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Comparative Government and Politics - Course Country Review Flashcards | StudBud
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Comparative Government and Politics - Course Country Review
Comparative Government and Politics - Course Country Review
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A broad overview of key concepts, terms, & people in AP Comparative Gov't & Politics.
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Answers
1
The ability of citizens to know what government officials are doing and how money is spent
Liberal democracy
Transparency
Civil society
Political culture
2
Which of the following is an accurate statement about the CCP and public policy issues?
CCP leadership is elected in open elections
CCP has ignored environmental issues to focus on the economy
CCP encourages couples to have several children
CCP is responsive to the needs of ethnic minorities
3
The Mexican economy has struggled party because of its dependency on production/export of
Oil
Wheat
Products for tourism
Silver
4
Which of the following do Nigeria and China have in common
Both countries have a vibrant and free media
A majority in both countries are Muslim
A significant degree of corruption in government
A majority in both countries are Christian
5
The Tiananmen Square incident was provoked by all of the following
except
Reforms in the Soviet Union under Mikhail Gorbachev
Unprecedented market growth under market socialism
The belief that China should allow a more democratic system
A belief that market reforms might lead to political reforms
6
A measure of a country's standard of living, including health and education
Gini index
HDI
GDP
GDP adjusted for PPP
7
This 1950s effort by Mao Zedong to speed up China's development and catch up economically led to massive famine
The Iron Rice Bowl
The Great Leap Forward
The Great Proletarian Revolution
The Century of Humiliation
8
Public access to media in the U.K. is best described as
Accessible to all, including social media
Accessible to all, except television, which is state-run
Open with some limitations imposed by the government
Access is severely restricted
9
Which best describes women's political participation in the developing world?
Political participation is generally prohibited
Women are not interested in politics in the developing world
Traditional cultural values often limit participation
Rural women participate more than urban women do
10
Trade barriers or restrictions on financial transactions imposed on a country as a punishment are called
Structural adjustment policies
Tariffs
Sanctions
Parastatals
11
Which of the following is/are the best indicator(s) of a successful transition to democracy?
Judges defer to elected officials on constitutional issues
Several political parties merge to form one centrist party
One political party dominates
Electoral competition, citizen participation, rule of law
12
The two religions that have intensified ethnic conflict in Nigeria are
Hinduism and Christianity
Christianity and Baha'i
Islam and Judaism
Islam and Christianity
13
Which of the following is the most important agent of political socialization in most nations?
The family
School
The media
14
In contrast to civil society in Great Britain, civil society in Russia is
Relatively underdeveloped
Less influenced by state authority
More oriented toward political participation
Less characterized by conflict
15
China's rapid industrialization of the past 30 years has done which of the following?
Limited the flow of migrant workers to urban areas
Narrowed the gap between rich and poor
Produced extensive environmental degradation and pollution
Increased types of social welfare benefits citizens receive
16
Recently, Russia has violated the sovereignty of which neighboring country?
Ukraine
Moldova
China
Chechnya
17
Which of the following best describes global trends in domestic policies?
There are more states turning to authoritarian leadership
There are more democracies than a decade ago
There are more communist regimes since the late 1990s
More countries are choosing to return to monarchies
18
What is the conviction rate in the Chinese criminal justice system?
75%
99%
5%
67%
19
In Mexico,
mestizos
are generally
More educated, wealthier, and predominate in the north
More educated, less wealthy, and predominate in the north
More educated, wealthier, and predominate in central regions
More educated, wealthier, and predominate in the south
20
In Iran, the head of the judiciary is
Appointed by the president, affirmed by Guardian Council
Appointed by the Guardian Council
Chosen by majority vote in the Assembly of Religious Experts
Appointed by the Supreme Leader
21
Today, the primary ethnic cleavage in Mexico is between
Europeans and Amerindians (Mex/Indigenous)
Europeans and mestizos
Mestizos (Mexican w/ Euro decent) and Amerindians (Mex/Indigenous)
22
Which of the following has been the most contentious issues between Mexico & the U.S. lately?
Trade relations
Acts of terrorism
Immigration
Global warming
23
To political scientists, a "nation" means
A group of people who share a common identity
A group of people living in a certain geographic area
A group of people ruled by one leader
A group of people living in one country
24
Russia's economy is most dependent on
International trade, especially with China
Oil
Coal reserves
Agricultural products
25
Which of the following is
not
part of Great Britain?
Northern Ireland
Scotland
Wales
England
26
Which of the following reflects the degree of democracy in a system?
The level of income inequality
The level of political legitimacy afforded the regime
Whether elections are held and freely contested
The number of people who vote
27
Which of the following is a significant cleavage in Mexico?
Urban vs. Rural/Social Class
North vs. South
All of the above
Mestizo vs. Amerindian
28
Russia is no longer a communist state, but shares this feature with communist China
Lack of political parties
Continued opposition to the growth of capitalism
Majority of economy is devoted to heavy industry
Government restrictions on development of civil society
29
"Political culture" is
A complex social networking system
Widely shared political beliefs, attitudes, & values
A person's set of core beliefs about government policies
30
The process of expanding the interconnectedness among states, societies, and economies
Globalization
Dependency theory
Structural adjustment
Economic liberalization
31
In which countries is the media controlled or heavily regulated by the state?
China, Iran, Nigeria
China, Iran, Nigeria
Iran, Russia, Mexico
Russia, China, Iran
32
Which country is most likely to enjoy a flourishing civil society?
A country in which most accept the "rules of the game"
A country with political and economic development
A country with frequent coups
A country in which independent interest groups thrive
33
In 1997, the U.K. ceded what territory to China after the end of a 100-year lease?
Macau
Hong Kong
Shanghai
Taiwan
34
The main purpose of the IFE (Instituto Federal Electoral) in Mexico is to
Assure honest and accurate election results
Register citizens to vote
Encourage media coverage of elections
Discourage election monitoring by opposition parties
35
The history, values, beliefs, and traditions that influence political behaviors
Political socialization
The nation-state
Political culture
Political recruitment
36
Which of the following identifies two basic elements of all modern representative democracies?
Free speech, private ownership of all industry
A written constitution, separation of powers
Free and fair elections, broad suffrage
Proportional representation, separation of exec/leg power
37
Like Iran, an important source of legitimacy in Nigeria's northern region has been
Family tradition
Christian tradition
Shari'a Law
A secular constitution
38
Voluntary social organizations outside of government representing various interests
Liberal democracy
Political recruitment
Political culture
Civil society
39
How long has the current regime in Nigeria been functioning?
Since 2010
Since 1960
Since 1999
Since 1970
40
Methods by which someone is influenced in developing their views about government/politics
Political recruitment
Civil society
Political socialization
Dependency theory
41
Which of the following is responsible for "vetting" candidates for political office in Iran?
Assembly of Religious Experts
Majlis
Guardian Council
42
Mexico's high GINI coefficient indicates the existence of a high degree of
Political freedom
Economic dependency
Literacy
Economic inequality
43
Which of the following ensures laws are compatible with Islam in Iran?
The Council of Ministers
The Assembly of Experts
The Theocratic Council
The Guardian Council
44
The majority ethnic group in China is
Uyghur
Han
Tibetan
Mongol
45
A form of government where politics and religion are intertwined
Theocracy
Marxism
Illiberal democracy
Authoritarianism
46
Which of the following best describes the Nigerian population
Ethnically, religiously, and linguistically diverse
Well-educated
Ethnically diverse but monolingual
Dominated by Christians
47
Between 1966 and 1993, Nigeria experienced a
Successful parliamentary-style government
Series of military coups
Decline in the influence of patron-client networks
Resurgence in its dependency on Britain
48
Which of the following was encouraged under Deng Xiaoping in China in the 1970s?
The Great Leap Forward
Private enterprise
Command economy
49
Where does the UK rank out of the six course countries in terms of the GINI index? (low number = good)
1st
6th
3rd
4th
50
Which faction within the CCP is
most
opposed to democratization?
Reformers
Conservatives
Liberals
51
From 1980-1988, more than 500,000 Iranians were killed when _______ invaded Iran
Saddam Hussein
The United States
Ayatollah Khomeini
Saudi Arabia
52
Who is the current president of China?
Xi Jinping
Jiang Zemin
Hu Jintao
Mao Zedong
53
Which of the following best describes the role of civil society groups in Nigeria?
There are many, and they have a great deal of influence
They are small and relatively weak
Civil society groups are controlled by a corporatist system
Independent groups are not allowed
54
What is "collectivization"?
The creation of Special Economic Zones
Privatization of most sectors of the economy
Elimination of most private property
The shift from communism to capitalism
55
A person of Spanish and indigenous descent is
Amerindian
Mestizo
Mexicano
Spaniard
56
Which of the following enjoys the most political legitimacy?
China
The United Kingdom
Iran
Russia
57
Process by which a single policy issue is sent to the voters for approval
Democratization
Cooptation
Liberal democracy
Referendum
58
In the U.K., the monarch serves primarily as
A reminder of Great Britain's former power and wealth
A mediator between competing political forces
A symbol of national unity and political legitimacy
A final authority on matters of public policy
59
China's role in global politics has
Grown as its ability to extend its military power has grown
Grown as its economic power has grown
Been based on spreading civil liberties and human rights
Declined as China concentrated on domestic economic growth
60
In comparison to the party system in Russia, the party system in Mexico is
More competitive
Weaker
Less supportive of women candidates
61
An illiberal democracy is defined as
A country that lacks free trade
Nation claims to be democratic, but doesn't allow elections
Country experiencing high levels of economic growth
Gov't hold elections, but restricts civil rights/liberties
62
In contrast to most "western" nations, Russia has a stronger tradition of
Separation of church and state
Authoritarian leadership
Individualism
Civil society
63
Why are non-governmental organizations (NGOs) important in developing countries?
They provide political stability
They provide support to the nation's leaders
They run the government
They provide vital social services
64
Iran is technically a hybrid of these two systems
Neo-liberalism and free-market capitalism
Theocracy and democracy
Theocracy and feudalism
Monarchy and democracy
65
In Mexico, the election of 2000 was notable mainly because it reflected the fact that
It produced more violence than previous elections had
The military had lost control of the political system
The economy was becoming less stable
A multi-party system was replacing a one-party system
66
Which of the following countries has the most homogeneous populations?
Russia
China
Mexico
Iran
67
A potential problem associated with using GNP when doing comparative research is
It tells us nothing about economic or human conditions
It includes value of goods produced outside the country
It only counts market value of final goods & services
There is no uniform measure of GNP across countries
68
In Soviet Russia, collective farms and Five-Year plans were established by
Vladimir Lenin
Joseph Stalin
Mikhail Gorbachev
Nikita Khrushchev
69
In 1979, the vast majority of Iranians supported...
A secular constitution
Joining the United Nations
Replacing the Ayatollah with the Shah
Replacing the monarchy with a theocratic Islamic Republic
70
Unlike the Russian and Chinese revolutions, Iran's 1979 Revolution was based on
Authoritarian motives
Ideology
Military strength
Religion
71
Which of the following is a major exporter of oil?
Iran, Mexico, and Nigeria
Iran, U.K., and China
Iran, Nigeria, and China
Iran, China, and Russia
72
How is the relationship between China and Hong Kong described?
Two countries, one system
One country, one system
One country, two systems
Two countries, two systems
