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ecology test review
ecology test review
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1
The simplest grouping of more than one kind of organism in the biosphere is
an ecosystem
a species
a community
a population
2
According to the food web, when eating a shrew, the hawk is a
third-level consumer
second-level consumer
producer
first-level consumer
3
The chemsitry of aquatic ecosystems is determined by the
the number of other organisms present in the water
amount of salts, nutrients, and oxygen dissolved in the water
amount of rainfall the water receives
biotic and abiotic factors in the water
4
All animals and fungi can be classified as
producers
herbivores
omnivores
consumers
5
An organisms that cannot make its own food is called a(an)
heterotroph
chemotroph
autotroph
producer
6
Which is a biotic factor that affects the size of a population in a specific ecosystem?
type of soil in the ecosystem
Average temperature of the ecosystem
number and kinds of predators in the ecosystem
concentration of oxygen in the ecosystem
7
The movements of energy and nutrients through living systems are different because
nutrients flow in one direction and energy recycles
energy is limited in the biosphere and nutrients are always available
energy forms chemical compounds and nutrients are lost as heat
energy flows in one direction and nutrients recycle
8
The series of predictable changes that occurs in a community over time is called
ecological succession
climate change
climax community
population growth
9
Which of these is a decomposer in an Oklahoma forest?
a pine tree
a dandelion
a mushroom
a catepillar
10
Countries in the first stage of demographic transition have
a low death rate and a high birthrate
a high death rate and a low birth rate
more old people than young people
a slowly growing population
11
When individuals in a population reproduce at a constant rate, it is called
multiple growth
logistic growth
growth density
exponential growth
12
What must occur in a population for it to grow?
the birthrate becomes higher than the death rate
the birthrate and the death rate remain the same
the birthrate becomes lower than the death rate
the birthrate stays the same and the death rate increases
13
If a nutrient is in such short supply in an ecosystem that it affects an animal's growth, the
ecosystem will not survive
nutrient leaves the food chain
animal becomes a decomposer
substance is a limiting nutrient
14
Climate is a global factor that produces
Earth's unique ocean and atmosphere
solar energy within the atmospher
the shape and elevation of landmasses
a wide range of environmental conditions that shapes communities
15
If a popoulation grows larger than the carrying capacity of the environment, the
death rate must fall
birthrate must fall
death rate may rise
birthrate may rise
16
If there is 10,000 calories in the corn, how many calories are left for the mouse in the figure?
1,000
10,000
5,000
50,000
17
Most of the energy available to a consumer trophic level is used by organisms for
producing inorganic chemical compounds
performing photosynthesis
respiration, movement, and reproduction
transfer to the next trophic level
18
According to the food chain pictured, the small fishes are
first-level autotrophs
decomposers
second-level consumers
first-level consumers
19
Natural disturbances, such as fires or hurricanes, can result in
succession
commensalism
competition
parasitism
20
The trophic levels in the figure illustrate
the amount of living organic matter at each level
the relative number of individual organisms at each level
the relative amount of energy at each level
that the producers outnumber first-level consumers
21
A predator can increase the numbers of certain species in its habitat by
killing and eating the competitors of other species
avoiding certain prey species
living symbiotically with other species
crowding out the species it does not eat
22
The tendency for warm air to rise and cool air to sink results in
unequal heat distribution
regional precipitation
global wind patterns
ocean upwellings
23
Several species of warblers can live in the same spruce tree only because they
occupy different niches within the tree
can find differnet temperatures within the tree
eat different foods within the tree
have different habitats within the tree
24
What is the term for each step in the transfer of energy and matter within a food web?
trophic level
food pyramid
food chain
energy path
25
A bee gets nectar from a flower while at the same time pollinating the flower. This example of symbiosis is called?
predation
commensalism
mutualism
parasitism
26
How can a daigram of a population's age structure predict how it can grow?
it shows how many people will probably die within a few years
it shows how many people are at reproductive age
all answers
it shows how many people are entering the popualtion by birth
27
What animals eat mostly other animals?
omnivores
herbivores
autotrophs
carnivores
28
Which biome is characterized by very low temperatures, little precipitation, and permafrost?
desert
tundra
temperate forest
tropical dry forest
29
Demographic transitionn is change from high birthrates and high deathrates to
exponential growth
a low birthrate and a low death rate
indefinite growth
a low birthrate and a high death rate
30
How many first level consumers are there for the carrots in the figure?
2
1
3
0
31
What is the original source of almost all the energy in most ecosystems?
sunlight
carbon
carbohydrats
water
32
Which of the following can influence the climate in a small area withing a biome?
the average temperature and precipitation
the latitude of the biome
the greenhouse effect
natural features such as a lake
33
A biotic or abiotic resource in the environment that causes a population size to decrease is a
limiting factor
growth factor
limiting nutrient
carrying capacity
34
Which is a factor that could interrupt the progress of succession?
long-term fluctuation in climate
different animals appearing each stage
another natural disturbance
colonization of surfaces by lichens
35
A disease resulting in the deaths of one third of a dense population of bats in a cave would be a
result of exponential growth
density-independent limiting factor
nutrient limiting factor
density-dependent limiting factor
36
No two species can occupy the same niche in the same habitat at the same time
unless the species require different abiotic factors
becasue of the competitive exclusion principle
unless the species require different abiotic factors
becasue of the interactions that shape the ecosystem
37
In which way are plants in a sunny mountain meadow and sulfur bacteria deep-sea volcanic vent alike?
they both produce carbon and hydrogen
they both use photosynthesis to make their own food
they both produce carbohydrates and oxygen
they both use chemosynthesis to produce their own food
38
After a volcanic eruption __________________ start breaking down rock and producing soil.
lichens
animals
parasites
climax species
39
As resources in a population becoem less available, the population
increases slowly
declines rapidly
reaches carrying capacity
enters a phase of exponential growth
40
Which type of pyramid shows the amount of living tissue at each trophic level in an ecosystem?
a biomass pyramid
an energy pyramid
a numbers pyramid
a food pyramid
41
What producer is eaten by the most animals in the figure?
corn
tree
carrots
flowering shrub
42
Which of the following has a direct role in the nitrogen cycle?
legumes
bacteria
all of the answers
decomposers
43
What is happening in a population as it decreases?
the death rate becomes higher than the birthrate
the birthrate and the death rate remain the same
the death rate stays the same and the birthrate increases
the death rate becomes lower than the birthrate
44
Which factor(s) can influence continual change in an ecosystem?
further disturbances
all the answers
long-term climate changes
introduction of nonnative species
45
Which type of pyramid is shown in the picture?
a number pyramid
a food pyramid
a biomass pyramid
an energy pyramid
46
A symbiotic relationship in which both species benefit is
mutalism
predation
parasitism
commensalism
47
Nitrogen fixationis carried out primarily by
consumers
humans
bacteria
plants
48
What animals eat both producers and consumers?
herbivores
chemotrophs
omnivores
autotrophs
49
The average year-after-year conditions of temperature and precipitation in a particular region are referred to as
latitude
ecosystem
weather
climate
50
Which will reduce competition within a species' population?
fewer individuals
higher population density
fewer resoures
higher birthrate
51
An interaction in which one organism captures and feeds on another organism is called
predation
competition
mutualism
symbiosis
52
In which way does the figure differ from a typical model of trophic levels?
second-level consumers outnumber first-level consumers
first-level consumers outnumber producers
third-level consumers outnumber second-level consumers
first-level consumers outnumber second-level consumers
53
What organisms in the graph are responsible for returning nitrogen back to the air?
plants
decomposers
animals
bacteria
54
In a logistic growth curve, exponential growth is the phase in which the population
growth begins to slow down
growth stops
reaches carrying capacity
grows quickly
55
What is the process by which bacteria convert nitrogen gas in the air to ammonia?
decomposition
excretion
denitrification
nitrogen fixation
56
Earth has three main climate zones because of the differences in latitude and, thus,
angle of heating
ocean currents
prevailing winds
amount of precipitation received
57
Climate conditions in a small area that differ significantly from the climate of the surrounding area are called
ecosystems
natural features
biomes
microclimate
58
What process enures nutrients are circulated throughout the biosphere?
cell cycle
transpiration cycle
biogeochemical cycle
energy cycle
59
The greenhouse effect is
the result of an excess of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere
a natural phenomenon that maintains Earth's temperature range
unnatural phenomenon that where heat energy radiates back to the atmosphere
the result of the differences in the angle of the sun's rays
60
A biome is identified by its particular set of abiotic factors and its
average precipitation and temperature
distance from the equator
charateristic ecological community
specific geographical location
61
One of the main characteristics of a population is its
dynamics
habitat
geographic distribution
change over time
62
What does the range of a population tell you that density does not?
the deaths per unit area
the areas inhabited by a population
the births per unit area
the number that live in an area
63
Different species can share the same habitat, but competition among them is reduced if they
increase their populations
eat less
occupy different niches
reproduce at different times
64
The branch of biology dealing with interactions among organsims and between organisms and their environment is called
ecology
recycling
modeling
economy
65
Demography is the scientific study of
none of the answers
modernized countries
parasitism and disease
human populations
66
A relationship in which one organism is helped and the other organism is neither helped nor harmed is called
parasitism
competition
commensalism
mutualism
67
Organisms that obtain nutrients by breaking down dead and decaying plants and amimals are called
omnivores
producers
autotrophs
decomposers
68
All the interconnected feeding relationships in an ecosystem make up a food
chain
web
network
interaction
69
A population
is all of the members of a particular species that live in one area
is a group of ecosystems that have the same climate and dominat communities
collection of organisms in a palce, together with nonliving environment
an assemblage of different populations that live togetehr in a defined area
70
Based on the graph, which of the following is most likely?
warm temperatures are increasing the carbon dioxide concentration
carbon dixoide levels and overall temperature will increase
carbon dioxide levels will soon decline
temperatures elsewhere must decrease
71
Water lilies do not grow in desert sand because water availability to these plants in a desert is
none of the answers
a competition factor
the carrying capacity
a limitng factor
72
Which characteristic determines whether an organism is a producer, a consumer, or a decomposer?
how it moves
how it obtains food
how it reproduces
how it maintains homeostasis
73
Matter can recycle through the biosphere because
biological systems do not use up matter, they transform it
matter is assembled into chemical compounds
matter is passed out of the body as waste
biologicla systems use only carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, and nitrogen
74
Temperature on Earth remains within a suitable range for life as we know it because of the
unequal heating of Earth's surface
greenhouse effect
radiation of sunlight back into the atmosphere
loss of heat to space
75
Generally, which has the greatest effect on determining the climate of a region?
month of the year
prevailing winds
distance from the equator
longitude
76
Which of the following descriptions about the organization of an ecosystem is correct?
communities make up species, which make up populations
populations makeup species, which make up communities
species make up communities, which make up populations
species make up populations, which make up communities
77
How is carbon stored in the biosphere?
in the oceans as dissolved carbon dioxide
all of the answers
in the atmosphere as carbon dioxide
underground as fossil fuels and calcium carbonate rock
78
What cycle is shown in the picture?
phosphorus
water
nitrogen
carbon
79
A mouse that has eaten an insect that fed on a plant is a
third-level consumer
first-level consumer
first-level producer
second-level consumer
80
Which is one way a wetland ecosystem differs from a standing water ecosystem?
wetlands are salty, but standing-water ecosystems are fresh
wetlands are nesting areas for birds, but standign-water ecosystems are not
water does not always cover a wetland as it does a standing-water ecosystem
water circulates in a standing-water ecosystem but not in a wetland
81
How many trophic levels are between the insects and the owl?
one
four
three
two
82
Organisms need nutrients in order to
utilize hydrogen and oxygen
carry out essential life functions
recycle chemical compounds
carry out nitrogen fixation
83
An organism that uses energy to produce its own food supply from inorganic compounds is called
detritovore
heterotroph
producer
consumer
84
The algae at the beginning of the food chain pictured are
consumers
decomposers
autotrophs
heterotrophs
85
Which of the following is a density-independent limiting factor
emigration
disease
earthquake
parasitism
86
The repeated movements of water between Earth's surface and the atmosphere is called
evaporation
precipitation
the condensation
the water cycle
87
A mountain lion stalks, kills, and then eats a bunny. Based on its behavior, which ecological terms described
autotroph, herbivore
producer, heterotroph
herbivore, decomposer
carnivore, consumer
88
How many energy transferring steps is the snake away from the sun in the figure
1
0
3
2
89
All of the members of a particular species that live in one area are called a(an)
community
biome
ecosystem
population
90
Which of the following would most likely cause an increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide?
decreased burning of fossil fuels
increased burning of fossil fuels
increased biomass
a faster rate of photosynthesis
melting of the polar ice caps
91
If corn suddenly declined in numbers, how would the mouse and carrot populations be affected?
the mice population would decrease as well as the carrot population
mice population would decrease while the carrot population would increase
the mice population would increase as well as the carrot population
the mice population would increase while the carrot population decreased
92
Which of the following occurs during the ecological succession of an ecosystem?
changes occur that are caused by organims outside the ecosystem
an ecosystem reaches a final, unchanging stage
living organisms modify their environemnt a little at a time
parts of a community split off to form new communities
93
The rate at which organic matter is created by producers in an ecosystem is called
an algal bloom
primary productivity
fertilization
a limiting nutrient
94
The human population experienced exponential growth after
the industrial revolution began
agriculture began
teh bubonic plague began
plowing and irrigation began
95
The total amount of living tissue within a given trophic level is called the
biomass
energy mass
trophic mass
organic mass
96
A community
a group of ecosystems that have the same climate and dominant communities
an assemblage of different populations that live together in a defined area
is the combined portions of Earth in whic all livng things exist
all organisms that live in a place, together with the nonliving environment
97
The unequal heating of Earth's surface
has important effects on Earth's climate regions
drives wind and ocean currents
causes winds that transport heat throughout the biosphere
all of the answers
98
The loss of heat to space is slowed by
the biosphere
solar energy
radiation entering the atmosphere
atmospheric gases
99
A mountain can affect climate by
absorbing more solar energy at th epeak than at the base of the mountain
interferrign with air currents and affecting Earth's rotation
causing precipitation to fall mostly on one side of the mountain
pushing a cool air mass back out over the ocean
100
The photic zone
extends to the bottom of the open ocean
is where chemosynthetic bacteria are the producers
is deep, cold, and permanently dark
extends to a depth of about 200 meters
