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AP Psych Exam Review
AP Psych Exam Review
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1
A person with a painful skin rash finds hard scratching temporarily relieves the pain
frequency theory
gate-control theory
transduction theory
opponent-process theory
2
Counterconditioning lies at the heart of which therapeutic approach
client-centered therapy
systematic desensitization
REBT
token economies
3
Which best explains the Schachter-Singer two-factor theory
physiological reaction and cognitive labeling cause emotion
an event causes an emotion and a physiological response
perceived control over life reduces stress and improves mood
people follow a pattern of alarm, resistance, exhaustion
4
People who catch violent movies are more likely to behave violently: this statement reflects
counterconditioning
latent learning
insight learning
observational learning
5
Mary Ainsworth's Strange Situation experiment studied what developmental concept
parenting style
attachment
assimilation
motor development
6
Which of the following is most likely to lead to a confabulated memory
proactive interference
leading questions
relearning effect
brain injury
7
When Susie went to prom with Dan, Max channeled his feelings of frustration into artwork
displacement
sublimation
reaction formation
projection
8
Which best describes how neurons communicate with one another
physical contact between dendrites
electrical signals between two myelin sheaths
hormones jump from one axon to the next
chemical signals at the synaptic cleft
9
Your girlfriend dumps you. "I always knew she was bad news" your friend says. This demonstrates
self-serving bias
hindsight bias
a theory
overconfidence
10
Julie is more alert in the morning; John in the evening. This is because of differences in
circadian rhythm
daily activities
sleep cycles
personalities
11
Which type of therapist is most likely to prescribe lithium for a patient with bipolar disorder
psychiatrist
cognitive psychotherapist
psychoanalyst
clinical psychologist
12
If the College Board left out questions about neuroscience on the AP exam, the test would lack
split-half reliability
content validity
predictive validity
test-retest reliability
13
Ani believes she is capable of succeeding in nursing school. Her mindset is associated with
low self-esteem
a strong superego
an extraverted personality
high self-efficacy
14
A variable ratio of reinforcement is often preferable to a fixed ratio because
fixed ratio schedules are more time intensive
variable ratio schedules are more resistant to extinction
fixed ratios allow both classical and operant learning
variable ratio schedules produce the quickest results
15
In the 3-box model of information processing, memories are first stored in
short-term memory
procedural memory
sensory memory
long-term memory
16
Which kinds of personality theorists would make use of a projective test
humanist
trait
psychoanalyst
social-cognitive
17
Which is an important technique used by humanist psychologists during therapy
factor analysis
defense mechanisms
secondary central dispositions
unconditional positive regard
18
An A+ grade in a class is which kind of reinforcer
secondary
primary
continuous
partial
19
The somatic nervous system is part of the
autonomic nervous system
sympathetic nervous system
central nervous system
peripheral nervous system
20
When first born, humans' dominant sense is
smell
hearing
sight
touch
21
What area of psychology focuses on subjective well-being, optimism, self-esteem, and happiness
positive psychology
psychometrics
health psychology
social psychology
22
Someone who fails an exam and reacts by studying longer probably has this locus of control
external
internal
fundamental
situational
23
An EEG of Cyrus after he has been asleep for about an hour would show primarily
alpha waves
sleep spindles
delta waves
beta waves
24
According to Kohlberg, in order to reason at the postconventional level, people must
be able to take another person's perspective
resolve the integrity vs. despair conflict
have been exposed to good, moral role models
believe in God
25
Which of the therapies below is no longer used to treat patients
free association
electro-convulsive shock therapy
gestalt therapy
prefrontal lobotomy
26
According to Freud, what is the dominant factor in determining our personality traits
secondary drives and needs
unconscious conflicts
genetics and nutrition
parenting styles
27
What kind of personality theorist would be most interested in the results of the MMPI
humanistic
trait
biological
psychoanalytic
28
How would a psychometrician interpret an IQ score of 145
the person has high verbal bot low logical intelligence
slightly above average
well below the average of 200
three standard deviations above the mean of 100
29
Which of the following has been linked to a deficit of dopamine
major depressive disorder
Parkinson's disease
Alzheimer's disease
autism
30
What number will tell Matt whether his research is statistically significant
a correlation coefficient close to .75
a standard deviation of 4 or more
a probability of chance less than 5%
a mean that is the same as the median
31
Pat is laughing because she just won the lottery. Sal thinks she is a fun person. Sal's opinion
is influenced by the norm of reciprocity
is influenced by the just world hypothesis
is influenced by the self-serving bias
is influenced by the fundamental attribution error
32
Garcia and Koelling's research on aversions established which UCS/CS pairs as most powerful
movement and electrical shocks
nausea and food or drink
punishment and aversion
performing a task and receiving food
33
Intelligence researchers like Gardner and Sternberg argue that schools focus too much on
traditional and analytical subjects and methods
environmental factors that influence intelligence
meeting the needs of students with disabilities
nonessential subjects like art and music
34
What kind of symptom is common among all somatic symptom disorders
substance abuse and dependence
experiencing a physical problem without a physical cause
disconnection from reality and delusions
inappropriate or flat affect
35
James is interested in the processing strategies children use to learn new information. He is a
personality psychologist
cognitive psychologist
sociocultural psychologist
clinical psychologist
36
A teacher ignoring her students' prior grades so her opinion of them is not influenced avoids
self-fulfilling prophecy
self-serving bias
fundamental attribution error
cognitive dissonance
37
Our ability to perceive depth depends on what other perceptual abilities
proximity and similarity
binocular and monocular cues
vestibular and kinesthetic senses
top-down and bottom-up processing
38
Which best summarizes the results of Tolman's latent learning experiment
reinforcement had little impact on the rats' performance
rats that were continually reinforced ran the maze faster
rats who explored the maze first ran faster when reinforced
rats that received punishment ran the maze faster
39
Maria slams the car door and yells at her kids. Now when they hear a car door slam they cringe
observational learning
operant conditioning
classical conditioning
instrumental learning
40
Authoritarian parents demonstrate
high warmth and high control
high warmth and low control
low warmth and low control
low warmth and high control
41
Bandura's Bobo doll experiment evidenced the importance of __________ in social learning
latent learning
modeling
sublimation
mirror neurons
42
10 YO Genna underwent a right hemispherectomy. What action best shows her neuroplasticity
understanding what was said to her
speaking aloud
solving a logic problem
moving her left hand
43
Which personality theory is criticized for its overly optimistic view of human nature
cognitive
trait
psychoanalytic
humanistic
44
In a class of 25 students, all but 2 score between 82 and 94. The 2 scores of 47 and 55 are
variances
normally distributed
modes
outliers
45
Vance's psychiatrist diagnoses him with bipolar disorder. Which medication would he prescribe
lithium
L-Dopa
SSRIs
benzodiazepines
46
When running for class president, Edy puts pictures of herself everywhere. Why might this help
deindividuation
foot-in-the-door phenomenon
central route persuasion
mere-exposure effect
47
An American's prototype of a chair is most likely to include
a desk and/or table
four legs and a seat
an armchair, chairlift, and wheelchair
pens, pencils, and a computer
48
Lana learns how to be goalie as her coach gradually rolls the ball faster at parts of the goal
token economy
behavior shaping
law of effect
higher-order conditioning
49
Research indicates that which factor most influences one's sexual orientation
hormones released in the womb
masculine/feminine personality traits
traumatic childhood experiences
parenting style
50
Sigmund Freud made this perspective popular in Western Europe at the turn of the 20th century
psychoanalytic
behavioral
evolutionary
cognitive
51
Classical conditioning involves __________; operant conditioning involves __________
pairing stimuli; rewards and punishments
learned responses; physiological reactions
fixed intervals; variable ratios
schedules; punishers
52
Damage to the occipital region of the brain would most likely affect which sense
balance
touch
sight
hearing
53
A musician who signs a recording contract stops playing for fun. This is best explained by
the overjustification effect
the law of effect
social learning theory
latent learning
54
Which structure is located at the most central and protected part of the brain
cerebellum
sensory cortex
medulla
cerebral cortex
55
Elizabeth Loftus' research on wording and misinformation effects on memory best demonstrate
the rate at which people forget information
the role of the hippocampus in memory
the reconstructive nature of memory
the serial position effect
56
Delusions and hallucinations are most characteristic of
obsessive-compulsive disorder
schizophrenia
antisocial personality disorder
dissociative identity disorder
57
Which question would be most useful to test Kohlberg's idea of pre & post-conventional morality
If 3 are taken from a group of 12, how many are left
what is the best way to respond to a baby crying in her crib
should you tell a small lie to not hurt someone's feelings
at what age can children reason abstractly
58
What theory of emotion are cognitive psychologists likely to support
opponent process theory
Schachter two-factor theory
James-Lange theory
social facilitation theory
59
Which structure in the eye is most responsible for color vision
optic nerve
cones
cornea
rods
60
When like-minded groups take more extreme positions than individuals comprising the group
groupthink
group polarization
social facilitation
deindividuation
61
Which would a researcher need to use to determine whether experiment data is significant
standard deviation
inferential statistics
descriptive statistics
counterbalancing
62
Which part of the brain is "newest" in an evolutionary sense
pons
cerebral cortex
hypothalamus
cerebellum
63
When Jake is late to basketball practice his coach makes him run laps. Jake is not late again
positive punishment
positive reinforcement
modeling
negative reinforcement
64
Sherif's Robbers Cave study indicates that this principle best reduces tensions between groups
superordinate goals
group polarization
deindividuation
diffusion of responsibility
65
Which technique would be most helpful in avoiding the problems associated with groupthink
encouraging contrary opinions within the group
identifying approach-avoidance conflicts
increasing group polarization within different groups
responding to deindividuation among group members
66
A charity includes free address labels in its fundraising letters to increase contributions
reciprocity norm
self-fulfilling prophecy
out-group homogeneity
fundamental attribution error
67
The "c" in the word
cat
is best described as a
holobase
grapheme
phoneme
morpheme
68
According to Piaget, when we can't ______ new information, we change our schemas through ______
assimilate : accomodation
reward : punishment
reduce : stereotypes
ignore : adaptation
69
Which 2 competing theories explain the effects of hypnosis
manifest content and latent content
circadian rhythm and paradoxical sleep
conscious level and non conscious level
role theory and dissociation theory
70
How would a person with schizophrenia most differ from a person with a dissociative disorder
a person with a dissociative disorder has delusions
a person with schizophrenia has more than one personality
a person with schizophrenia experiences hallucinations
a person with dissociative disorder has trouble keeping jobs
71
After a natural disaster Faye says, "Serves them right for not having better warning systems."
Barnum effect
just world bias
false consensus effect
self-serving bias
72
A musicians ability to discern between 2 similar pitches depends on which concept
signal detection theory
bottom up processing
difference threshold
absolute threshold
73
Which psychologist would agree w/the following: behavior results from reinforcers & punishers
William James
Carl Rogers
Albert Bandura
B.F. Skinner
74
After repeated firings, neural connections are strengthened. What is this process
state-dependent memory
semantic encoding
proactive interference
long-term potentiation
75
Choosing 20 people at random from a large lecture class of 400 is an example of
representative assignment
random sampling
random assignment
assignment to conditions
76
Most people can taste 1g of salt in 1qt of water. Which concept is related to this statement
frequency theory
sensory adaptation
difference threshold
absolute threshold
77
What percent of people score between 70 and 130 on the WISC (M: 100, SD:15)
84
68
50
95
78
Harlow's rhesus monkey experiment illustrated
the importance of physical contact to development
that language is a uniquely human skill
that primates can make and use tools
the danger of separating babies from their natural parents
79
Which technique controls for both experimenter and subject bias
counterbalancing
single blind study
Hawthorne effect
double blind study
80
Which of the following terms applies to IQ tests
triarchic
achievement
projective
standardized
81
Milgram's obedience study was criticized based on what ethical grounds
lack of debriefing
violation of confidentiality
lack of informed consent
risk of psychological harm
82
Negative reinforcers __________ a stimulus in order to ___________ a behavior
remove : punish
remove : increase
add : decrease
remove : decrease
83
A doctor determining whether an accident caused structural damage to the brain would use
PET
EEG
rTMS
MRI
84
What kinds of motivations best encourage positive behaviors to persist over time
extrinsic motivation
intrinsic motivation
need for achievement
primary drives
85
A test that identifies people with the potential to be great lawyers is an example of a(n)
IQ test
achievement test
aptitude test
EQ test
86
After studying for weeks and taking an AP exam, Conrad gets the flu. What theory explains this
James-Lange theory of emotion
Yerkes-Dodson law
Festinger's cognitive dissonance theory
Selye's general adaptation syndrome
87
People who are easily hypnotizable are likely to score highly on which Big 5 trait
conscientiousness
neuroticism
openness
extraversion
88
If a distribution of scores includes outliers, which measure of central tendency should be used
standard deviation
range
median
mean
89
The ability to solve a new computer game based on logical puzzles probably depends on
crystallized intelligence
multiple intelligences
fluid intelligence
aptitude intelligence
90
Which disorder would respond best to cognitive behavioral therapy
bipolar disorder
schizophrenia
dissociative identity disorder
major depressive disorder
91
Seeing someone at the grocery store and remembering their name is an example of
episodic memory
tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon
recall
retroactive memory
92
What was one of the factors that increased conformity in Asch's studies
placebo effect
size of the group
wearing guard uniforms
presence of an authority figure
93
Patients who are described as "split brain" have had what structure removed
corpus callosum
prefrontal cortex
medulla oblongata
hippocampus
94
What is the purpose of the DSM V?
describe the biopsychosocial causes of disorders
discuss theories related to the treatment of disorders
explain the symptoms and cures of disorders
list the diagnostic criteria and symptoms of disorders
95
Psychogenic amnesia is an indication of which kind of psychological disorder
dissociative
personality
anixety
schizophrenic
96
Lara is attracted to Craig but can't stand his friends and family. Her conflict is classified
approach-approach
she does not have a conflict
approach-avoidance
avoidance-avoidance
97
En route
to the visual cortex, information from the eyes' retinas crosses at the
feature detectors
optic nerve
optic chiasm
fovea
98
Which social psychology principle best explains prejudice
individualism
self-serving bias
in-group bias
compliance strategies
99
What is true about experiments that is not of other research methods
they take place in more realistic, real-life settings
they involve more research participants than other studies
they can gather data from a large number of people quickly
they can determine causal relationships between variables
100
Which theory would assert that a key motivation for people is spreading their genetic material
cognitive
psychodynamic
evolutionary
humanistic
101
A low level of glucose in Sam's bloodstream would most likely make him want to
pursue a romantic interest
eat a meal
go for a run
make new friends
102
Bandura's theory of reciprocal determinism states personality results from the interaction of
genetics, the unconscious, and social facilitation
rewards, punishments, and reinforcers
id, ego, and superego
traits, the environment, and behavior
103
Amy has a cat. The first time she sees a rabbit she calls it a cat. Her mistake is due to
assimilation
discrimination
habituation
accommodation
104
A test which places someone into personality categories (e.g.extravert/introvert) is based on
psychodynamic theory
biological theory
trait theory
social cognitive theroy
105
One group receives an ad for 99% fat free milk; the other for 1% fat milk. What being tested
inattentional blindness
representativeness heuristic
confirmation bias
framing effects
106
Dan is a toddler who avoids eye contact and resists to changes to routine. He shows symptoms of
autism spectrum disorder
fetal alcohol syndrome
Down syndrome
mental retardation
107
An artist making a drawing could use which of the following to add depth to the picture
retinal disparity
closure
linear perspective
convergence
108
Abraham Maslow theorized that people are motivated by
desire to achieve in the eyes of others
reinforcement of primary and secondary needs
achieving physiological homeostasis
satisfying needs on a hierarchy
109
Which is most closely associated with creativity
contextual intelligence
functional fixedness
hypothesis testing
divergent thinking
110
What is the principle tool used in all forms of psychotherapy
biomedical interventions
secondary preventions
talking to a patient
cognitive-behavioral interventions
111
A person who experiences flashbacks after a serious car accident is likely to be diagnosed with
panic disorder
post-traumatic stress disorder
bipolar disorder
dissociative identity disorder
112
A therapist who tells a client to write down their depressed thoughts is using this perspective
behavioral
structuralist
cognitive
pharmacological
113
What factors are ignored when people commit the fundament attribution error
behavioral
social
situational
dispositional
114
Which statement best represents the relationship between performance and arousal
too little or too much arousal is harmful to performance
performance is best at low and high levels of arousal
performance continually decreases as arousal increases
performance steadily increases as arousal increases
115
Which of the following statistics provides most information about how spread out a data set is
standard deviation
range
mean
median
116
Which of the following most impacts the speed of motor development
concrete operational exercises
early gross motor practice
myelination of brain neurons
secure attachment with parents
117
What research method could study the relationship between owning a hybrid car and being vegan
experiment
correlation study
naturalistic observation
case study
118
If Pavlov's dogs began to salivate when they heard a sound similar to a bell they would show
spontaneous recovery
stimulus discrimination
stimulus generalization
unconditioned response
119
Which is a common criticism of Freud's personality theory
it doesn't apply to people with disorders
his research wasn't representative of the population
Genetics was not advanced enough to be used as Freud tried
his evidence comes from therapy sessions, not empirical data
120
At what age is the onset of schizophrenia most typical
puberty
late 40s
mid 30s
early 20s
121
Erikson's initiative vs. guilt stage is most closely related to Freud's
phallic stage
latency period
oral stage
anal stage
122
Withdrawal symptoms are most directly caused by this process
activation-synthesis
tolerance
antagonists
dissociation
123
Which is most directly involved in the electrical aspect of neurotransmission
neurotransmiters
terminal button
myelin
synaptic cleft
124
Which theory explains how experiences from infancy through old age influence personality
Harlow's contact comfort theory
Erikson's psychosocial stage theory
Kohlberg's moral development theory
Piaget's cognitive development theory
125
According to humanist theory, psychological disorders are most likely caused by
unfulfilled needs
unhealthy attributional styles
neurochemical imbalances
learned associations
126
Someone who can't move the muscles needed for accurate speech might have brain damage where
Wernicke's area
Gage's area
Broca's area
hippocampus
127
which is an example of an implicit memory
remembering how to tie your shoelace
recognizing a celebrity
describing the taste of a birthday cake
recalling the name of your JH math teacher
128
Light enters the eye through an opening in the
fovea
iris
blind spot
retina
129
Which of the following is LEAST likely to contribute to prejudice
stereotyping
scapegoating
out-group homogeneity
superordinate goals
130
4YO Kate sits right in front of all the other kids to watch a magician. According to Piaget,
Kate is demonstrating egocentrism
Kate lacks object permanence
Kate has a lack of conservation
Kate cannot reason hypothetically
131
Of the following, children will most likely develop this skill first
clap their hands
cut with a knife
say a sentence
write with a pencil
132
The fact that our ears are located on opposite sides of our head best helps us with
hearing high frequencies
sound localization
detecting absolute threshold
sensory adaptation
133
A medication prescribed for major depression would most likely act on which neurotransmitter
dopamine
serotonin
adrenaline
acetylcholine
134
A personality test which calls Jan an extravert the first time and an introvert the next lacks
aptitude measures
standardization
construct validity
test-retest reliability
135
How would drive reduction theory explain a person eating half a bowl of M&M's and stopping
the person stopped when their body had reached homeostasis
humans are instinctively driven to eat sugar and fat
people eat in moderation to prevent being seen as selfish
they were satisfying the 2nd step on the hierarchy of needs
136
Which structure is part of the inner ear
malleus (hammer)
auditory canal
semicircular canals
tympanic membrane
137
Restarting your printer over and over but failing to notice it is out of paper demonstrates
low experiential intelligence
belief perseverance
a mental set
divergent thinking
138
Knowledge of different categories of trees is an example of what type of long-term memory
semantic memory
episodic memory
eidetic memory
procedural memory
139
Which of the following is found in Jung's model of the collective unconscious
functional fixedness
archetypes
inferiority complexes
repressed memories
140
Runners in a park increase their speed when another runner comes into view. This illustrates
conformity
disinhibition
social facilitation
social roles
141
Which concept is most relevant to Noam Chomsky's theory of how children learn language
serial position effect
phonemes and morphemes
linguistic relativity hypothesis
language acquisition device
142
Testing the problem-solving skills of 10, 20, and 30-year-olds in a study uses this method
social-cognitive study
cross-sectional study
developmental study
longitudinal study
143
The limbic system plays an important role in
regulating emotion
planning for the future
maintaining balance
processing sensory information
144
What kind of therapy involves both cognitive and behavioral interventions
aversion therapy
rational emotive behavior therapy
counterconditioning
systematic desensitization
145
Learned helplessness is most likely to be directly related to
an external locus of control
unconditional positive regard
the self-serving bias
the Oedipus complex
146
What is the first step in any example of classical conditioning
pairing an unconditioned stimulus and a conditioned stimulus
reinforcing for a behavior similar to the desired behavior
following a response with a reinforcement or punishment
rewarding a conditioned response with a conditioned stimulus
147
A librarian gives a prize for every five books students read. Her schedule of reinforcement is
fixed ratio
variable interval
fixed variable
continuous
148
Children who suffer brain damage can regain function more quickly than older patients due to
neuroplasticity
contralateral control
hemispheric lateralization
effective psychological environment
149
Which brain structure is involved in hunger motivation
medulla
cerebellum
amygdala
hypothalamus
150
In people, rods, unlike cones,
have a lower absolute threshold for light
respond more quickly to colors
are located in the center of the retina
are unable to detect motion
151
Which newborn reflex helps infants find and eat food
Moro
rooting
stepping
Babinski
152
Physiological reactions like surprise or shock are controlled by which part of the NS
serotonin system
somatic nervous system
sympathetic nervous system
endocrine system
153
In the nature vs. nurture debate, nature is most closely associated with
family
culture
temperament
environment
154
Turning up the volume on a radio changes which aspect of sound
amplitude of the wave
frequency of the wave
pitch of the tone
transduction of the wave
155
REM sleep deprivation generally causes what kinds of side effects
interference with memory tasks
sleep apnea and night terrors
intense, prolonged periods of Stage 3 & 4 sleep
heightened manifest dream content
156
What would Piaget test to see if a child is in pre-operational or concrete operational stage
conservation
universal ethical principles
object permanence
attachment
157
The case study of Phineas Gage was significant because it was one of the the first examples of
a specific brain area associated with emotional changes
treating a brain-damaged patient with psychotherapy
treatment with drugs that alter neurotransmission
using a CAT scan to document the extent of the injury
158
Why are psychoanalysts interested in talking with patients about dreams
symbols in dreams represent unconscious conflicts
disturbing dreams are obstacles to self actualization
neurotransmitter anomalies cause dream disturbances
counter conditioned behaviors are often revealed in dreams