontal cortex
corpus callosum
147
Knowledge of different categories of trees is an example of what type of long-term memory
procedural memory
semantic memory
eidetic memory
episodic memory
148
What percent of people score between 70 and 130 on the WISC (M: 100, SD:15)
95
84
68
50
149
Sherif's Robbers Cave study indicates that this principle best reduces tensions between groups
diffusion of responsibility
deindividuation
superordinate goals
group polarization
150
Milgram's obedience study was criticized based on what ethical grounds
risk of psychological harm
lack of debriefing
lack of informed consent
violation of confidentiality