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Duplicate of AP Psych Exam Review
Duplicate of AP Psych Exam Review
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1
Which technique would be most helpful in avoiding the problems associated with groupthink
responding to deindividuation among group members
increasing group polarization within different groups
identifying approach-avoidance conflicts
encouraging contrary opinions within the group
2
Which best summarizes the results of Tolman's latent learning experiment
rats that received punishment ran the maze faster
rats that were continually reinforced ran the maze faster
reinforcement had little impact on the rats' performance
rats who explored the maze first ran faster when reinforced
3
According to Piaget, when we can't ______ new information, we change our schemas through ______
ignore : adaptation
reward : punishment
reduce : stereotypes
assimilate : accomodate
4
the limbic system plays an important role in
regulating emotion
planning for the future
processing sensory information
maintaining balance
5
which psychologist would agree w/the following: behavior results from reinforcers & punishers
Carl Rogers
Albert Bandura
B.F. Skinner
William James
6
One group receives an ad for 99% fat free milk; the other for 1% fat milk. What being tested
inattentional blindness
framing effects
confirmation bias
representativeness heuristic
7
A musician who signs a recording contract stops playing for fun. This is best explained by
the overjustification effect
the law of effect
social learning theory
latent learning
8
which of the following statistics provides most information about how spread out a data set is
standard deviation
range
median
mean
9
testing the problem-solving skills of 10, 20, and 30-year-olds in a study uses this method
social-cognitive study
developmental study
cross-sectional study
longitudinal study
10
What kind of therapy involves both cognitive and behavioral interventions
counterconditioning
aversion therapy
rational emotive behavior therapy
systematic desensitization
11
Elizabeth Loftus' research on wording and misinformation effects on memory best demonstrate
the reconstructive nature of memory
the rate at which people forget information
the serial position effect
the role of the hippocampus in memory
12
en route
to the visual cortex, information from the eyes' retinas crosses at the
fovea
optic chiasm
feature detectors
optic nerve
13
Of the following, children will most likely develop this skill first
say a sentence
clap their hands
write with a pencil
cut with a knife
14
Choosing 20 people at random from a large lecture class of 400 is an example of
random sampling
assignment to conditions
random assignment
representative assignment
15
Sherif's Robbers Cave study indicates that this principle best reduces tensions between groups
diffusion of responsibility
deindividuation
group polarization
superordinate goals
16
which disorder would respond best to cognitive behavioral therapy
schizophrenia
dissociative identity disorder
major depressive disorder
bipolar disorder
17
physiological reactions like surprise or shock are controlled by which part of the NS
endocrine system
somatic nervous system
serotonin system
sympathetic nervous system
18
Which of the following is LEAST likely to contribute to prejudice
superordinate goals
scapegoating
out-group homogeneity
stereotyping
19
Which theory would assert that a key motivation for people is spreading their genetic material
evolutionary
humanistic
cognitive
psychodynamic
20
A librarian gives a prize for every five books students read. Her schedule of reinforcement is
fixed ratio
continuous
variable interval
fixed variable
21
which of the following terms applies to IQ tests
achievement
standardized
triarchic
projective
22
if the College Board left out questions about neuroscience on the AP exam, the test would lack
test-retest reliability
split-half reliability
predictive validity
content validity
23
Reading a job description written with masculine pronouns, people think of the employee as male
gender schema theory
linguistic relativity hypothesis
principle of continuity
the social role hypothesis
24
Which part of the brain is "newest" in an evolutionary sense
hypothalamus
pons
cerebellum
cerebral cortex
25
Pat is laughing because she just won the lottery. Sal thinks she is a fun person. Sal's opinion
is influenced by the fundamental attribution error
is influenced by the just world hypothesis
is influenced by the norm of reciprocity
is influenced by the self-serving bias
26
Bandura's theory of reciprocal determinism states personality results from the interaction of
genetics, the unconscious, and social facilitation
traits, the environment, and behavior
rewards, punishments, and reinforcers
id, ego, and superego
27
which would a researcher need to use to determine whether experiment data is significant
counterbalancing
standard deviation
descriptive statistics
inferential statistics
28
when first born, humans' dominant sense is
touch
hearing
sight
smell
29
what kind of symptom is common among all somatic symptom disorders
substance abuse and dependence
experiencing a physical problem without a physical cause
disconnection from reality and delusions
inappropriate or flat affect
30
Ani believes she is capable of succeeding in nursing school. Her mindset is associated with
low self-esteem
high self-efficacy
an extraverted personality
a strong superego
31
In people, rods, unlike cones,
respond more quickly to colors
have a lower absolute threshold for light
are unable to detect motion
are located in the center of the retina
32
Erikson's initiative vs. guilt stage is most closely related to Freud's
latency period
oral stage
phallic stage
anal stage
33
Which question would be most useful to test Kohlberg's idea of pre & post-conventional morality
should you tell a small lie to not hurt someone's feelings
If 3 are taken from a group of 12, how many are left
what is the best way to respond to a baby crying in her crib
at what age can children reason abstractly
34
a charity includes free address labels in its fundraising letters to increase contributions
reciprocity norm
fundamental attribution error
self-fulfilling prophecy
out-group homogeneity
35
Julie is more alert in the morning; John in the evening. This is because of differences in
personalities
sleep cycles
daily activities
circadian rhythm
36
After studying for weeks and taking an AP exam, Conrad gets the flu. What theory explains this
Yerkes-Dodson law
Festinger's cognitive dissonance theory
James-Lange theory of emotion
Selye's general adaptation syndrome
37
Sigmund Freud made this perspective popular in Western Europe at the turn of the 20th century
evolutionary
cognitive
behavioral
psychoanalytic
38
When running for class president, Edy puts pictures of herself everywhere. Why might this help
foot-in-the-door phenomenon
central route persuasion
mere-exposure effect
deindividuation
39
Which is most closely associated with creativity
divergent thinking
hypothesis testing
functional fixedness
contextual intelligence
40
Intelligence researchers like Gardner and Sternberg argue that schools focus too much on
nonessential subjects like art and music
environmental factors that influence intelligence
traditional and analytical subjects and methods
meeting the needs of students with disabilities
41
When Jake is late to basketball practice his coach makes him run laps. Jake is not late again
modeling
negative reinforcement
positive punishment
positive reinforcement
42
Which of the following is found in Jung's model of the collective unconscious
archetypes
functional fixedness
inferiority complexes
repressed memories
43
turning up the volume on a radio changes which aspect of sound
transduction of the wave
frequency of the wave
amplitude of the wave
pitch of the tone
44
which brain structure is involved in hunger motivation
amygdala
cerebellum
hypothalamus
medulla
45
Delusions and hallucinations are most characteristic of
schizophrenia
antisocial personality disorder
obsessive-compulsive disorder
dissociative identity disorder
46
Which is a common criticism of Freud's personality theory
Genetics was not advanced enough to be used as Freud tried
it doesn't apply to people with disorders
his research wasn't representative of the population
his evidence comes from therapy sessions, not empirical data
47
What is true about experiments that is not of other research methods
they can gather data from a large number of people quickly
they can determine causal relationships between variables
they involve more research participants than other studies
they take place in more realistic, real-life settings
48
classical conditioning involves __________; operant conditioning involves __________
pairing stimuli; rewards and punishments
schedules; punishers
fixed intervals; variable ratios
learned responses; physiological reactions
49
What number will tell Matt whether his research is statistically significant
a mean that is the same as the median
a standard deviation of 4 or more
a probability of chance less than 5%
a correlation coefficient close to .75
50
people who catch violent movies are more likely to behave violently: this statement reflects
observational learning
insight learning
latent learning
counterconditioning
51
An American's prototype of a chair is most likely to include
four legs and a seat
a desk and/or table
an armchair, chairlift, and wheelchair
pens, pencils, and a computer
52
4YO Kate sits right in front of all the other kids to watch a magician. According to Piaget,
Kate cannot reason hypothetically
Kate has a lack of conservation
Kate lacks object permanence
Kate is demonstrating egocentrism
53
Mary Ainsworth's Strange Situation experiment studied what developmental concept
motor development
assimilation
parenting style
attachment
54
According to humanist theory, psychological disorders are most likely caused by
neurochemical imbalances
unfulfilled needs
learned associations
unhealthy attributional styles
55
Most people can taste 1g of salt in 1qt of water. Which concept is related to this statement
sensory adaptation
difference threshold
frequency theory
absolute threshold
56
You girlfriend dumps you. "I always knew she was bad news" your friend says. This demonstrates
hindsight bias
self-serving bias
a theory
overconfidence
57
What kind of personality theorist would be most interested in the results of the MMPI
humanistic
biological
psychoanalytic
trait
58
Ryan suffers from constant, low-level arousal of his autonomic NS. He most likely suffers from
post-traumatic stress disorder
generalized anxiety disorder
obsessive-compulsive disorder
major depressive disorder
59
After a natural disaster Faye says, "Serves them right for not having better warning systems."
false consensus effect
self-serving bias
Barnum effect
just world bias
60
How would a psychometrician interpret an IQ score of 145
well below the average of 200
the person has high verbal bot low logical intelligence
three standard deviations above the mean of 100
slightly above average
61
Garcia and Koelling's research on aversions established which UCS/CS pairs as most powerful
performing a task and receiving food
punishment and aversion
nausea and food or drink
movement and electrical shocks
62
What would Piaget test to see if a child is in pre-operational or concrete operational stage
object permanence
attachment
universal ethical principles
conservation
63
learned helplessness is most likely to be directly related to
unconditional positive regard
the Oedipus complex
the self-serving bias
an external locus of control
64
which of the following most impacts the speed of motor development
myelination of brain neurons
secure attachment with parents
concrete operational exercises
early gross motor practice
65
According to Kohlberg, in order to reason at the postconventional level, people must
believe in God
have been exposed to good, moral role models
be able to take another person's perspective
resolve the integrity vs. despair conflict
66
Dan is a toddler who avoids eye contact and resists to changes to routine. He shows symptoms of
Down syndrome
mental retardation
autism spectrum disorder
fetal alcohol syndrome
67
Knowledge of different categories of trees is an example of what type of long-term memory
semantic memory
episodic memory
eidetic memory
procedural memory
68
A personality test which calls Jan an extravert the first time and an introvert the next lacks
aptitude measures
construct validity
standardization
test-retest reliability
69
Maria slams the car door and yells at her kids. Now when they hear a car door slam they cringe
observational learning
operant conditioning
instrumental learning
classical conditioning
70
patients who are described as "split brain" have had what structure removed
hippocampus
prefrontal cortex
medulla oblongata
corpus callosum
71
negative reinforcers __________ a stimulus in order to ___________ a behavior
remove : punish
remove : decrease
add : decrease
remove : increase
72
light enters the eye through an opening in the
retina
fovea
blind spot
iris
73
Abraham Maslow theorized that people are motivated by
reinforcement of primary and secondary needs
desire to achieve in the eyes of others
satisfying needs on a hierarchy
achieving physiological homeostasis
74
How would drive reduction theory explain a person eating half a bowl of M&M's and stopping
humans are instinctively driven to eat sugar and fat
the person stopped when their body had reached homeostasis
people eat in moderation to prevent being seen as selfish
they were satisfying the 2nd step on the hierarchy of needs
75
Runners in a park increase their speed when another runner comes into view. This illustrates
conformity
social roles
disinhibition
social facilitation
76
What factors are ignored when people commit the fundament attribution error
situational
behavioral
social
dispositional
77
Which personality theory is criticized for its overly optimistic view of human nature
humanistic
cognitive
psychoanalytic
trait
78
People who are easily hypnotizable are likely to score highly on which Big 5 trait
neuroticism
openness
conscientiousness
extraversion
79
The ability to solve a new computer game based on logical puzzles probably depends on
multiple intelligences
crystallized intelligence
aptitude intelligence
fluid intelligence
80
which is an example of an implicit memory
remembering how to tie your shoelace
describing the taste of a birthday cake
recognizing a celebrity
recalling the name of your JH math teacher
81
Which concept is most relevant to Noam Chomsky's theory of how children learn language
phonemes and morphemes
serial position effect
language acquisition device
linguistic relativity hypothesis
82
Amy has a cat. The first time she sees a rabbit she calls it a cat. Her mistake is due to
discrimination
assimilation
habituation
accommodation
83
what is the first step in any example of classical conditioning
rewarding a conditioned response with a conditioned stimulus
pairing an unconditioned stimulus and a conditioned stimulus
following a response with a reinforcement or punishment
reinforcing for a behavior similar to the desired behavior
84
A medication prescribed for major depression would most likely act on which neurotransmitter
acetylcholine
adrenaline
dopamine
serotonin
85
Which of the following models of personality is the least deterministic
biological
humanistic
evolutionary
psychodynamic
86
Someone who fails an exam and reacts by studying longer probably has this locus of control
external
situational
internal
fundamental
87
Vance's psychiatrist diagnoses him with bipolar disorder. Which medication would he prescribe
benzodiazepines
SSRIs
L-Dopa
lithium
88
When Susie went to prom with Dan, Max channeled his feelings of frustration into artwork
sublimation
projection
reaction formation
displacement
89
Which is one of the key factors distinguishing major depressive disorder from sadness
sadness is paired with heightened senses and mania
lasts longer than 2 weeks without an obvious cause
normal sadness is much less intense than depression
specific changes in the brain
90
Which is most directly involved in the electrical aspect of neurotransmission
synaptic cleft
myelin
terminal button
neurotransmiters
91
What percent of people score between 70 and 130 on the WISC (M: 100, SD:15)
68
50
84
95
92
Which best describes how neurons communicate with one another
physical contact between dendrites
electrical signals between two myelin sheaths
chemical signals at the synaptic cleft
hormones jump from one axon to the next
93
REM sleep deprivation generally causes what kinds of side effects
sleep apnea and night terrors
heightened manifest dream content
intense, prolonged periods of Stage 3 & 4 sleep
interference with memory tasks
94
Research indicates that which factor most influences one's sexual orientation
masculine/feminine personality traits
traumatic childhood experiences
hormones released in the womb
parenting style
95
A variable ratio of reinforcement is often preferable to a fixed ratio because
variable ratio schedules produce the quickest results
fixed ratio schedules are more time intensive
variable ratio schedules are more resistant to extinction
fixed ratios allow both classical and operant learning
96
The fact that our ears are located on opposite sides of our head best helps us with
sound localization
sensory adaptation
detecting absolute threshold
hearing high frequencies
97
In a class of 25 students, all but 2 score between 82 and 94. The 2 scores of 47 and 55 are
outliers
modes
normally distributed
variances
98
children who suffer brain damage can regain function more quickly than older patients due to
neuroplasticity
hemispheric lateralization
contralateral control
effective psychological environment
99
authoritarian parents demonstrate
high warmth and high control
low warmth and low control
high warmth and low control
low warmth and high control
100
A therapist who tells a client to write down their depressed thoughts is using this perspective
pharmacological
structuralist
cognitive
behavioral
101
Restarting your printer over and over but failing to notice it is out of paper demonstrates
belief perseverance
divergent thinking
a mental set
low experiential intelligence
102
in the nature vs. nurture debate, nature is most closely associated with
family
culture
environment
temperament
103
Which of the following has been linked to a deficit of dopamine
Parkinson's disease
Alzheimer's disease
major depressive disorder
autism
104
After repeated firings, neural connections are strengthened. What is this process
state-dependent memory
proactive interference
long-term potentiation
semantic encoding
105
If a distribution of scores includes outliers, which measure of central tendency should be used
standard deviation
range
mean
median
106
which social psychology principle best explains prejudice
compliance strategies
individualism
self-serving bias
in-group bias
107
An artist making a drawing could use which of the following to add depth to the picture
convergence
retinal disparity
closure
linear perspective
108
Lara is attracted to Craig but can't stand his friends and family. Her conflict is classified
approach-avoidance
avoidance-avoidance
she does not have a conflict
approach-approach
109
What research method could study the relationship between owning a hybrid car and being vegan
naturalistic observation
experiment
case study
correlation study
110
Which best explains the Schachter-Singer two-factor theory
an event causes an emotion and a physiological response
perceived control over life reduces stress and improves mood
people follow a pattern of alarm, resistance, exhaustion
physiological reaction and cognitive labeling cause emotion
111
What area of psychology focuses on subjective well-being, optimism, self-esteem, and happiness
social psychology
psychometrics
health psychology
positive psychology
112
A teacher ignoring her students' prior grades so her opinion of them is not influenced avoids
cognitive dissonance
self-serving bias
fundamental attribution error
self-fulfilling prophecy
113
Someone who can't move the muscles needed for accurate speech might have brain damage where
hippocampus
Wernicke's area
Broca's area
Gage's area
114
which 2 competing theories explain the effects of hypnosis
role theory and dissociation theory
manifest content and latent content
circadian rhythm and paradoxical sleep
conscious level and non conscious level
115
A doctor determining whether an accident caused structural damage to the brain would use
MRI
EEG
rTMS
PET
116
the "c" in the word
cat
is best described as a
holobase
morpheme
grapheme
phoneme
117
Milgram's obedience study was criticized based on what ethical grounds
risk of psychological harm
violation of confidentiality
lack of informed consent
lack of debriefing
118
What is the purpose of the DSM
describe the biopsychosocial causes of disorders
explain the symptoms and cures of disorders
discuss theories related to the treatment of disorders
list the diagnostic criteria and symptoms of disorders
119
the somatic nervous system is part of the
sympathetic nervous system
central nervous system
peripheral nervous system
autonomic nervous system
120
In the 3-box model of information processing, memories are first stored in
procedural memory
sensory memory
long-term memory
short-term memory
121
which type of therapist is most likely to prescribe lithium for a patient with bipolar disorder
clinical psychologist
cognitive psychotherapist
psychoanalyst
psychiatrist
122
which technique controls for both experimenter and subject bias
Hawthorne effect
single blind study
counterbalancing
double blind study
123
Harlow's rhesus monkey experiment illustrated
the importance of physical contact to development
the danger of separating babies from their natural parents
that language is a uniquely human skill
that primates can make and use tools
124
James is interested in the processing strategies children use to learn new information. He is a
personality psychologist
sociocultural psychologist
cognitive psychologist
clinical psychologist
125
A teacher whose class culture encourages intrinsic motivation uses which management style
postconventional
James-Lange
theory Y
approach-avoidance
126
Which of the therapies below is no longer used to treat patients
free association
gestalt therapy
prefrontal lobotomy
electro-convulsive shock therapy
127
According to Freud, what is the dominant factor in determining our personality traits
parenting styles
secondary drives and needs
unconscious conflicts
genetics and nutrition
128
which structure is part of the inner ear
basilar membrane
tympanic membrane
malleus (hammer)
auditory canal
129
Lana learns how to be goalie as her coach gradually rolls the ball faster at parts the goal
higher-order conditioning
law of effect
token economy
behavior shaping
130
If Pavlov's dogs began to salivate when they heard a sound similar to a bell they would show
spontaneous recovery
stimulus discrimination
unconditioned response
stimulus generalization
131
Bandura's Bobo doll experiment evidenced the importance of __________ in social learning
latent learning
sublimation
mirror neurons
modeling
132
An EEG of Cyrus after he has been asleep for about an hour would show primarily
beta waves
alpha waves
delta waves
sleep spindles
133
Which structure is located at the most central and protected part of the brain
sensory cortex
cerebellum
cerebral cortex
medulla
134
What theory of emotion are cognitive psychologists likely to support
opponent process theory
social facilitation theory
Schachter two-factor theory
James-Lange theory
135
a test which places someone into personality categories (e.g.extravert/introvert) is based on
trait theory
biological theory
psychodynamic theory
social cognitive theroy
136
a musicians ability to discern between 2 similar pitches depends on which concept
difference threshold
bottom up processing
signal detection theory
absolute threshold
137
an A+ grade in a class is which kind of reinforcer
continuous
secondary
partial
primary
138
A low level of glucose in Sam's bloodstream would most likely make him want to
pursue a romantic interest
eat a meal
go for a run
make new friends
139
10 YO Genna underwent a right hemispherectomy. What action best shows her neuroplasticity
moving her left hand
understanding what was said to her
speaking aloud
solving a logic problem
140
The case study of Phineas Gage was significant because it was one of the the first examples of
using a CAT scan to document the extent of the injury
a specific brain area associated with emotional changes
treating a brain-damaged patient with psychotherapy
treatment with drugs that alter neurotransmission
141
When like-minded groups take more extreme positions than individuals comprising the group
group polarization
groupthink
deindividuation
social facilitation
142
What was one of the factors that increased conformity in Asch's studies
size of the group
placebo effect
wearing guard uniforms
presence of an authority figure
143
counterconditioning lies at the heart of which therapeutic approach
systematic desensitization
REBT
client-centered therapy
token economies
144
which structure in the eye is most responsible for color vision
optic nerve
cones
cornea
rods
145
our ability to perceive depth depends on what other perceptual abilities
binocular and monocular cues
vestibular and kinesthetic senses
proximity and similarity
top-down and bottom-up processing
146
At what age is the onset of schizophrenia most typical
puberty
early 20s
late 40s
mid 30s
147
Withdrawal symptoms are most directly caused by this process
activation-synthesis
dissociation
antagonists
tolerance
148
A person with a painful skin rash finds hard scratching temporarily relieves the pain
opponent-process theory
transduction theory
gate-control theory
frequency theory
149
Which statement best represents the relationship between performance and arousal
performance is best at low and high levels of arousal
performance continually decreases as arousal increases
too little or too much arousal is harmful to performance
performance steadily increases as arousal increases
150
which newborn reflex helps infants find and eat food
Moro
Babinski
rooting
stepping
151
A test that identifies people with the potential to be great lawyers is an example of a(n)
achievement test
aptitude test
EQ test
IQ test